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E-raamat: Jus Post Bellum: Mapping the Normative Foundations [Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud]

Edited by Jennifer S. Easterday (Researcher, Leiden University), Edited by Jens Iverson (Researcher, Leiden University), Edited by Carsten Stahn (Professor of International Criminal Law and Global Justice, Leiden University)

Formaat: 600 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 13-Feb-2014
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
ISBN-13: 9780199685899

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Oxford Scholarship Online e-raamatud
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Formaat: 600 pages
Ilmumisaeg: 13-Feb-2014
Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
ISBN-13: 9780199685899

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Raamatu kodulehekülg: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685899.001.0001/acprof-9780199685899

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

The successful transition from armed conflict to peace is one of the greatest challenges of contemporary warfare. The laws and principles governing transitions from conflict to peace (jus post bellum) have only recently gained attention in legal scholarship. There are three key questions concerning the core of jus post bellum: the law ('jus'), the temporal aspect ('post'), and different types of armed conflict ('bellum') involved. This book explores the different legal meanings and components of the concept, including its implications in contemporary politics and practice.

The book provides a detailed understanding of the development and nature of jus post bellum as a concept, including its foundations, criticisms, and relationship to related concepts (such as transitional justice, and the responsibility to protect). It investigates the relationship of the concept to jus ad bellum and jus in bello, and its relevance in internal armed conflicts and peacebuilding. There are significant problems brought about in relation to the ending of conflict, including indicators for the end of conflict, exit strategies, and institutional responses, which are also assessed. The book identifies the key components of a 'jus', drawing on disparate bodies and sources of international law such as peace agreements, treaty law, self-determination, norms governing peace operations and the status of foreign armed forces, environmental law, human rights, and amnesty law.

Taking into account perspectives from multiple disciplines, the book is important reading for scholars, practitioners, and students across many fields, including peace and conflict studies, international relations, and international humanitarian law.

Table of Cases

xix

Table of Authorities

xxiii

List of Abbreviations

xxix

List of Contributors

xxxiii

Exploring the Normative Foundations of Jus Post Bellum: An Introduction

(1)

Jennifer S. Easterday

Jens Iverson

Carsten Stahn

I Perspectives on Jus Post Bellum

(2)

II Definitions

(2)

III Themes

(5)

IV Conclusion

(5)

PART 1 FOUNDATION AND CONCEPTIONS OF JUS POST BELLUM

I Foundation, Concept, and Function

1 Jus Post Bellum, Grotius, and Meionexia

(11)

Larry May

I Historical Roots of Jus Post Bellum Principles

(3)

II Meionexia and Post Bellum Justice

(4)

III A Brief Note on the Question: Is Jus Post Bellum Binding Law?

(1)

IV Transitional Justice and Jus Post Bellum

(2)

2 At War's End: Time to Turn to Jus Post Bellum?

(17)

Mark Evans

I Towards a Conceptual Toolkit for Jus Post Bellum

(2)

II What Might We Mean by "Justice"?

(4)

III Jus Post Bellum and the Pursuit of a Just Peace

(4)

IV Prematurely Ending a Just War Justly?

(4)

V What Does it Matter if We Call it "Justice"?

(3)

3 Jus Post Bellum as a Partly Independent Legal Framework

(15)

Dieter Fleck

I Introduction

(1)

II Typical Rules of Jus Post Bellum

(7)

III Gaps in Legal Regulation

(2)

IV A Tentative Look at the Nature of Jus Post Bellum Rules

(3)

V Conclusions

(2)

4 Jus Post Bellum: An Interpretive Framework

(22)

James Gallen

I Introduction

(2)

II The Role of Jus Post Bellum: Three Dimensions of Evaluation

(5)

III Why a Unified Framework? Interdependence in Transitions

(3)

IV Jus Post Bellum as the Application of Integrity

(3)

V Principles of Integrity as Jus Post Bellum

(8)

VI Conclusion

(1)

II Jus Post Bellum and Related Concepts

5 Contrasting the Normative and Historical Foundations of Transitional Justice and Jus Post Bellum: Outlining the Matrix of Definitions in Comparative Perspective

