Preface |
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xiii | |
Authors |
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xvii | |
Chapter 1 Six Degrees of Freedom Equations of Motion |
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1 | (54) |
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1.1 Definition Of Axis Systems |
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5 | (5) |
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1.1.1 Body-Fixed Axis System |
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5 | (2) |
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1.1.2 Earth-Fixed Axis System |
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7 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Wind-Fixed Axis System |
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7 | (3) |
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1.2 Definition Of Variables |
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10 | (6) |
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16 | (8) |
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1.3.1 Earth- and Body-Fixed Axes |
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17 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Earth- and Wind-Fixed Axes |
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19 | (2) |
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1.3.3 Wind- and Body-Fixed Axes |
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21 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Relation between the Body-Axis and Wind-Axis Euler Angles |
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22 | (2) |
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1.4 Relation Between Angular Velocity Vector And Euler Angle Rates |
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24 | (5) |
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1.4.1 Relation between Body-Axis Angular Velocity Components (p, q, r) and Euler Angle Rates (phi, theta, psi) |
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24 | (3) |
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1.4.2 Relation between Wind-Axis Angular Velocity Components (pw, qw, rw) and Euler Angle Rates (mu;, gamma, xi) |
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27 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Difference between the Body-Axis Angular Velocity (p, q, r) and Wind-Axis Angular Velocity (pw, qw, rw) |
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27 | (2) |
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1.5 Translational Equations Of Motion |
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29 | (5) |
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1.6 Representation Of Forces Acting On The Airplane |
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34 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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1.7 Rotational Equations Of Motion |
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38 | (4) |
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1.8 Representation Of Moments Acting On The Airplane |
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42 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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1.9 Selection Of Equations For Specific Problems |
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44 | (4) |
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1.9.1 Simulation of Arbitrary Maneuver |
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45 | (1) |
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1.9.2 Steady States Such as Level Flight, Shallow Climb/Descent, Horizontal Turn, Spin, Etc. |
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45 | (2) |
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1.9.3 Longitudinal Flight Steady States |
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47 | (1) |
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1.9.4 Constant-Velocity Flight in the Longitudinal Plane |
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47 | (1) |
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1.9.5 Constant-Velocity Rolling Maneuvers |
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48 | (1) |
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1.10 Equations Of Motion In The Presence Of Wind |
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48 | (6) |
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54 | (1) |
Chapter 2 Modeling and Interpreting the Aerodynamics |
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55 | (48) |
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2.1 Definition Of Aerodynamic Coefficients |
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55 | (2) |
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2.2 Modeling Of Aerodynamic Coefficients |
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57 | (3) |
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2.3 Static Aerodynamic Coefficient Terms |
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60 | (10) |
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2.3.1 Longitudinal Coefficients with Angle of Attack |
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60 | (4) |
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2.3.2 Lateral Coefficients with Angle of Attack and Sideslip Angle |
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64 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Variation with Mach Number |
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66 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Variation with Control Surface Deflection |
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68 | (2) |
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2.4 Dynamic Aerodynamic Coefficient Terms |
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70 | (3) |
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2.4.1 Pitching Moment Due to Relative Pitch Rate, Cmq1 |
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71 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Yawing and Rolling Moment Due to Relative Yaw Rate, Cnr1 and Clr1 |
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72 | (1) |
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2.5 Flow Curvature Coefficient Terms |
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73 | (3) |
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2.5.1 Yawing and Rolling Moment Due to Wind-Axis Yaw Rate, Cnr2 and Clr2 |
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73 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Pitching Moment Due to Wind-Axis Pitch Rate, Cmq2 |
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74 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Rolling Moment Due to Wind-Axis Roll Rate, Clp2 |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (2) |
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2.7 Sample Simulation Cases |
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78 | (24) |
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2.7.1 Example Airplane and Aerodynamic Models |
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82 | (3) |
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2.7.1.1 F-18 Low-Angle-of-Attack Model |
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82 | (1) |
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2.7.1.2 F-18/HARV High-Angle-of-Attack Model |
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83 | (1) |
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2.7.1.3 Pseudo-Steady-State Model for Rapid Rolling Maneuvers |
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83 | (2) |
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2.7.2 Example Simulation Results |
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85 | (17) |
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102 | (1) |
Chapter 3 Introduction to Dynamical Systems Theory |
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103 | (54) |
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3.1 Types Of Steady States |
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108 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Quasi-Periodic States |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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3.2 Stability Of Steady States |
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110 | (12) |
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3.2.1 Stability of Equilibrium States |
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111 | (7) |
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3.2.2 Stability of Periodic Orbits |
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118 | (4) |
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3.3 Bifurcations Of Steady States |
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122 | (14) |
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3.3.1 Stationary Bifurcations of Equilibrium States |
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125 | (6) |
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3.3.1.1 Saddle-Node Bifurcation |
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125 | (3) |
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3.3.1.2 Transcritical Bifurcation |
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128 | (1) |
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3.3.1.3 Pitchfork Bifurcation |
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129 | (1) |
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3.3.1.4 Perturbation to Transcritical and Pitchfork Bifurcations |
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130 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Hopf Bifurcation of Equilibrium States |
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131 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Bifurcations of Periodic States |
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133 | (3) |
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3.4 Continuation Algorithms |
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136 | (8) |
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3.5 Continuation Framework For Multiparameter Systems |
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144 | (12) |
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3.5.1 Scheduling the Parameters in a Multiparameter System |
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145 | (3) |
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3.5.2 Influence of Aircraft Control Parameters on Constraints |
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148 | (8) |
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156 | (1) |
