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Advanced Biological, Physical, and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge [Kõva köide]

(University of Southern Queensland, School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Queensland, Australia)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 298 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 580 g, 39 Tables, black and white; 134 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Nov-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138541184
  • ISBN-13: 9781138541184
Teised raamatud teemal:
Advanced Biological, Physical, and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated SludgeSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 298 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 580 g, 39 Tables, black and white; 134 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Nov-2018
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138541184
  • ISBN-13: 9781138541184
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781138541184.html
Märksõnad:
Recently, research efforts aiming to improve energy efficiency of wastewater treatment processes for large centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been increasing. Global warming impacts, energy sustainability, and biosolids generation are among several key drivers towards the establishment of energy-efficient WWTPs. WWTPs have been recognized as major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions as these are significant energy consumers in the industrialized world. The quantity of biosolids or excess waste activated sludge produced by WWTP will increase in the future due to population growth and this pose environmental concerns and solid waste disposal issues. Due to limited capacity of landfill sites, more stringent environmental legislation, and air pollution from incineration sites, there is a need to rethink the conventional way of dealing with wastewater and the sludge production that comes with it. This book provides an overview of advanced biological, physical and chemical treatment with the aim of reducing the volume of sewage sludge.











Provides a comprehensive list of processes aiming at reducing the volume of sewage sludge and increasing biogas production from waste activated sludge.





Includes clear process flowsheet showing how the process is modified compared to the conventional waste activated sludge process.





Provides current technologies applied on full scale plant as well as methods still under investigation at laboratory scale.





