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List of Tables and Figures |
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ix | |
| Foreword |
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xi | |
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| Preface |
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xiii | |
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Part I The Vision for a New Organizational Theory |
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1 Creating Organizational Theory From Methodological Principles |
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3 | (27) |
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Methodological Principles as Foundations for Organizational Theory |
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4 | (6) |
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The Theoretical Structure of Statistico-Organizational Theory |
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10 | (5) |
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15 | (4) |
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Overview of Statistico-Organizational Theory |
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19 | (11) |
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2 The Deep Structure of Data |
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30 | (19) |
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30 | (3) |
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The Methodological Philosophy Underlying Meta-Analysis |
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33 | (7) |
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40 | (2) |
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Continuities of New Theory With Prior Organizational Theory Research |
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42 | (7) |
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Part II The Sources of Error |
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3 Managerial Errors From Small Numbers |
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49 | (17) |
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50 | (6) |
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Inference and the Nature of What is Counted |
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56 | (1) |
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Errors Caused by Small Organizational Size |
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56 | (4) |
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Weak Inference and Organizational Mortality |
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60 | (1) |
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International Comparative Advantage in Inference |
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61 | (2) |
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Relationships With Some Previous Organizational Theories |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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4 Data Disaggregation and Managerial Errors |
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66 | (17) |
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The Fallacy of Disaggregation |
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66 | (3) |
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Cycles of Dysfunctional Control |
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69 | (3) |
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Inference and the Management of Human Resources |
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72 | (2) |
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The Problem of Aggregating Previous Inferences |
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74 | (4) |
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78 | (1) |
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Organizational Structure for Inference |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (1) |
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5 Measurement Error of Profit |
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83 | (24) |
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The Problem of Measurement Error |
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84 | (2) |
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Measurement Error of Profit |
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86 | (8) |
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Measurement Error of Profitability Ratios |
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94 | (3) |
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Measurement Error Caused by Time Rates |
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97 | (1) |
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Measurement Error Caused by Control Variables |
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98 | (2) |
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Measurement Error Caused by Comparison With Standard |
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100 | (3) |
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Measurement Error in Contingency Misfit Analyses |
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103 | (1) |
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Low Reliability Not Readily Increased |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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6 Quantifying the Measurement Error of Profit |
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107 | (14) |
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Formal Analysis of Measurement Error of Profit |
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107 | (7) |
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Sensitivity of Profit Reliability |
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114 | (3) |
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Causal Model of the Determinants of Profit Reliability |
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117 | (2) |
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Measurement Error of Growth of Sales |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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7 Measurement and Sampling Errors in the M-Form and Strategic Niches |
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121 | (17) |
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Errors in M-Form Divisional Profitability |
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121 | (13) |
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Errors in Niche Strategy Analysis |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (1) |
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8 Errors From Range Restriction and Extension |
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138 | (9) |
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Errors From Range Restriction in Organizational Management |
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139 | (4) |
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Errors From Range Restriction in Organizational Misfit and Fit |
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143 | (2) |
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Errors From Range Extension |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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9 Confounding by the Performance Variable |
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147 | (18) |
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Severe Confounding Produced by Weak Spurious Correlations |
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148 | (1) |
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Confounding by Definitional Connections |
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149 | (9) |
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Confounding by Reciprocal Causality: Performance-Driven Organizational Change |
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158 | (5) |
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Confounds and Other Sources of Error |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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10 Controlling for Confounding by Using Organizational Experiments |
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165 | (12) |
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Confounding as a Source of Error |
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166 | (1) |
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Experiments With Control Groups |
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167 | (3) |
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Experiments in Organizations |
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170 | (3) |
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Bias in Organizational Experiments |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (1) |
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11 Controlling for Confounding by Data Aggregation |
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177 | (24) |
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177 | (1) |
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Controlling Confounds by Averaging |
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178 | (2) |
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Confounding by Multiple Causes |
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180 | (3) |
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Confounding in Multiple Causes of Organizational Performance |
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183 | (7) |
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Confounds Readily Eliminated |
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190 | (3) |
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Controlling Confounds Through Averaging in Organizational Management |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (5) |
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12 Errors Not Self-Correcting |
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201 | (12) |
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Repeated Operation of Errors |
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201 | (2) |
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Overall Error From Multiple Error Sources |
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203 | (8) |
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211 | (2) |
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13 Equations of Statistico-Organizational Theory |
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213 | (24) |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (4) |
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Range Restriction and Range Extension |
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221 | (2) |
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Combination of Measurement Error and Range Restriction or Extension |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (5) |
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Overall Error Without Sampling Error |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Overall Error With Sampling Error |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (2) |
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14 How Managers Can Reduce Errors |
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237 | (8) |
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237 | (1) |
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Reducing Measurement Error |
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238 | (3) |
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Reducing Errors From Range Artifacts |
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241 | (1) |
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Reducing Errors From Confounding |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (8) |
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Situations That Lead to Errors |
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246 | (5) |
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Reflections and Limitations |
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251 | (2) |
| Appendix |
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253 | (2) |
| References |
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255 | (6) |
| Name Index |
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261 | (4) |
| Subject Index |
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265 | (6) |
| About the Author |
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271 | |