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Advanced Biophotonics: Tissue Optical Sectioning [Kõva köide]

Edited by (University of Washington, Seattle, USA), Edited by (Saratov State University, Russia)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 734 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1496 g, 19 Tables, black and white; 365 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Optics and Optoelectronics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Jul-2013
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439895813
  • ISBN-13: 9781439895818
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 734 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1496 g, 19 Tables, black and white; 365 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Optics and Optoelectronics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 23-Jul-2013
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439895813
  • ISBN-13: 9781439895818
Teised raamatud teemal:
"Preface Photonics is the science and technology of generation, manipulation and detection of light. The field uses the quantum-like particles of light, i.e., the photons, instead of electrons to transmit, process, and store information. Biophotonics is recently emerged from the applications of photonics in the fields of biology and medicine. The invention of lasers in the 1960s revolutionized photonics, and made rapid technological advancements that produced useful tools, such as bar code scanners, CD players and laser pointers that are already playing an important part in our daily life. The fluorescence microscope is the first taste of the power of Biophotonics that brought us the important molecular information within cells in almost all biological laboratories. Today, biophotonics is widely regarded as the key science upon which the next generation of clinical tools and biomedical research instrumentation will be based. Although nature has used the principle of biophotonics to harness light for photosynthesis, it wasn't until about 10 years ago that a substantial translation of photonics technologies to biological applications began to transform medical and life sciences. The knowledge of biophotonics essentially includes the fundamentals of many interdisciplinary fields and how they are uniquely related to each other. Researchers and students who are interested in biophotonics should have a solid understanding of the physics of light, and the engineering of devices and instruments that are used to generate, modify, and manipulate light. On the other hand, they must also understand the fundamentals of biology and medicine, such as the molecular and cellular processes that occur in living systems to properly and meaningfully utilize the"--

"This reference provides an overview of optical imaging and manipulation technologies in biophotonics, covering both basic and advanced optical imaging techniques. It reviews the principles and fundamentals of bioimaging and molecular imaging/manipulation techniques. It also presents an overview of instrumentation, basic algorithms, and data processing methods. Accessible to students and researchers, the book discusses a range of application areas, including established and newer methodologies in biotechnology, biomedical engineering, biophysics, medicine, and pharmacology"--

Despite a number of books on biophotonics imaging for medical diagnostics and therapy, the field still lacks a comprehensive imaging book that describes state-of-the-art biophotonics imaging approaches intensively developed in recent years. Addressing this shortfall, Advanced Biophotonics: Tissue Optical Sectioning presents contemporary methods and applications of biophotonics imaging. Gathering research otherwise scattered in numerous physical, chemical, biophysical, and biomedical journals, the book helps researchers, bioengineers, and medical doctors understand major recent bioimaging technologies and the underlying biophotonics science.

Well-known international experts explore a variety of "hot" biomedical optics and biophotonics problems, including the use of photoacoustic imaging to investigate the molecular and cellular processes in living systems. The book also covers Monte Carlo modeling, tissue optics and tissue optical clearing, nonlinear optical microscopy, various aspects of optical coherence tomography, multimodal tomography, adaptive optics, and signal imaging.

With 58 color images, this book represents a valuable contribution to the biomedical and biophotonics literature. Designed for researchers and practitioners in biophotonics, the book is also a useful resource for scientists in laser physics and technology, fiber optics, spectroscopy, materials science, biology, and medicine as well as students studying biomedical physics and engineering, biomedical optics, and biophotonics.

