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E-raamat: School Health, Nutrition and Education for All: Levelling the Playing Field [CABI e-raamatud]

(The World Bank), (Harvard University), (Partnership for Child Development)
  • Formaat: 160 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Dec-2007
  • Kirjastus: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781845933111
  • CABI e-raamatud
  • Hind: 35,94 €*
  • * hind, mis tagab piiramatu üheaegsete kasutajate arvuga ligipääsu piiramatuks ajaks
  • Formaat: 160 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Dec-2007
  • Kirjastus: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781845933111
Providing good quality education to all children in the poorest countries of the world is not a simple task. However, improving childrens health and nutrition is one simple step that can be taken towards achieving this goal. Health and nutrition programmes offer substantial benefits to childrens education, helping them to attend school and learn while there. What is more, the education of the poorest in society benefits the most from such programmes because the poor are more likely to suffer from ill health or poor nutrition and are also more likely to experience a disruption in their learning as a result. School health and nutrition programmes make use of the education system to deliver simple treatments for common conditions. The result is a highly cost-effective way to reduce inequalities in education and to help all children around the world reach their educational potential. This argument is examined through a discussion of the challenges to child health and nutrition and the impact of these on education and an analysis of the costs, benefits and policy options involved in the implementation of health and nutrition programmes in schools. Providing a simple and achievable solution to improving access, gender equity and the quality of basic education, this book will be essential to policy makers, educational and health organizations and researchers in international development, public health, psychology and education.
List of boxes, figures and tables
vi
List of abbreviations and acronyms
viii
Acknowledgements x
About the authors xi
About the book xii
The compelling case for school health and nutrition
1(10)
Challenges in achieving Education for All
1(2)
School health and nutrition: a ``quick win''
3(1)
Levelling the playing field
4(2)
The Double Jeopardy of disease among the poor
4(1)
School health and nutrition programmes develop capabilities
4(2)
Developing the case for school health and nutrition
6(5)
Challenges for child health and nutrition
11(21)
Health and nutrition of infants and preschool children
11(10)
Health and nutrition in infancy and early childhood
12(1)
Pneumonia causes 2 million deaths annually
12(1)
Diarrhoea causes 21 per cent of deaths in children under 5 years
13(1)
Malaria kills a child in Africa every 30 seconds
13(3)
Measles results in more than 700,000 child deaths annually
16(1)
More than 1,500 children are infected with HIV every day
17(1)
Malnutrition and other perinatal conditions cause 20 per cent of child deaths
17(3)
Diseases of early childhood are preventable and treatable
20(1)
Summary: Health and nutrition in infancy and early childhood
21(1)
School-age children
22(7)
Disease
22(1)
Children harbour greater worm loads as they reach school-age
22(2)
Malaria continues to affect children in school-age
24(1)
HIV&AIDS leaves millions of school-age children without parents
25(1)
Malnutrition
25(1)
Stunting and underweight increase throughout the school-age years
25(2)
Anaemia affects 40 per cent of African schoolchildren
27(1)
Iodine deficiency is the leading preventable cause of mental retardation
28(1)
Vitamin A deficiency affects 85 million school-age children
28(1)
Increasing numbers of schoolchildren are overweight
29(1)
Summary: School-age children
29(1)
Conclusion
30(2)
Health, nutrition and access to education
32(16)
School enrolment, absenteeism and drop-out in poor countries
33(1)
Health, nutrition and school enrolment
34(7)
The impact of nutrition on primary school enrolment
34(1)
Iodine and folate deficiencies can lead to severe mental and physical disability
34(1)
Early childhood stunting has long-term effects on primary school enrolment
35(1)
The impact of infection on primary school enrolment
35(1)
Infection before birth can lead to disability
35(1)
Early childhood malaria prevention increases school enrolment
36(1)
Polio infection causes severe disability
37(1)
Meningitis leads to severe cognitive impairment
37(1)
The impact of school-age health and nutrition on enrolment
38(1)
Enrolment is delayed for children of short stature
38(2)
Child health affects parental enrolment decisions
40(1)
Summary: Health, nutrition and school enrolment
41(1)
Absenteeism and drop-out
41(4)
Malaria prevention improves school attendance
41(1)
Deworming improves school attendance
42(1)
Improved nutrition increases attendance at preschools
43(1)
School feeding programmes improve primary school attendance
44(1)
Parental infection with HIV&AIDS leads to absenteeism
44(1)
Summary: Health, nutrition and school attendance
45(1)
Interventions: What works?
