| Preface |
|
xxiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xxxi | |
| Part One Institutional Framework |
|
1 | (364) |
|
Chapter I The Nature And Functions Of Administrative Agencies |
|
|
3 | (106) |
|
A The Origin and Mandate of Administrative Agencies |
|
|
6 | (9) |
|
1 Theories of the Origin of Administrative Agencies |
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|
6 | (3) |
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2 A Case Study: The Occupational Safety and Health Act |
|
|
9 | (6) |
|
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
B Legislative Control of Administrative Agencies |
|
|
15 | (43) |
|
1 Authorization: The Problem of Delegation |
|
|
15 | (18) |
|
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
Industrial Union Dept., AFL-CIO v. American Petroleum Institute |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
Mistretta v. United States |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (4) |
|
Whitman v. American Trucking Assns., Inc. |
|
|
28 | (4) |
|
|
|
32 | (1) |
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2 Revision: The Legislative Veto |
|
|
33 | (16) |
|
Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha |
|
|
35 | (12) |
|
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
3 Appropriations: Riders and the Line-Item Veto |
|
|
49 | (8) |
|
Robertson v. Seattle Audubon Society |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Clinton v. City of New York |
|
|
53 | (3) |
|
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
C Executive Control of Administrative Agencies |
|
|
58 | (51) |
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1 Appointment and Removal Powers |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
|
60 | (40) |
|
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
|
|
64 | (3) |
|
National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning |
|
|
67 | (6) |
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Humphrey's Executor v. United States |
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
|
78 | (1) |
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c Appointment and Removal Reconsidered: The Independent Counsel and the Accounting Board |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
80 | (9) |
|
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board |
|
|
91 | (7) |
|
|
|
98 | (2) |
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|
|
100 | (6) |
|
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
|
|
102 | (1) |
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The Tobacco Marketing Rule: A Case Study in "Presidential Administration" |
|
|
103 | (2) |
|
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
3 Allocation of Executive Authority: Subdelegation |
|
|
106 | (5) |
|
United States Telecom Assn. v. Federal Communications Commission |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
Chapter II Judicial Review Of Administrative Decisions |
|
|
109 | (134) |
|
A Standards of Judicial Review Under the Administrative Procedure Act |
|
|
111 | (15) |
|
1 Standards of Review and the Overton Park Saga |
|
|
111 | (11) |
|
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe |
|
|
115 | (5) |
|
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
2 The Basis for Judicial Review: Records and Reasons |
|
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122 | (4) |
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|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
B Arbitrary and Capricious Review of Questions of Fact or Policy |
|
|
126 | (27) |
|
1 The Evolving Understanding: From "No Reasonable Ground" to "Hard Look" Review |
|
|
126 | (13) |
|
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Assn. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. |
|
|
129 | (7) |
|
|
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136 | (3) |
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2 Arbitrary, Capricious Review of Agency Changes of Policy |
|
|
139 | (6) |
|
Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, Inc. |
|
|
139 | (5) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
3 Arbitrary, Capricious Review of Agency Decisions Not to Act |
|
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145 | (8) |
|
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
147 | (5) |
|
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
C Judicial Review of Questions of Law |
|
|
153 | (57) |
|
|
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154 | (4) |
|
National Labor Relations Board v. Hearst Publications, Inc. |
|
|
154 | (2) |
|
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
|
|
158 | (9) |
|
Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. |
|
|
160 | (6) |
|
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
a Modes of Statutory Interpretation |
|
|
167 | (11) |
|
MCI Telecommunications Corp. v. American Telephone & Telegraph Co. |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Babbitt v. Sweet Home
Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon |
|
|
168 | (2) |
|
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
Food and Drug Administration v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. |
|
|
170 | (3) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
4 Chevron Step Two: "Permissible" and "Reasonable" Constructions |
|
|
178 | (9) |
|
Utility Air Regulatory Croup v. Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
178 | (5) |
|
|
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183 | (4) |
|
5 Chevron "Step Zero": Interpretations Having the "Force of Law" and "Jurisdictional" Questions |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
a Interpretations Not Having the "Force of Law" |
|
|
188 | (17) |
|