Preface xiii
The Editors xv
List of Contributors
xvii
1 Monte Carlo Modeling of Photon Migration for the Needs of Biomedical Optics and Biophotonics
1(72)
Igor Meglinski
Alexander Doronin
1.1 Introduction
1(8)
1.2 Monte Carlo Method
9(15)
1.2.1 Implementation of Monte Carlo simulation
10(1)
1.2.2 Transfer of a photon packet in the medium
11(1)
1.2.3 Scattering
12(5)
1.2.4 Absorption
17(3)
1.2.5 Reflection and refraction
20(4)
1.3 Monte Carlo Modeling of Coherent Effects
24(8)
1.3.1 Field correlation transfer
24(2)
1.3.2 Scalar field
26(2)
1.3.3 Polarization
28(1)
1.3.4 Simulation of OCT images
29(1)
1.3.5 Simulation of polarization dependent OCT signal
30(2)
1.3.6 Termination
32(1)
1.4 Online Object Oriented Monte Carlo Computational Tool for the Needs of Biomedical Optics
32(5)
1.4.1 Object oriented concept of Monte Carlo modeling
32(1)
1.4.2 Graphics Processing Unit acceleration of the Monte Carlo model
33(2)
1.4.3 Online solution and web integration
35(2)
1.4.4 Peer-to-Peer computing infrastructure for the Monte Carlo modeling tool
37(1)
1.5 Results of Monte Carlo Simulation
37(21)
1.5.1 Validation of the technique
37(4)
1.5.2 Comparison with the human skin diffuse reflectance spectrum and color measured in vivo
41(1)
1.5.3 Sampling volume
42(5)
1.5.4 Fluorescence
47(4)
1.5.5 Coherent effects and polarization
51(5)
1.5.6 Modeling of OCT images
56(2)
1.6 Summary
58(15)
2 Quantitative Polarimetry for Tissue Characterization and Diagnosis
73(36)
David Layden
Nirmalya Ghosh
Alex Vitkin
2.1 Introduction
74(1)
2.2 Fundamentals of Polarization
74(4)
2.2.1 Polarization states
74(1)
2.2.2 Stokes-Mueller formalism
75(1)
2.2.3 Fundamental polarimetric characteristics
76(2)
2.3 Experimental Polarimetry
78(7)
2.3.1 Stokes polarimeters
79(2)
2.3.2 Mueller polarimeters
81(4)
2.4 Forward Modeling of Polarization Transfer in Complex Random Media
85(4)
2.5 Interpretation and Decomposition of Mueller Matrices
89(6)
2.5.1 Decomposition into basic polarimetric components
89(3)
2.5.2 Experimental verification of decomposition
92(3)
2.6 Biomedical Applications of Polarimetric Measurements
95(7)
2.6.1 Quantitative glucose sensing with Stokes-Mueller polarimetry
96(3)
2.6.2 Mueller matrix quantification of structural anisotropy in tissue
99(3)
2.7 Conclusion
102(7)
3 Spatial and Temporal Frequency Domain Tissue Optical Imaging
109(28)
Amaan Mazhar
David J. Cuccia
Anthony J. Durkin
Bruce J. Tromberg
3.1 Background
110(2)
3.2 Temporal Methods for Optical Property Determination
112(2)
3.3 Spatially-Resolved Methods for Optical Property Determination
114(11)
3.3.1 Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI)
116(3)
3.3.2 Depth resolved SFDI
119(3)
3.3.3 Fluorescence SFDI
122(2)
3.3.4 Coherent light SFDI
124(1)
3.4 Summary and Future Perspectives
125(12)
4 Multiphoton Microscopy and SHG
137(30)
Riccardo Cicchi
Leonardo Sacconi
Francesco S. Pavone
4.1 Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Microscopy
137(2)
4.2 Theoretical Background of TPF and SHG
139(3)
4.2.1 Two-photon absorption
139(2)
4.2.2 Second-harmonic generation
141(1)
4.3 Spatial Resolution and Image Formation
142(2)
4.4 Technical Features of a Nonlinear Microscope
144(4)
4.4.1 Laser sources
144(1)
4.4.2 Scanning system
145(2)
4.4.3 Detection system
147(1)
4.5 Biological Applications
148(19)
4.5.1 Nonlinear imaging of skin
148(2)
4.5.2 Multi-photon imaging of bladder tissue
150(3)