Offers data from pilot scale experience of these processes
Preface xi
Author xv
Chapter 1 Conventional Waste Activated Sludge Process
1(20)
1.1 Description of Main Units in the Process
1(4)
1.2 Rationale for Advanced Sludge Treatment
5(6)
1.3 Basic Principles of Anaerobic Digestion
11(6)
1.3.1 Hydrolytic Bacteria
12(1)
1.3.2 Fermentative Bacteria
12(1)
1.3.3 Acetogenic Bacteria
13(1)
1.3.3.1 Hydrogen-Producing Acetogenic Bacteria
13(1)
1.3.3.2 Hydrogen-Consuming Acetogenic Bacteria
14(1)
1.3.4 Methanogens
14(2)
1.3.5 Protein Degradation
16(1)
1.4 Theoretical Energy Aspects of Pre-Treatment
17(4)
Chapter 2 Biological Treatment of Sludge
21(22)
2.1 Introduction to the AB Process for Municipal Wastewater
21(2)
2.2 The High-Rate Contact Stabilization Process for Municipal Wastewater
23(1)
2.3 Process Configuration and Operating Conditions of a Pilot-Scale AB Process
24(3)
2.4 Performance of the AB Process
27(2)
2.5 Physicochemical Characteristics of A-Stage and B-Stage Sludges
29(3)
2.6 Biochemical Methane Potential of A-Stage and B-Stage Sludges
32(2)
2.7 Biomass Activity
34(1)
2.8 Physical Properties of Sludge Before and After Anaerobic Digestion
35(1)
2.9 High-Rate Activated Sludge Followed by Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal
36(1)
2.10 Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Followed by Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal
37(1)
2.11 Predation of Protozoa and Metazoa
38(1)
2.12 Cannibal Process
39(4)
Chapter 3 Biological Treatment of Sludge: Application of the AB Process to Industrial Wastewater
43(16)
3.1 Introduction
43(3)
3.2 Process Configuration and Operating Conditions
46(3)
3.3 Performance of the A-Stage
49(1)
3.4 Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on the Performance of the A-Stage
50(1)
3.5 Effect of Fe3+ Dosage on the Performance of the A-Stage
50(5)
3.6 Methane Potential and Calorific Value of the A-Stage Sludge
55(2)
3.7 Electricity Consumption
57(1)
3.8 Conclusions
58(1)
Chapter 4 Thermal/Biological Treatment of Sludge
59(18)
4.1 Thermal/Biological Treatment in the Return Activated Sludge (RAS) Line
59(1)
4.2 Thermal/Biological Pre-Treatment Below 100°C
60(6)
4.3 Thermal Treatment Above 100°C
66(11)
4.3.1 Introduction
66(2)
4.3.2 Effects of Thermal Treatment on Sludge Solubilization
68(1)
4.3.3 Effect of Thermal Treatment on Anaerobic Biodegradability
69(2)
4.3.4 Effect of Thermal Treatment on Viscosity, Dewaterability and Foam Control
71(1)
4.3.5 Mass Balance of Thermal Hydrolysis
71(1)
4.3.6 Energy Balance of Thermal Hydrolysis
72(5)
Chapter 5 Mechanical Treatment of Sludge
77(6)
5.1 Introduction
77(1)
5.2 Stirred Ball Milling
77(1)
5.3 Lysis-Thickening Centrifuge
77(1)
5.4 High-Pressure Homogenizer
78(3)
5.5 Electrokinetic Disintegration
81(2)
Chapter 6 Chemical Treatment of Sludge
83(30)
6.1 Introduction
83(1)
6.2 Alkaline Pre-Treatment
83(5)
6.3 Alkaline/Mechanical Pre-Treatment of Sludge
88(2)
6.4 Acid Pre-Treatment
90(1)
6.5 Fenton Oxidation Pre-Treatment
91(2)
6.6 Ozone Pre-Treatment
93(15)
6.6.1 Introduction
93(1)
6.6.2 Quantification Units
94(1)
6.6.3 Laboratory Set-Up and Conditions
94(2)
6.6.3.1 Effective Ozone Dosage
96(1)
6.6.3.2 Actual Ozone Dosage
96(1)
6.6.4 Effect of Ozone Pre-Treatment on Sludge Solubilization
97(6)
6.6.5 Effect of Ozone Pre-Treatment on Anaerobic Biodegradability
103(3)
6.6.6 Full-Scale Application of Ozone for Sludge Treatment
106(2)
6.7 Free Nitrous Acid Pre-Treatment
108(1)
6.8 Enzymatic Pre-Treatment
109(4)
Chapter 7 Thermal/Chemical Pre-Treatment of Sludge
113(4)
Chapter 8 Physical Pre-Treatment of Sludge: Ultrasound
117(36)
8.1 Introduction and Mechanisms of Ultrasound
117(2)
8.2 Application of Ultrasound on Sludge
119(2)
8.3 Quantification of Ultrasonication Energy Input
121(1)
8.4 Quantification of Solubilization Due to Ultrasonication
122(1)
8.5 Effect of Power Density on Sludge Solubilization
122(1)
8.6 Effect of Probe Amplitude on Sludge Solubilization
123(2)
8.7 Effect of Ultrasonication Frequency
125(1)
8.8 Effect of Total Solids Content of Sludge
125(1)
8.9 Effect of Ultrasound on Solubilization of WAS
126(1)
8.10 Effect of Ultrasonication on Biopolymers and Extra-Polymeric Substances Solubilization
127(1)
8.11 Effect of Ultrasonication on Divalent Ions Solubilization
128(1)
8.12 Effect of Ultrasonication on Anaerobic Digestion
129(7)
8.13 Process Configurations and Operating Conditions
136(1)
8.14 Performance of Ultrasonication Pre-Treatment
137(6)
8.15 Effect of Ultrasound Pre-Treatment on Sludge Dewaterability
143(1)
8.16 Effect of High Ultrasound Dosage
144(1)
8.17 Effect of Ultrasound on Bacterial Activity
144(1)
8.18 Full-Scale Ultrasonication Treatment of Sludge
144(9)
8.18.1 Avonmouth, Wessex Water, United Kingdom
146(1)
8.18.2 Severn Trent Water, United Kingdom
146(1)
8.18.3 Anglian Water, United Kingdom
147(1)
8.18.4 Kavlinge, Sweden
147(1)
8.18.5 Orange County Sanitation District, United States
147(1)
8.18.6 Beenyup WWTP, Australia
148(1)
8.18.7 Meldorf WWTP, Germany
149(1)
8.18.8 Bamberg WWTP, Germany
149(1)
8.18.9 Leinetal WWTP, Germany
150(3)
Chapter 9 Combination of Ultrasound and Thermal Pre-Treatments
153(18)
9.1 Introduction
153(3)
9.2 Effect of Temperature During the ULS-Thermal Pre-Treatment of Sludge
156(2)
9.3 Ultrasound-Thermal Pre-Treatment at 55°C
158(1)
9.4 Ultrasound-Thermal Pre-Treatment at 65°C
159(5)
9.5 Qualitative Analysis of Indigenous Enzymes During Ultrasound and Thermal Pre-Treatment
164(2)
9.6 Solids Removal During Ultrasound and Thermal Pre-Treatment
