This lecture provides an in-depth exploration of China's first attempt at industrialization, known as the Foreign Affairs Movement or the Self-Strengthening Movement. It begins by discussing the origin and nature of this movement, highlighting how regional officials took the lead due to the central government's limited control during the period of rebellions. The lecture then presents a periodization of industrialization, dividing it into distinct phases from 1862 to the early 20th century. It discusses the specific innovations related to industrialization, such as the establishment of the Zong Li Yamen (Foreign Affairs Office) and the Interpreter's College, which introduced Western-style education and knowledge to China.