4.5.3 Functional imaging by random access microscopy
153(3)
4.5.4 Probing the myosin conformation by SHG microscopy
156(11)
5 Optical Coherence Tomography: Technical Aspect
167(44)
Hrebesh M. Subhash
Ruikang K. Wang
5.1 Introduction
167(2)
5.1.1 Advantages of OCT over other imaging modalities
168(1)
5.2 Low Coherence Interferometry
169(4)
5.3 OCT Principle of Operation
173(1)
5.4 Practical Aspect of OCT System Design
174(9)
5.4.1 Axial resolution
174(1)
5.4.2 Lateral resolution
175(1)
5.4.3 Sensitivity
176(1)
5.4.4 Selection of OCT wavelength
177(1)
5.4.5 Optical sources for OCT
178(4)
5.4.6 Scanning modalities in OCT
182(1)
5.5 Different OCT Detection Schemes
183(10)
5.5.1 Time domain OCT systems
183(4)
5.5.2 Frequency domain OCT
187(6)
5.6 Functional OCT
193(4)
5.6.1 Polarization-sensitive OCT
193(1)
5.6.2 Doppler OCT
194(2)
5.6.3 Optical microangiography
196(1)
5.6.4 Spectroscopic OCT
196(1)
5.6.5 Second harmonic OCT
197(1)
5.7 Applications and New Trends in OCT
197(2)
5.7.1 Medical applications
197(1)
5.7.2 Non-medical applications
198(1)
5.7.3 New trends in OCT
198(1)
5.8 Conclusion
199(12)
6 Speckle in Optical Coherence Tomography
211(68)
Andrea Curatolo
Brendan F. Kennedy
David D. Sampson
Timothy R. Hillman
6.1 Introduction
212(2)
6.2 OCT Speckle Characteristics in the Single Scattering Regime
214(6)
6.2.1 OCT speckle: one-dimensional case
214(2)
6.2.2 OCT speckle: three-dimensional case
216(4)
6.3 OCT Speckle Statistics
220(6)
6.3.1 First-order speckle statistics
220(5)
6.3.2 Second-order speckle statistics
225(1)
6.4 OCT Image Formation Using Singly Backscattered Light: Linear System Frame-work
226(12)
6.4.1 Point spread function and coherent transfer function
227(8)
6.4.2 Speckle size: single backscattering case
235(3)
6.5 OCT Image Formation: Multiple Scattering
238(6)
6.5.1 Speckle size: multiple scattering case
242(2)
6.6 Retrieving Information from Speckle
244(13)
6.6.1 Sample discrimination by scatterer density
245(4)
6.6.2 Testing OCT image fidelity: detection of multiple scattering
249(5)
6.6.3 Functional imaging using dynamic OCT speckle
254(3)
6.7 Mitigation of OCT Speckle
257(11)
6.7.1 Experimental methods
257(6)
6.7.2 Post-processing methods
263(5)
6.8 Conclusions
268(11)
7 Optical Coherence Tomography and Light-Induced Fluorescence: Optical Slicing Plus Biochemical Probing
279(20)
Jennifer Kehlet Barton
7.1 Introduction
279(4)
7.1.1 Optical Coherence Tomography
280(1)
7.1.2 Light-induced fluorescence
281(1)
7.1.3 Motivation for dual-modality systems
282(1)
7.2 Dual-Modality System Design
283(7)
7.2.1 Light sources
283(1)
7.2.2 Fiber delivery
284(1)
7.2.3 Focusing optics
285(4)
7.2.4 Detectors
289(1)
7.2.5 Multiplexing data acquisition
289(1)
7.3 Applications
290(3)
7.3.1 Imaging of the retina
290(1)
7.3.2 Imaging of the colon
290(2)
7.3.3 Imaging of skin-equivalent models
292(1)
7.4 Conclusion
293(6)
8 Multi-Modal Tomography Combining Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) with Fluorescence Laminar Optical Tomography (FLOT)
299(22)
Chao-Wei Chen
Yu Chen
8.1 Introduction
299(1)
8.2 Combined OCT and FLOT: Instrumentation
300(1)
8.3 FLOT Theory and Image Reconstruction
301(2)
8.4 Results: Phantom Experiments and Subsurface Cancer Imaging
303(1)
8.5 Improvement of FLOT Resolution Using Angled Configuration
304(6)
8.5.1 Theoretical analysis and simulation
305(3)
8.5.2 Experimental validation
308(2)
8.6 Results; Tissue Engineering Applications