United States v. Mead Corp. |
|
|
189 | (8) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
b Agency Interpretations of "Jurisdictional" Statutes |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
City of Arlington v. Federal Communications Commission |
|
|
199 | (5) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
6 Judicial Deference to an Agency's Interpretations of Its Own Rules |
|
|
205 | (5) |
|
Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center |
|
|
206 | (4) |
|
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
D Judicial Review of Questions of Fact or Policy Under the Substantial Evidence Test |
|
|
210 | (30) |
|
|
|
210 | (15) |
|
In the Matter of Universal Camera Corporation |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
National Labor Relations Board v. Universal Camera Corp. |
|
|
215 | (2) |
|
Universal Camera Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board |
|
|
217 | (4) |
|
National Labor Relations Board v. Universal Camera Corp. |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
|
|
225 | (22) |
|
Industrial Union Dept., AFL-CIO v. American Petroleum Institute (The Benzene Case) |
|
|
227 | (10) |
|
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
E Judicial Remedies for Unlawful Agency Action |
|
|
240 | (3) |
|
Chapter III Availability Of Judicial Review |
|
|
243 | (122) |
|
|
|
244 | (3) |
|
|
|
247 | (53) |
|
|
|
248 | (11) |
|
Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance |
|
|
250 | (5) |
|
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
Public Citizen Health Research Group v. Chao |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
2 Statutory Preclusion of Review |
|
|
259 | (14) |
|
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
|
|
262 | (2) |
|
McNary v. Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. |
|
|
264 | (7) |
|
|
|
271 | (2) |
|
3 Committed to Agency Discretion by Law |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (27) |
|
|
|
274 | (9) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
b Prosecutorial Discretion |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
|
|
286 | (8) |
|
|
|
294 | (2) |
|
c Resource Allocation and Appropriations |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
|
296 | (3) |
|
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
C Standing to Secure Judicial Review |
|
|
300 | (40) |
|
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
2 Standing Under the Administrative Procedure Act |
|
|
304 | (6) |
|
Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
|
|
307 | (3) |
|
3 Constitutional Standing Requirements: Injury, Causation, Redressability |
|
|
310 | (30) |
|
Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife |
|
|
312 | (14) |
|
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency |
|
|
328 | (6) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Summers v. Earth Island Institute |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Notes on Additional Standing Issues |
|
|
337 | (3) |
|
D The Timing of Judicial Review |
|
|
340 | (27) |
|
1 Pre-Enforcement Challenges: Ripeness and Finality Requirements |
|
|
341 | (15) |
|
Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner |
|
|
342 | (6) |
|
Gardner v. Toilet Goods Assn. |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
|
|
350 | (6) |
|
2 Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies Prior to Seeking Judicial Review |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
a Exhaustion Outside the APA |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
b Exhaustion Under the APA |
|
|
360 | (5) |
| Part Two Administrative Functions |
|
365 | (482) |
|
Chapter IV Choice Of Policymaking Instruments |
|
|
367 | (62) |
|
A Legal Constraints on Choice of Policymaking Instruments |
|
|
368 | (5) |
|
1 Due Process Constraints |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Bi-Metallic Investment Co. v. State Board of Equalization |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
B Agency Authority and Discretion to Make Policy by Rule |
|
|
373 | (26) |
|
United States v. Storer Broadcasting Co. |
|
|
376 | (3) |
|
|
|
379 | (5) |
|
National Petroleum Refiners Assn. v. Federal Trade Commission |
|
|
384 | (6) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. National Labor Relations Board |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
|
394 | (3) |
|
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
C Agency Discretion to Make Policy by Order After Adjudication |
|
|
399 | (17) |
|
|
|
399 | (3) |
|
Excelsior Underwear, Inc. |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
National Labor Relations Board v. Wyman-Gordon Co. |
|
|
405 | (7) |
|
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
National Labor Relations Board v. Bell Aerospace Co. |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
D Agency Discretion to Make Policy by Manual or Informal Guidance |
|
|
416 | (13) |
|
|
|
417 | (5) |
|
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
Note on Agencies' Obligation to Follow Their Own Procedural Rules |
|
|
424 | (5) |
|
|
|
429 | (140) |
|
A Formal and Informal Models of Rulemaking Under the Administrative Procedure Act |
|
|
429 | (3) |
|
United States v. Allegheny-Ludlum Steel Corp. |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
United States v. Florida East Coast Ry. Co. |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
B Rulemaking Procedure Under APA §553 and Related Statutes |
|
|
432 | (93) |
|
|
|
432 | (9) |
|
Chocolate Manufacturers Assn. v. Block |
|
|
433 | (5) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Long Island Care at Home, Ltd. v. Coke |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
2 Explanation of the Decision: The Concise General Statement |
