Notes on the Authors |
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vii | |
Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 Ammonia: A Multi-Purpose Chemical |
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1 | (8) |
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1.1 Introduction: Nanocatalysis using Metallic and Semiconductor Nanoparticles |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Ammonia as a Medium for Intermittent Renewable Energy Storage |
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3 | (3) |
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1.3 Global Nitrogen Cycle |
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6 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Conventional Methods for Nitrogen Fixation |
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9 | (8) |
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9 | (1) |
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2.2 Natural Nitrogen Fixation |
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9 | (3) |
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2.3 Thermocatalytic Process |
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12 | (5) |
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Chapter 3 Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction for Ammonia Synthesis |
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17 | (44) |
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17 | (2) |
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3.2 Fundamental Understanding of Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction |
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19 | (3) |
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3.3 Lithium Cycling Strategy |
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22 | (1) |
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3.4 Electrocatalytic NRR on Au Plasmonic Nanoparticles |
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23 | (10) |
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3.5 Electrocatalytic NRR using Pore-size Controlled Hollow Bimetallic Au-Ag Nanocages |
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33 | (8) |
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3.6 The Role of Oxidation of Silver in Bimetallic Gold-silver Nanocages on the Electrocatalytic Activity of NRR |
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41 | (7) |
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3.7 Incorporating the Transition Metal into Plasmonic Nanocatalysts |
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48 | (13) |
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Chapter 4 Electrochemical Reactor Design |
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61 | (18) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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4.3 Two Compartment Cells (H-type Cells) |
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62 | (2) |
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4.4 Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)-type Cell |
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64 | (1) |
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4.5 Comparison of Liquid- and Gas-phase Systems for Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis |
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65 | (14) |
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Chapter 5 Plasma-Enabled Nitrogen Fixation |
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79 | (8) |
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79 | (1) |
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5.2 Different Plasma Types for Energy Applications |
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80 | (2) |
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5.3 Plasma-based N2 Fixation |
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82 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation |
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87 | (18) |
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87 | (2) |
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6.2 Design of Hybrid Photocatalysts |
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89 | (2) |
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6.3 Photocatalytic Efficiency Measurements |
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91 | (2) |
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6.4 Photocatalytic NRR Activities of Hybrid Photocatalysts |
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93 | (12) |
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Chapter 7 Ammonia Detection |
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105 | (8) |
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105 | (1) |
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7.2 Nessler's Reagent Method |
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106 | (1) |
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7.3 Indophenol Blue Method |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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7.5 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Quantifications |
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108 | (2) |
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7.6 Various Sources of Contamination in NRR Experiments |
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110 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Reaction Mechanisms for Nitrogen Fixation |
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113 | (12) |
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113 | (1) |
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8.2 Sabatier Principle and Scaling Relations |
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113 | (1) |
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8.3 Transition-Metal Catalysts |
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114 | (4) |
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8.4 Ex Situ Characterizations of Catalysts |
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118 | (1) |
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8.5 Operando Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Measurements |
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118 | (4) |
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8.6 Other In Situ Spectroscopic Techniques |
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122 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Performance Targets and Opportunities for Green Ammonia Synthesis |
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125 | (6) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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9.3 Performance Targets for Green Ammonia Synthesis |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
References |
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133 | (18) |
Index |
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151 | |