310(2)
8.7 Conclusion
312(9)
9 Advances in Blood Flow Imaging
321(66)
Susan M. Daly
Martin J. Leahy
9.1 Introduction
321(7)
9.1.1 The microvasculature and related tissue optics
323(2)
9.1.2 Clinical implications of blood flow assessments
325(3)
9.2 Review of Pioneering Modalities towards Dynamic Data
328(10)
9.2.1 Exogenous contrast mechanisms
328(1)
9.2.2 Endogenous contrast mechanisms
329(6)
9.2.3 Ultrasound
335(1)
9.2.4 Magnetic resonance imaging
336(1)
9.2.5 Positron emission tomography
337(1)
9.3 Optical Sectioning Techniques
338(20)
9.3.1 Histology: staining
338(1)
9.3.2 High resolution sectioning
339(2)
9.3.3 Micro-computed tomography
341(2)
9.3.4 Confocal and two-photon imaging
343(2)
9.3.5 Photoacoustic tomography and microscopy
345(2)
9.3.6 Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
347(5)
9.3.7 Cytometric methods
352(4)
9.3.8 Correlation spectroscopy
356(1)
9.3.9 Advancements in flow assessment in OCT
356(1)
9.3.10 Dual-beam techniques
357(1)
9.4 Conclusion
358(1)
9.5 Acknowledgment
358(29)
10 Optical Microangiography
387(36)
Hrebesh M. Subhash
Ruikang K. Wang
10.1 Introduction
387(2)
10.2 Optical Microangiography (OMAG)
389(12)
10.2.1 Theoretical aspect of OMAG
389(5)
10.2.2 Extended imaging capabilities of OMAG
394(7)
10.3 Applications of OMAG
401(7)
10.3.1 In vivo imaging of mouse cerebral blood perfusion and vascular plasticity following traumatic brain injury using OMAG
402(3)
10.3.2 Mapping retinal and choroidal microvascular perfusion
405(1)
10.3.3 Volumetric imaging of cochlear blood perfusion in rodent
406(2)
10.4 Ultra High Sensitive OMAG (UHS-OMAG)
408(6)
10.4.1 Scanning protocol and algorithm
409(2)
10.4.2 Ultra-high resolution imaging using Supercontinuum source
411(3)
10.5 Summary
414(9)
11 High-Speed Photoacoustic Tomography
423(26)
Liang Song
Zijian Guo
Lihong V. Wang
11.1 Introduction
423(2)
11.1.1 Fundamentals of photoacoustic tomography
423(2)
11.1.2 Motivations for high-speed photoacoustic tomography
425(1)
11.2 Ultrasonic Transducer Arrays and Image Formation
425(4)
11.2.1 Materials for ultrasonic transducers
425(1)
11.2.2 Ultrasonic array construction and image formation
426(3)
11.3 Photoacoustic Tomography Using Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Arrays
429(4)
11.3.1 Systems based on cylindrical or circular detection geometry
429(2)
11.3.2 Systems based on spherical or arc detection geometry
431(1)
11.3.3 Systems based on planar or linear detection geometry
431(2)
11.4 Photoacoustic Tomography Using High-Frequency Ultrasonic Arrays
433(5)
11.4.1 Acoustic-resolution systems
434(2)
11.4.2 Optical-resolution systems
436(2)
11.5 Other Variations of High-Speed Photoacoustic Tomography
438(2)
11.5.1 Optical-scanning systems
438(1)
11.5.2 Hybrid-scanning systems
439(1)
11.5.3 Voice-coil-based systems
439(1)
11.6 Conclusions
440(9)
12 Optoacoustic Molecular Imaging: Methods and Applications
449(26)
Adrian Taruttis
Vasilis Ntziachristos
12.1 Introduction
449(1)
12.2 Optoacoustic Signal Generation
450(1)
12.3 Optoacoustic Wave Propagation
451(1)
12.4 Instrumentation and Implementations
452(3)
12.4.1 Optical backward-mode detection
453(1)
12.4.2 Optoacoustic microscopy
453(2)
12.4.3 Intravascular catheters and endoscopes
455(1)
12.4.4 Flow cytometry
455(1)
12.5 Image Reconstruction and Processing
455(4)
12.5.1 Image reconstruction for optoacoustic tomography
455(1)
12.5.2 Delay-and-sum
455(1)
12.5.3 Model-based inversion