|
|
441 | (3) |
|
United States v. Nova Scotia Food Prods. Corp. |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (2) |
|
3 Protecting the Integrity of the Rulemaking "Record": Ex Parte Contacts, Political Influence, and Prejudgment |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
a Exclusivity of the Rulemaking Record and Ex Parte Contacts |
|
|
444 | (35) |
|
Home Box Office v. Federal Communications Commission |
|
|
447 | (4) |
|
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
b Political Influence on Administrative Policy, Late Comments, and Ex Parte Contacts |
|
|
452 | (4) |
|
|
|
456 | (7) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
District of Columbia Federation of Civic Assns. v. Volpe |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
c Impartiality of the Rulemaker |
|
|
466 | (5) |
|
Association of National Advertisers, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission |
|
|
471 | (6) |
|
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
4 Embellishing the APA Model of Informal Rulemaking Through "Hybrid" Procedures |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
b Judicially Fashioned Hybrids |
|
|
480 | (15) |
|
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
|
|
483 | (4) |
|
Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. |
|
|
487 | (4) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
American Radio Relay League, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission |
|
|
492 | (3) |
|
5 Exemptions from APA §553'. |
|
|
495 | (19) |
|
National Family Planning & Reproductive Health Assn., Inc. v. Sullivan |
|
|
496 | (5) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Hoctor v. United States Department of Agriculture |
|
|
502 | (4) |
|
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (5) |
|
6 Alternative Rulemaking Models |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (11) |
|
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
USA Group Loan Services, Inc. v. Riley |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
b Alternatives to Negotiated Rulemaking |
|
|
521 | (4) |
|
C Strengthening the Analytic Basis of Policymaking |
|
|
525 | (44) |
|
|
|
525 | (20) |
|
American Textile Manufacturers Institute v. Donovan |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc. |
|
|
533 | (5) |
|
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc. |
|
|
538 | (6) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
2 Presidential Oversight of Rulemaking |
|
|
545 | (7) |
|
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (31) |
|
Calvert Cliffs' Coordinating Committee v. Atomic Energy Commission |
|
|
553 | (3) |
|
Strycker's Bay Neighborhood Council v. Karlen |
|
|
556 | (2) |
|
|
|
558 | (3) |
|
Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. Natural Resources Defense Council |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council |
|
|
562 | (3) |
|
|
|
565 | (4) |
|
|
|
569 | (124) |
|
A Agency Authority to Adjudicate |
|
|
569 | (14) |
|
Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Schor |
|
|
571 | (8) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
579 | (2) |
|
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
B Due Process Hearing Rights |
|
|
583 | (60) |
|
1 The Interests Protected by Due Process |
|
|
584 | (35) |
|
|
|
587 | (8) |
|
|
|
595 | (2) |
|
|
|
597 | (5) |
|
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
|
|
606 | (2) |
|
Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (3) |
|
O'Bannon v. Town Court Nursing Center |
|
|
611 | (6) |
|
|
|
617 | (2) |
|
2 The Requirements of Due Process |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (24) |
|
|
|
621 | (5) |
|
|
|
626 | (3) |
|
b The Right to a Neutral Decisionmaker |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Ward v. Village of Monroeville |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
631 | (3) |
|
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Cinderella Career and Finishing Schools, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission |
|
|
635 | (4) |
|
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
C Statutory Hearing Requirements |
|
|
643 | (50) |
|
1 "Triggering" the APA's Formal Adjudication Requirements |
|
|
644 | (6) |
|
Seacoast Anti-Pollution League v. Costle |
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
Dominion Energy Brayton Point, LLC v. Johnson |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
2 Procedural Issues in Formal Adjudication |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
a Discovery and Cross-Examination |
|
|
650 | (26) |
|
Citizens Awareness Network, Inc. v. United States |
|
|
650 | (5) |
|
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
Southern California Edison Co. v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (3) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Armstrong v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission |
|
|
661 | (2) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
Envirocare of Utah, Inc. v. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
|
|
664 | (4) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
e Restrictions on Ex Parte Communications in Adjudication |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Portland Audubon Society v. Endangered Species Committee |
|
|
669 | (5) |
|
|
|
674 | (2) |
|
3 Oversight of Administrative Hearing Officers: Achieving Consistency in a Regime of Mass Administrative Justice |
|
|
676 | (10) |
|
Association of Administrative Law Judges v. Heckler |
|
|
678 | (3) |
|
|
|
681 | (5) |
|
|
|
686 | (7) |
|
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp. v. LTV Corp. |
|
|
687 | (2) |
|
|
|
689 | (4) |
|
Chapter VII Enforcement And Liability |
|
|