(22)

Jens Iverson

I Introduction

(1)

II The Grotian Tradition

(4)

III Basic Definitions

(1)

IV Legal Contrast

(1)

V Contrasting the Content of Transitional Justice and Jus Post Bellum

(8)

VI Specific to Global Contrast

(2)

VII Historical Foundations

(2)

VIII Current Usage

(1)

IX Going Forward---Continuing the Grotian Tradition

100

(2)

6 R2P and Jus Post Bellum: Towards a Polycentric Approach

102

(21)

Carsten Stahn

I Introduction

102

(3)

II Context

105

(2)

III The Relationship Between R2P and Jus Post Bellum: Contemporary Notions and Narratives

107

(3)

IV Towards a Polycentric Vision

110

(11)

V Conclusion

121

(2)

III Jus Post Bellum and Its Discontents

7 The Concept of Jus Post Bellum in International Law: A Normative Critique

123

(19)

Eric De Brabandere

I Introduction

123

(2)

II Normative Propositions of Contemporary Jus Post Bellum Theories

125

(3)

III Jus Post Bellum in International Law: A Critical Appraisal

128

(12)

IV Conclusion

140

(2)

8 Waging Peace: Ambiguities, Contradictions, and Problems of a Jus Post Bellum Legal Framework

142

(19)

Roxana Vatanparast

I Introduction

142

(1)

II What Is Jus Post Bellum?

143

(2)

III Ambiguities Regarding the Temporal Applicability of Jus Post Bellum

145

(6)

IV Contradictions and Problems

151

(8)

V Conclusion

159

(2)

9 The Compatibility of Justice for Women with Jus Post Bellum Analysis

161

(20)

Fionnuala Ni Aolain

Dina Francesca Haynes

I Introduction

161

(1)

II Utilizing the Post-Conflict Temporal Period to Advance Women's Interests and Positioning

162

(8)

III What Work Does Jus Post Bellum Do in Post-Conflict Settings?

170

(2)

IV Current International Legal Responses to the Gender Dimensions of Conflict and Post-Conflict Processes

172

(2)

V What Jus Post Bellum Might Add

174

(2)

VI Conclusion

176

(5)

PART 2 RECONCEPTUALIZING "BELLUM" AND "PAX"

10 Of Jus Post Bellum and Lex Pacificatoria: What's in a Name?

181

(26)

Christine Bell

I Introduction

181

(1)

II Pushing International Law's Boundaries: Negotiating Peace Settlements

182

(11)

III From Lex Pacificatoria to Jus Post Bellum?

193

(8)

IV Situating Jus Post Bellum within Wider Discussions of International Laws Future Directions

201

(3)

V Conclusion

204

(3)

11 The Gentle Modernizer of the Law of Armed Conflict?

207

(22)

Inger Osterdahl

I Introduction

207

(3)

II More or Less Difficult to Intervene?

210

(4)

III Is Jus Ad Bellum Increasingly Obsolete?

214

(1)

IV Beefing Up or Breaking Down Jus In Bello?

215

(4)

V What is the Modernization so Far?

219

(2)

VI New Organizing Principles for the Law of Armed Conflict?

221

(3)

VII Conclusion: New Just War?

224

(5)

12 Navigating the Unilateral/Multilateral Divide

229

(30)

Gregory H. Fox

I Introduction

229

(2)

II Proposition I: Existing Legal Regimes Applicable to the Post-Conflict Period are Almost Exclusively State-Centric

231

(9)

III Proposition II: The Security Council Can Alter These State-Centric Rules in Important Ways

240

(3)

IV Proposition III: The International Community has Effectively Multilateralized the Post-Conflict Period

243

(1)

V Which Direction for a Jus Post Bellum?

244

(1)

VI An Alternative Path?

245

(3)

VII Consequences of a Unified Jus Post Bellum

248

(8)

VIII Conclusions

256

(3)

13 The Application of Jus Post Bellum in Non-International Armed Conflicts

259

(10)

Kristen E. Boon

I Introduction

259

(1)

II International vs. Non-International Armed Conflicts: What is the Difference?