456(1)
12.5.4 Spectral unmixing
456(3)
12.6 Sources of Contrast
459(8)
12.6.1 Endogenous tissue absorption
459(2)
12.6.2 Exogenous contrast agents
461(5)
12.6.3 Reporter genes
466(1)
12.7 Conclusion
467(8)
13 Multimodal Microscopy for Comprehensive Tissue Characterizations
475(32)
Shuliang Jiao
Hao F. Zhang
13.1 Introduction
475(1)
13.2 Laser-Scanning Optical-Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy
476(4)
13.3 Fused PAM and Spectral-Domain OCT
480(2)
13.4 Fused PAM and Confocal Microscopy
482(4)
13.4.1 Spatial resolution of LSOR-PAM
483(1)
13.4.2 Spatial resolution of FOCON
484(1)
13.4.3 Phantom imaging
484(1)
13.4.4 In vivo animal imaging
485(1)
13.5 Improve the Lateral Resolution of PAM with Adaptive Optics
486(4)
13.6 Multimodal In Vivo Retinal Imaging
490(10)
13.6.1 In vivo LSOR-PAM and auto-fluorescence imaging of the retina
490(3)
13.6.2 Integrated LSOR-PAM, OCT, and SLO for in vivo retinal imaging
493(7)
13.7 Conclusion
500(7)
14 Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO)
507(52)
Yuhua Zhang
Christopher A. Girkin
Jacque L. Duncan
Austin Roorda
14.1 Introduction
507(1)
14.2 The Structural and Optical Properties of the Human Eye and the Retina
508(4)
14.2.1 The human eye
508(1)
14.2.2 The retina
509(3)
14.3 Challenges to High-Resolution Retinal Imaging
512(2)
14.4 The Imaging Characteristics of the SLO
514(2)
14.5 The Aberration of the Human Eye
516(5)
14.5.1 Mathematical expression of the ocular optical aberration
517(2)
14.5.2 The spatial property of human ocular wavefront aberrations
519(1)
14.5.3 The temporal property of human ocular wavefront aberration
519(2)
14.6 Adaptive Optics for the Human Eye
521(5)
14.6.1 Wavefront detection
521(3)
14.6.2 Wavefront correction
524(2)
14.7 AOSLO Development
526(7)
14.7.1 Optical system
526(2)
14.7.2 Optimal pinhole size
528(2)
14.7.3 Light sources
530(1)
14.7.4 Photon detection
530(2)
14.7.5 Image signal conditioning and acquisition
532(1)
14.7.6 Laser safety
533(1)
14.8 AOSLO Image Processing
533(2)
14.9 AOSLO Imaging Modes
535(5)
14.9.1 Reflectance imaging
535(1)
14.9.2 Fluorescence imaging
535(3)
14.9.3 In vivo two-photon retinal imaging
538(2)
14.10 AOSLO for Visual Stimulus Presentation
540(4)
14.10.1 AOSLO imaging of retinal function by measuring intrinsic signal
541(1)
14.10.2 Precise visual stimuli presentation
542(2)
14.11 AOSLO In Vivo Study of Retinal Degenerative Diseases
544(4)
14.12 Summary
548(11)
15 Intrinsic Optical Signal Imaging of Retinal Function at Cellular Resolution
559(22)
Xin-Cheng Yao
15.1 Introduction
559(2)
15.2 IOS Imaging Setups
561(1)
15.2.1 Ex vivo imaging system
561(1)
15.2.2 In vivo imaging system
562(1)
15.3 IOS Data Processing
562(1)
15.4 Ex Vivo IOS Imaging
563(10)
15.4.1 Preparation of isolated retinas
563(1)
15.4.2 Photodiode recording of integral IOS response in flat-mount retina
564(1)
15.4.3 High resolution IOS imaging of flat-mount retina
565(1)
15.4.4 IOS response elicited by variable strength stimuli
566(1)
15.4.5 Depth-resolved IOS imaging
566(2)
15.4.6 IOS imaging of retinal response stimulated by flicker stimulation
568(2)
15.4.7 IOS imaging of retinal slice
570(3)
15.5 In Vivo IOS Imaging
573(2)
15.6 Conclusion
575(6)
16 Isometric 3D Imaging of Cellular Samples Using Optical Projection Tomographic Microscopy
581(40)
Ryan L. Coe
Qin Miao
Kenny F. Chou
Michael G. Meyer
Eric J. Seibel
16.1 Introduction
582(1)