693 | (104) |
|
|
|
693 | (49) |
|
1 Monitoring and Investigation |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
|
|
697 | (26) |
|
Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc. |
|
|
701 | (6) |
|
|
|
707 | (3) |
|
b Compulsory Production of Information |
|
|
710 | (3) |
|
c Record-Keeping Requirements |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
Ruckelshaus v. Monsanto Co. |
|
|
714 | (9) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
2 Prosecution and Selective Enforcement |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
a Prosecutorial Incentives |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
b Remedies for Selective Enforcement |
|
|
725 | (17) |
|
Moog Industries, Inc. v. Federal Trade Commission |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
Federal Trade Commission v. Universal-Rundle Corp. |
|
|
728 | (3) |
|
|
|
731 | (2) |
|
c Agency Enforcement Orders |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
General Electric Co. v. Jackson |
|
|
734 | (6) |
|
|
|
740 | (2) |
|
B Private Litigation and Regulatory Enforcement |
|
|
742 | (39) |
|
1 Citizen Suits to Compel Public Enforcement |
|
|
742 | (7) |
|
|
|
743 | (4) |
|
|
|
747 | (1) |
|
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
2 Implied Private Rights of Action to Enforce Public Laws |
|
|
749 | (1) |
|
a Expansion: Policy-Based Justifications for Implying Private Rights of Action |
|
|
750 | (13) |
|
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
b Retrenchment: Reading Legislative Intent to Exclude Private Rights of Action |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
|
|
753 | (4) |
|
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
Cannon v. University of Chicago |
|
|
758 | (2) |
|
Karahalios v. National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 1263 |
|
|
760 | (2) |
|
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
3 Public-Law Preclusion of Existing Private Remedies: Primary Jurisdiction and Pre-emption |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
|
|
766 | (15) |
|
Geier v. American Honda Motor Co., Inc. |
|
|
768 | (8) |
|
|
|
776 | (5) |
|
C Liability of Public Entities and Officers |
|
|
781 | (16) |
|
1 Suits Against Sovereigns: Sovereign Immunity and the Federal Tort Claims Act |
|
|
781 | (13) |
|
United States v. S.A. Empresa de Viacao Rio Grandense (\Twig Airlines) |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Berkovitz v. United States |
|
|
785 | (6) |
|
|
|
791 | (1) |
|
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
|
|
792 | (2) |
|
2 Suits Against Individual Government Officers |
|
|
794 | (3) |
|
|
|
797 | (50) |
|
|
|
798 | (14) |
|
1 Due Process, Equal Protection, and the Problem of Self-Interest |
|
|
798 | (4) |
|
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
2 Anticompetitive Behavior and Antitrust Restraints |
|
|
802 | (8) |
|
North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners v. Federal Trade Commission |
|
|
803 | (6) |
|
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
3 Other Constraints on Occupational Licensing |
|
|
810 | (2) |
|
|
|
812 | (37) |
|
1 Entry Regulation: Allocating Scarce and Valuable Resources |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
a Comparative Hearing Procedure |
|
|
812 | (12) |
|
Ashbacker Radio Corp. v. Federal Communications Commission |
|
|
813 | (3) |
|
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
|
|
817 | (3) |
|
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
d Licensee Supervision: The Problem of "Jawboning" |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
Writers Guild of America, West, Inc. v. American Broadcasting Cos. |
|
|
821 | (2) |
|
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
|
|
824 | (10) |
|
MCI Telecommunications Corp. v. American Telephone & Telegraph Co. |
|
|
826 | (7) |
|
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
3 Expansion of Regulatory Jurisdiction: The Case of the Internet |
|
|
834 | (15) |
|
National Cable & Telecommunications Assn. v. Brand X Internet Services |
|
|
835 | (9) |
|
|
|
844 | (3) |
| Part Three Indirect Controls |
|
847 | (58) |
|
|
|
849 | (56) |
|
A Public Access to Government Records |
|
|
849 | (42) |
|
1 Agency Records Under the Freedom of Information Act |
|
|
851 | (11) |
|
Kissinger v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press |
|
|
851 | (8) |
|
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
|
|
860 | (2) |
|
2 Exemptions from FOIA's Disclosure Requirement |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
|
|
863 | (28) |
|
Milner v. Department of the Navy |
|
|
863 | (5) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
National Labor Relations Board v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. |
|
|
868 | (5) |
|
|
|
873 | (2) |
|
|
|
875 | (1) |
|
Federal Bureau of Investigation v. Abramson |
|
|
875 | (6) |
|
|
|
881 | (2) |
|
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
Department of Justice v. Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press |
|
|
883 | (5) |
|
|
|
888 | (3) |
|
B Public Access to Administrative Deliberations |
|
|
891 | (14) |
|
1 "Meetings of an Agency" |
|
|
892 | (3) |
|
Federal Communications Commission v. ITT World Communications, Inc. |
|
|
892 | (3) |
|
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
|
|
895 | (10) |
|
Common Cause v. Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
|
|
896 | (6) |
|
|
|
902 | (3) |
| Appendix |
|
905 | (26) |
|
The Constitution of the United States of America (Selected Provisions) |
|
|
905 | (9) |
|
The Administrative Procedure Act and Related Provisions |
|
|
914 | (17) |
| Table of Cases |
|
931 | (12) |
| Table of Secondary Authorities |
|
943 | (8) |
| Index |
|
951 | |