260

(2)

III Minimizing the Distinction between International and Non-International Armed Conflict and Implications for Jus Post Bellum

262

(3)

IV Limitations to Jus Post Bellum in Situations of NIAC

265

(3)

V Conclusion

268

(1)

14 Post-War States: Differentiating Patterns of Peace

269

(18)

Astri Suhrke

I Introduction

269

(1)

II The International Peacebuilding Regime

270

(2)

III Implications for Norms and Practice

272

(3)

IV Post-War States

275

(8)

V Conclusions

283

(4)

PART 3 DILEMMAS OF THE "POST"

I Dilemmas of Classification

15 Towards a Functional Conceptualization of the Temporal Scope of Jus Post Bellum

287

(10)

Jann K. Kleffner

I Introduction

287

(1)

II The Beginning of Applicability

287

(6)

III The End of Applicability

293

(2)

IV Towards a Functional Conceptualization of the Temporal Scope of Jus Post Bellum

295

(2)

16 From Jus In Bello to Jus Post Bellum: When do Non-International Armed Conflicts End?

297

(18)

Rogier Bartels

I Introduction

297

(3)

II Is There Guidance to be Found in (Case) Law?

300

(3)

III Using the Lower Threshold Criteria

303

(6)

IV Relevance of the Factors and Indicators for Determining the End of a NIAC

309

(3)

V Challenges in Applying the Threshold Criteria

312

(2)

VI Concluding Remarks

314

(1)

II Institutional Dilemmas and Strategies

17 Conflict Termination from a Human Rights Perspective: State Transitions, Power-Sharing, and the Definition of the "Post"

315

(19)

Martin Wahlisch

I Introduction

315

(2)

II Conceptual Challenges

317

(7)

III Case Studies

324

(6)

IV Conclusion: Acknowledging the Sum of Endpoints

330

(4)

18 Jus Post Bellum and the Politics of Exit

334

(12)

Dominik Zaum

I Introduction

334

(3)

II The Evolution of Exit Debates and Practices

337

(2)

III Jus Post Bellum and Exit Mechanisms

339

(3)

IV The Timing of Exit

342

(2)

V Conclusion

344

(2)

19 Facilitating Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Is the UN Peacebuilding Commission Successfully Filling an Institutional Gap or Marking a Missed Opportunity?

346

(33)

Freya Baetens

I Introduction

346

(1)

II Legal and Operative Framework of the Peacebuilding Commission

347

(10)

III Reviewing the 2010 Review Report

357

(15)

IV Conclusion

372

(7)

PART 4 THE "JUS" IN JUS POST BELLUM

20 Peace Agreements as a Framework for Jus Post Bellum

379

(37)

Jennifer S. Easterday

I Introduction

379

(1)

II Towards a Broad Conception of Jus Post Bellum

380

(6)

III Constitutional Peace Agreements as a Framework for Jus Post Bellum

386

(20)

IV Gaps and Risks

406

(6)

V Constitutional Peace Agreements and Jus Post Bellum

412

(4)

21 Targeting the State in Jus Post Bellum: Towards a Theory of Integrated Sovereignties

416

(12)

Dov Jacobs

I Introduction

416

(1)

II Sovereignty, International Law, and Jus Post Bellum

417

(4)

III Contextualizing and Conceptualizing Sovereignty

421

(4)

IV Conclusion: From Sovereignty to Integrated Sovereignties

425

(3)

22 Post-Occupation Law

428

(19)

Yael Ronen

I Introduction

428

(1)

II The Phenomenon of Dependence on a Former Occupant

429

(2)

III The Role of Post-Occupation Law

431

(2)

IV Sources for Post-Occupation Law

433

(12)

V Concluding Observations

445

(2)

23 Creating Popular Governments in Post-Conflict Situations: The Role of International Law

447

(20)

Matthew Saul

I Introduction

447

(2)

II The Value and Complexity of Popular Governance in the Aftermath of War

449

(3)