45(1)
Conclusion
46(2)
Long-term effects of preschool health and nutrition on educational achievement
48(32)
Mechanisms for the effects of health and nutrition on learning
49(2)
Direct effects of health and nutrition on behaviour
49(1)
Indirect effects of health and nutrition on behaviour
49(2)
Nutritional deficiencies and child development
51(13)
Undernutrition
51(1)
Undernutrition affects many aspects of brain development
52(1)
Behavioural development is delayed in undernourished children
53(2)
Preventing nutritional deficiency promotes cognitive development
55(1)
Nutritional supplements and psychosocial stimulation help reverse cognitive delays
56(2)
Undernutrition affects cognitive abilities in the long term
58(1)
The long-term effects of severe malnutrition
58(1)
The long-term effects of mild and moderate malnutrition
58(2)
Education and nutrition reinforce one another
60(1)
Nutrition affects cognitive development throughout childhood
61(1)
Mothers behave differently towards undernourished children
62(1)
Children with low birth weight have poor cognitive development
63(1)
Children who are breast-fed have better cognitive abilities
63(1)
Summary: Undernutrition and child development
64(1)
Micronutrient deficiencies
64(5)
Iron deficiency anaemia
64(1)
Iron plays many different roles in the brain
65(1)
Iron deficiency has a large impact on the mental development of children under 2 years
65(2)
Iron deficiency also affects mental development in children aged 2 to 6 years
67(1)
Iron deficient infants have poor cognitive abilities in adolescence
67(2)
Other nutritional deficiencies
69(1)
Iodine deficiency during pregnancy causes long-term cognitive impairment
69(1)
Zinc supplementation can improve cognitive abilities
69(1)
Summary: Micronutrient deficiencies and child development
70(1)
Infectious disease and child development
71(3)
Malaria infection has long-term effects on education
71(1)
Worm infections may affect the cognitive abilities of preschoolers
72(1)
Infants with Giardia infection have lower IQ at age 9
73(1)
Otitis media (Glue Ear) affects language development of poor children
73(1)
Survivors of meningitis perform poorly at school
73(1)
Summary: Infectious disease and child development
74(1)
Interventions: What works?
74(1)
Conclusion
75(5)
Health, nutrition and educational achievement of school-age children
80(17)
Nutritional deficiencies in school-age children
81(5)
Hungry children have poor cognitive abilities
81(1)
Undernourished children perform poorly at school
82(1)
School feeding programmes have modest effects on educational achievement
83(1)
Iron supplementation improves cognitive function of school-age children
84(1)
Cognitive development is delayed in iodine deficient areas
85(1)
Multiple micronutrients improve cognitive abilities
85(1)
Summary: Nutrition in school-age children
86(1)
Infectious disease in school-age children
86(5)
Deworming improves the potential to learn
87(2)
School-based malaria prevention improves educational achievement
89(1)
Colds delay reactions; flu impairs attention
89(1)
Children with HIV infection perform poorly at school
90(1)
Orphanhood leads to psychosocial problems in school-age children
91(1)
Summary: Infection in school-age children
91(1)
Interventions: What works?
92(1)
Conclusion
92(5)
Costs and benefits of school health and nutrition interventions
97(13)
Intervention costs and cost-effectiveness
98(1)
Delivery costs of school health and nutrition programmes are low
98(1)
Cost-effectiveness of school health and nutrition programmes for improving children's health
99(1)
Cost-effectiveness of school health and nutrition programmes for improving education
100(5)
Economic benefits of increased school participation
100(2)
Economic benefits of long-term improvements in cognitive abilities
102(1)
Improved cognition leads to improved educational attainment
102(3)
The global impact of school health and nutrition programmes
105(4)
Comparative cost-effectiveness of school health and nutrition programmes
106(1)
From cost-effectiveness to programme design
107(2)
Conclusion
109(1)
School health and nutrition programmes
110(12)
Policy and economic issues in designing interventions
111(1)
International efforts to support school health and nutrition programmes
112(2)
Programmatic approaches in practice
114(3)
Lessons learned from programmatic experience
117(2)
Key issues in designing an effective school health and nutrition programme
119(1)
School health and nutrition programmes: a policy priority
120(2)
References 122(19)
Index 141