16.2 Theory Underlying Optical Projection Tomography Microscopy (OPTM)
583(5)
16.3 Simulation of OPTM Using Individual Microspheres Representing Single Cells
588(10)
16.3.1 Theory
589(5)
16.3.2 Determining the effect of condenser NA on imaging microspheres
594(1)
16.3.3 Potential simulation applications
595(3)
16.4 Multi-Modal Imaging of Isolated Cells for 3D Cytological Analysis
598(10)
16.4.1 Color absorption imaging
599(1)
16.4.2 Dual absorption and fluorescence imaging
599(3)
16.4.3 Advanced visualization
602(6)
16.4.4 Future horizons for single cells analysis
608(1)
16.5 Preliminary Multi-Cellular Imaging for Future Biopsy Diagnosis Using OPTM
608(6)
16.5.1 Proposed analysis of fine needle aspirates using OPTM
611(1)
16.5.2 From cytology to histology
612(2)
16.6 Conclusions
614(7)
17 Tissue Optical Clearing
621(52)
Dan Zhu
Qingming Luo
Valery V. Tuchin
17.1 Introduction
621(1)
17.2 Mechanisms of Tissue Optical Clearing
622(11)
17.2.1 Optical clearing efficacy of OCAs
622(3)
17.2.2 Physical mechanism of optical clearing
625(1)
17.2.3 Dehydration during tissue optical clearing process
626(3)
17.2.4 Molecular mechanism of optical, clearing
629(3)
17.2.5 In vivo mechanism of tissue optical clearing
632(1)
17.3 Enhancement Method of Tissue Optical Clearing
633(8)
17.3.1 Physical enhancement
634(4)
17.3.2 Chemical penetration enhancer
638(1)
17.3.3 Combination of physical and chemical enhancement
639(2)
17.4 Slicing Tissue with Optical Clearing Technique
641(8)
17.4.1 Optical clearing technique for improving imaging depth of microscopy
641(1)
17.4.2 Three-dimensional reconstruction of tissue microstructures
642(3)
17.4.3 Optical clearing technique for 3D reconstructions of neuronal networks
645(4)
17.5 In Vivo Application of Tissue Optical Clearing Technique
649(12)
17.5.1 Effects of optical clearing agents on morphology of skin
650(1)
17.5.2 Effects of optical clearing agents on microstructure of skin
651(1)
17.5.3 Effects of optical clearing agents on blood vessels and blood flow
652(4)
17.5.4 High-resolution imaging dermal blood flow through the intact rat skin
656(2)
17.5.5 Skull optical clearing for imaging cortical blood flow
658(2)
17.5.6 Therapeutic applications of tissue optical clearing
660(1)
17.6 Conclusion
661(12)
Index 673
Ruikang K. Wang, PhD, is a professor of bioengineering at the University of Washington. A fellow of the Optical Society of America, Dr. Wang has authored or co-authored more than 200 peer-reviewed journal articles, one book on optical information processing, and 12 book chapters. His research interests include biophotonics and imaging, optical coherence tomography, optical microangiography, and their applications in neurology, ophthalmology, dermatology, and cancer.

Valery V. Tuchin, PhD, holds the Optics and Biophotonics Chair and is a director of the Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics at Saratov State University. He is also head of the Laboratory on Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems at the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control and a Finland Distinguished Professor in the Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Laboratory at the University of Oulu. A SPIE fellow, Dr. Tuchin has authored numerous books and more than 300 peer-reviewed papers. His research interests include biophotonics, biomedical optics and laser medicine, and physics of optical and laser measurements.