III International Legal Regulation of the Development of a Popular Mandate for Governance

452

(8)

IV The Practice of Developing a Popular Mandate for Governance in Sierra Leone

460

(4)

V Conclusion

464

(3)

24 The Status of Foreign Armed Forces Deployed in Post-Conflict Environments: A Search for Basic Principles

467

(35)

Aurel Sari

I Introduction

467

(2)

II The Status of Foreign Forces: No Self-Contained Regime

469

(6)

III General Principles

475

(6)

IV The Principles of Jus Post Bellum

481

(3)

V Presence and Status under Jus Post Bellum

484

(8)

VI Balancing Competing Interests under Jus Post Bellum

492

(7)

VII Conclusion

499

(3)

25 The Norm of Environmental Integrity in Post-Conflict Legal Regimes

502

(17)

Cymie R. Payne

I Introduction

502

(3)

II Environmental Integrity

505

(8)

III Jus Post Bellum and Environmental Integrity

513

(5)

IV Conclusion

518

(1)

26 Should Rebels Be Amnestied?

519

(23)

Frederic Megret

I Introduction

519

(2)

II The Ambiguities of the Humanitarian Law of Amnesty in Non-International Armed Conflict

521

(2)

III Amnesties in Non-International Armed Conflict: A Brief Critique

523

(2)

IV Non-Humanitarian Foundations for Amnesties

525

(2)

V The Weakness of Humanitarian Foundations for Amnesties

527

(2)

VI The Foundation of the Privilege of Belligerency in International Armed Conflict

529

(4)

VII Extending the Privilege of Belligerency to Rebels by Analogy?

533

(1)

VIII The Problem With the Privilege of Belligerency in an Age of Jus Contra Bellum

534

(1)

IX Amnesties and the Possibility of a Non-State Jus Ad Bellum

535

(2)

X Just Rebellion?

537

(2)

XI Conclusion

539

(3)

Epilogue: Jus Post Bellum---Strategic Analysis and Future Directions

542

(13)

Jens Iverson

Jennifer S. Easterday

Carsten Stahn

I Introduction

542

(2)

II Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats

544

(9)

III Conclusion: Advancing the Concept in Scholarship and Practice

553

(2)

Index

555

Carsten Stahn is Professor of International Criminal Law and Global Justice at Leiden University and Program Director of the Grotius Centre. He is the author of The Law and Practice of International Territorial Administration: Versailles to Iraq and Beyond. He has published articles on international criminal law and transitional justice in leading international journals (American Journal of International Law, European Journal of International Law, Journal of International Criminal Justice, Harvard International Law Journal), and edited several collections of essays in the field.

Jennifer Easterday is a Researcher for the 'Jus Post Bellum' project. She is also an international justice consultant and a Trial Monitor for the Open Society Justice Initiative. She previously worked for International Criminal Law Services, an NGO based in The Hague, on a variety of international criminal law capacity-building projects in domestic jurisdictions in the former Yugoslavia and Africa. She has also worked as a Senior Researcher and Trial Monitor for the UC Berkeley War Crimes Studies Center, researching and monitoring the Special Court for Sierra Leone trial of Charles Taylor. She has experience at the ICTY and with other international criminal law and human rights NGOs in the United States and Latin America. She received her Juris Doctor from the University of California, Berkeley School of Law and is a member of the California State Bar.

Jens Iverson is a Researcher for the 'Jus Post Bellum' project and an attorney specializing in public international law. A member of the California Bar, the Thurston Society, and the Order of the Coif, he received his Juris Doctor cum laude from the University of California, Hastings, and his Bachelor of Arts from Yale University. He has worked with the Cambodian Genocide Program, the Documentation Centre of Cambodia, and the Coalition for the International Criminal Court. As the co-founder of a human rights clinic, he helped represent the former Prime Minister of Haiti in a successful petition to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights that ultimately resulted in a landmark ruling requiring Haitian prison reform. He has practiced at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia on both the Popovic et al and Prlic et al cases.

Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780199685899_pe.html

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