166(2)
9.7 Effect of the Combined Pre-Treatments on Anaerobic Biodegradability
168(1)
9.8 Conclusions
169(2)
Chapter 10 Physicochemical Treatment: Application of Microwave and Chemical Treatment of Sludge
171(8)
10.1 Introduction to Microwave Treatment of Sludge
171(1)
10.2 Microwave/H2O2 Pre-Treatment
172(3)
10.3 Microwave/Alkaline Pre-Treatment
175(4)
Chapter 11 Physicochemical Treatment: Combination of Alkaline and Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment of Sludge
179(20)
11.1 Introduction
179(4)
11.2 Process Configuration and Operating Conditions
183(1)
11.3 Performance of Individual Pre-Treatments
184(1)
11.4 Sludge Solubilization During Combined Pre-Treatment
185(4)
11.5 Molecular Weight Distribution of Solubilized Organics
189(3)
11.6 Fluorescent Products Characterization of Solubilized Organics
192(2)
11.7 Anaerobic Biodegradability of Pre-Treated Sludge
194(2)
11.8 Conclusions
196(3)
Chapter 12 Physicochemical Treatment: Combination of Ozone and Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment of Sludge
199(36)
12.1 Introduction
199(3)
12.2 Process Configuration and Operating Conditions
202(3)
12.3 Performance of Individual Pre-Treatments
205(1)
12.3.1 COD and Biopolymers Solubilization
205(1)
12.3.2 Change in pH
206(1)
12.4 Performance of Combined Pre-Treatment
206(10)
12.4.1 Determination of the Best Combination Sequence
206(3)
12.4.2 Sludge Solubilization
209(1)
12.4.3 Molecular Weight Distribution
210(2)
12.4.4 Anaerobic Digestion of the Pre-Treated Sludge
212(4)
12.5 Energy Balance
216(1)
12.6 Kinetic Analysis of the Anaerobic Digestion Process
217(1)
12.7 Optimization of ULS-Ozone Conditions
217(4)
12.8 Conclusions of the Batch Process
221(1)
12.9 Performance of a Continuous Process
221(13)
12.9.1 Process Configuration and Operating Conditions
221(1)
12.9.2 Biogas Production and Solids Removal in the Continuous Process
222(5)
12.9.3 SCOD and Soluble Biopolymers in the Digested Sludge
227(1)
12.9.4 Dewaterability of Digested Sludge
228(1)
12.9.5 Ammonia-Nitrogen in Digested Sludge
229(1)
12.9.6 Molecular Weight Distribution of Organics in Digested Sludge
230(1)
12.9.6.1 High MW Compounds
230(1)
12.9.6.2 Low MW Compounds
231(1)
12.9.7 Fluorescent Products in the Digested Sludge
232(1)
12.9.7.1 Humic Acid-Like Substances
233(1)
12.9.7.2 Fulvic Acid-Like Substances
233(1)
12.10 Conclusions of the Continuous Process
234(1)
Chapter 13 Comparison of the Effects of Ultrasonication, Ultrasonication-Ozonation and Ultrasonication-Alkaline Pre-Treatments of Sludge in Continuous Anaerobic Process
235(10)
13.1 Introduction
235(1)
13.2 Biogas Production and Solids Removal
235(1)
13.3 SCOD and Dewaterability in Digested Sludge
236(4)
13.4 Molecular Weight Distribution
240(2)
13.4.1 High MW Compounds
240(1)
13.4.2 Low MW Compounds
241(1)
13.5 Fluorescent Products Characterization
242(2)
13.5.1 Humic Acid--Like Substances
243(1)
13.5.2 Fulvic Acid--Like Substances
243(1)
13.6 Conclusions
244(1)
Chapter 14 Physicochemical Treatment: Application of Ozone, Ultrasonic and Alkaline Post-Treatment of Sludge
245(24)
14.1 Introduction
245(1)
14.2 Process Configuration and Operating Conditions
246(1)
14.3 Particle Size Reduction Following Post-Treatment
247(1)
14.4 COD and Biopolymers Solubilization During Post-Treatment
248(1)
14.5 Molecular Weight Distribution of Solubilized Organics
249(1)
14.6 Characterization of Fluorescent Products in Solubilized Organics
250(2)
14.7 Batch Anaerobic Re-Digestion Following the Post-Treatments
252(2)
14.7.1 Biogas Production
252(2)
14.7.2 Change in SCOD during Anaerobic Digestion
254(1)
14.8 Conclusions of the Batch Re-Digestion
254(1)
14.9 Performance of a Continuous Process with Post-Treatment
255(11)
14.9.1 Introduction
255(1)
14.9.2 Pre- and Post-Treatment Conditions
256(1)
14.9.3 Biogas Production
257(4)
14.9.4 Microbial Stress during Semi-Continuous Anaerobic Digestion
261(1)
14.9.5 Performance of the Continuous Post-Treatment Processes
261(5)
14.9.6 Conclusions of the Continuous Processes with Post-Treatments
266(1)
14.10 Conclusions and Future Prospects
266(3)
References 269(26)
Index 295
Dr. Antoine Trzcinski received his PhD from the chemical engineering Department of Imperial College London in the United Kingdom. He developed a novel process for producing biogas from municipal solid waste and for the treatment of landfill leachate. As a senior Research fellow in the Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute he continued working on solid waste treatment such as waste activated sludge and wastewater treatment in anaerobic membrane bioreactors. He developed novel combinations of pre-treatments of waste activated sludge that result in greater biogas production. He was granted three patents from this work in collaboration with the Public Utilities Board of Singapore. His research interests include fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors, characterization of soluble microbial products, identification of bacterial and archaeal strains, pharmaceutical and antibiotics removal from wastewater, fate of nanoparticles in the environment and bioelectro stimulation of microbes to improve bioprocesses through interspecies electron transfer (IET). In 2016, He joined the University of Southern Queensland as lecturer and teaches Environmental engineering, Environmental Engineering Practice, Hydraulics, Solid and Liquid Waste Treatment and Applied Chemistry and Microbiology as well as continuing his research in these fields.