| List of Figures |
|
xi | |
| List of Tables |
|
xiii | |
| Foreword by Stuart L. Brown, M.D. |
|
xv | |
| Preface |
|
xvii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xix | |
| Introduction |
|
1 | |
| 1 Early Historical Views on Children's Play |
|
9 | |
|
Children's Play in Ancient Greece and Rome |
|
|
9 | |
|
The Play of Medieval Children |
|
|
13 | |
|
Irrational Play, Child Abuse, and Accidents in Medieval Times |
|
|
17 | |
|
Reformation and Renaissance Philosophers/Educators on Play |
|
|
19 | |
|
Pre-modern Philosophers on Play |
|
|
22 | |
|
Friedrich Froebel: The Architect of the Kindergarten or "Garden for Children" |
|
|
26 | |
|
Linking the Contributions of Early Scholars |
|
|
31 | |
| 2 Play and Play Environments in Early America |
|
34 | |
|
Play and Play Environments of Native American and Early Settlers' Children |
|
|
35 | |
|
The Changing Picture of Early Colonists' Play |
|
|
38 | |
|
Girls at Play in Nineteenth Century New England |
|
|
39 | |
|
Boys at Play in Nineteenth Century New England |
|
|
42 | |
|
Playing in the Country: Hunting, Fishing, War, and Recess |
|
|
44 | |
|
The Western Frontier: Work, Play, Muddy Roads, and Wilderness |
|
|
47 | |
|
The Play of Slave Children: "Play Is Fun, Work Is Hard" |
|
|
54 | |
|
Culture, Circumstance, and Play |
|
|
60 | |
| 3 The Early Child-Saving Movement: Shame of the Cities |
|
62 | |
|
Victims of a Stolen Childhood |
|
|
63 | |
|
Irrational Play: Begging, Picking Pockets, and Outwitting the Police |
|
|
66 | |
|
Settlement Houses and Playgrounds for the Poor |
|
|
69 | |
|
Orphan Trains, Farms, Coal Mines, and Factories |
|
|
73 | |
|
Enduring Elements of the Child-Saving Movement |
|
|
75 | |
|
Setting the Stage for a Twenty-First Century Child-Saving Movement |
|
|
82 | |
| 4 The Evolution of the Play and Playground Movement |
|
84 | |
|
Early New York: "City Where Crime Is Play" |
|
|
85 | |
|
The Many Faces of the Play and Playground Movement |
|
|
89 | |
|
Stages of Play Environment Development |
|
|
98 | |
|
The New Psychology and the Institutionalization of Play and Playgrounds |
|
|
100 | |
|
The Playground Association of America (PAA) |
|
|
103 | |
|
The Normal Course in Play |
|
|
105 | |
|
Successes and Limitations of the Play and Playground Movement |
|
|
108 | |
| 5 Play and the Child Study Movement: Nursery Schools, Kindergartens, and the Developmental Approach to Play |
|
111 | |
|
Play and Child Development in Kindergartens |
|
|
112 | |
|
The Child Study Movement and the New Psychology |
|
|
117 | |
|
Applying the New Psychology to Education |
|
|
119 | |
|
Play and the "Whole Child" |
|
|
122 | |
|
Child Development Becomes a Scientific Discipline |
|
|
126 | |
|
The Emergence of Professional Organizations Advocating Play |
|
|
132 | |
|
Decades of Promise and Gathering Storms |
|
|
136 | |
| 6 Play during Hard Times: The Great Depression |
|
138 | |
|
Bursting the Economic Bubble and the Dreams of Americans |
|
|
139 | |
|
Pleasant and Not-So-Pleasant Memories |
|
|
143 | |
|
Stories from Children of the Depression |
|
|
152 | |
|
Double Trouble: The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl |
|
|
157 | |
|
Play and Play Environments of City Children during the Depression |
|
|
163 | |
|
|
|
170 | |
| 7 Natural, Built, and Adventure Play Environments: Back to Nature |
|
173 | |
|
Natural Play Environments: Wilderness, Vacant Lots, Habitats, and Gardens |
|
|
174 | |
|
Manufactured Apparatus Playgrounds: Steel and Stone |
|
|
177 | |
|
The Novelty Era: Dennis the Menace |
|
|
180 | |
|
Adventure Playgrounds: Tools, Pets, Junk, Loose Parts, and Gardens |
|
|
183 | |
|
The Modern Era: Standardized Playgrounds |
|
|
190 | |
|
The Postmodern Era of Play Environments: Back to Nature |
|
|
193 | |
| 8 The Value of Play and the Consequences of Play Deprivation |
|
198 | |
|
The Rush to Distinction and Mediocrity |
|
|
199 | |
|
Developmental and Therapeutic Values of Play |
|
|
202 | |
|
Play, Brain, and Play Deprivation |
|
|
204 | |
|
Obesity, Illness, and Dying Young |
|
|
209 | |
|
The Causes of Play Deprivation: A Perfect Storm |
|
|
214 | |
|
Out-of-Control Cyber Play |
|
|
214 | |
|
The Perpetual Evolution of Safety Standards |
|
|
220 | |
|
|
|
223 | |
|
Under-parenting and Over-parenting: Baby Boomers to Generation XXL |
|
|
228 | |
|
No Child Left Behind: A Flawed Political Mandate |
|
|
230 | |
|
Needed: A Twenty-First Century Child-Saving Movement |
|
|
235 | |
| 9 Toward a Contemporary Child-Saving Movement |
|
237 | |
|
|
|
238 | |
|
The Postmodern Era in Children's Play and Play Environments |
|
|
240 | |
|
Building on the Early Child-Saving Movement |
|
|
240 | |
|
The Play and Playground Movement |
|
|
241 | |
|
The School Gardens Movement |
|
|
242 | |
|
The Children's Zoo Movement |
|
|
244 | |
|
The Nature Study Movement |
|
|
245 | |
|
The Organized Camping Movement |
|
|
245 | |
|
The Children's Museum Movement |
|
|
246 | |
|
Building Ecosystems for Play |
|
|
248 | |
|
Child Development Centers and Learning and Development through Play |
|
|
249 | |
|
Expanding the Voice of Play and Play Environments |
|
|
249 | |
|
Nonprofit Organizations and Coalitions |
|
|
251 | |
|
|
|
252 | |
|
|
|
253 | |
|
Confronting the Play/Fitness/Health Crisis and Restoring Outdoor Play |
|
|
256 | |
|
Convincing Adults that Children Need Play at Home and Recess at School |
|
|
256 | |
|
Countering Pills and Disabilities |
|
|
257 | |
|
Turning off the Tech Toys |
|
|
258 | |
|
Getting Children back to Nature |
|
|
260 | |
|
Equity for Children in Poverty |
|
|
262 | |
|
From Junk Food to Basic Nutrition |
|
|
264 | |
|
Getting Parents Active and Emotional: Countering Fear |
|
|
266 | |
|
Remembering Lessons from History |
|
|
269 | |
| References |
|
271 | |
| Index |
|
283 | |