Chapter 4 Longitudinal Flight Dynamics |
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157 | (30) |
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4.1 Longitudinal Steady States (Trims) |
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160 | (3) |
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4.1.1 Modeling Engine Thrust |
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161 | (2) |
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4.2 Longitudinal Trim And Stability Analysis |
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163 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Longitudinal Trim and Stability with Varying Angle of Attack |
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163 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Longitudinal Trim and Stability with Varying Throttle Setting |
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165 | (2) |
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4.3 Level Flight Trim And Stability Analysis |
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167 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Level Flight Airplane Performance |
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171 | (2) |
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4.4 Climbing/Descending Flight Trim And Stability Analysis |
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173 | (3) |
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4.5 Pull-Up And Push-Down Maneuvers |
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176 | (6) |
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4.6 Wind Effects On Longitudinal Dynamic Modes |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (2) |
Chapter 5 Longitudinal Feedback Control |
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187 | (30) |
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5.1 Generic Flight Control System |
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187 | (1) |
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5.2 Airframe, Sensor, Filter, Actuator |
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188 | (3) |
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5.3 Generic Longitudinal FCS Structure |
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191 | (3) |
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5.4 Longitudinal Flight Control Modes |
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194 | (2) |
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5.5 Longitudinal Feedback Control Law |
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196 | (8) |
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199 | (5) |
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5.6 Dynamic Inversion Control Law |
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204 | (3) |
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5.7 Closed-Loop Stability Analysis |
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207 | (8) |
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5.7.1 With Thrust Vectoring Control Included |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (2) |
Chapter 6 Lateral-Directional Flight Dynamics and Control |
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217 | (40) |
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6.1 Lateral-Directional Modes In Straight And Level Longitudinal Flight |
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218 | (7) |
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6.2 Horizontal Level Turn Trims |
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225 | (9) |
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6.2.1 Formulation and Constraints |
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226 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Parameter Schedules |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (6) |
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6.3 Nonzero Sideslip Trim And Stability Analysis |
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234 | (3) |
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6.4 Wing Rock Onset And Its Prediction |
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237 | (14) |
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6.4.1 Analytical Criterion for Wing Rock Onset |
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239 | (21) |
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6.4.1.1 Second-Order Form of the Perturbed Lateral-Directional Equations |
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243 | (3) |
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6.4.1.2 Matrix Form of the Perturbed Lateral- Directional Equations |
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246 | (1) |
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6.4.1.3 Static Instability Criterion |
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246 | (1) |
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6.4.1.4 Approximation by Hamiltonian Dynamical System |
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247 | (2) |
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6.4.1.5 Dynamic Instability Mechanism |
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249 | (2) |
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6.5 Lateral-Directional Feedback Control System |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (2) |
Chapter 7 Coupled Lateral-Longitudinal Flight Dynamics |
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257 | (46) |
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7.1 Inertia Coupled Roll Maneuvers |
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260 | (12) |
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7.1.1 Zero-Sideslip Roll Maneuvers |
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266 | (3) |
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7.1.2 Velocity-Vector Roll Maneuvers |
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269 | (3) |
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7.2 High AOA Flight Dynamics And Spin |
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272 | (10) |
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7.2.1 Analytical Criterion for Spin Susceptibility |
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277 | (5) |
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7.2.1.1 Derivation of the Criterion |
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279 | (3) |
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7.3 Bifurcation Tailoring/Trim Shaping As Control Strategy |
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282 | (7) |
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7.3.1 Linear ARI Law for Jump Prevention |
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283 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Trim Shaping for Level Flight Trims |
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285 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Rolling Pull-Down Maneuver with Zero Sideslip |
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287 | (2) |
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7.4 Control Prototyping For Recovery From Spin |
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289 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Spin Recovery Using Sliding Mode Control |
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293 | (1) |
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7.5 Carefree Maneuvering Using Sliding Mode Controller |
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294 | (8) |
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7.5.1 Minimum Radius Turn Maneuver Using Sliding Mode Controller |
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295 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Maneuver Design Based on AER |
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297 | (5) |
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302 | (1) |
Chapter 8 Dynamics and Control of a 10-Thruster Flight Vehicle |
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303 | (32) |
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8.1 Flight Dynamics Of The 10-Thruster DACS |
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303 | (5) |
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8.2 Modeling The Thruster Forces And Moments |
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308 | (2) |
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8.3 Modeling The Change In CG And Moments Of Inertia |
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310 | (2) |
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8.4 Modeling The Aerodynamic Forces And Moments |
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312 | (2) |
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8.5 Control And Guidance Framework For 10-Thruster DACS |
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314 | (2) |
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316 | (6) |
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8.6.1 Navigation Equations and Flight Path Controller |
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316 | (2) |
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8.6.2 Attitude Equations and Attitude Controller |
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318 | (1) |
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8.6.3 Rate Equations and Rate Controller |
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319 | (2) |
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8.6.4 Issue of Invertibility |
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321 | (1) |
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8.6.5 The Question of Stability |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (7) |
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8.7.1 Derivation of Dynamic Inversion-Based Guidance Law |
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323 | (6) |
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8.7.1.1 In Terms of Azimuth and Elevation Angles |
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325 | (3) |
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8.7.1.2 A Question of Invertibility |
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328 | (1) |
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8.7.1.3 Decoding the Inversion-Based Guidance Law |
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328 | (1) |
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8.8 Simulation Of 10-Thruster DACS Flight With Guidance And Control |
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329 | (5) |
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334 | (1) |
Index |
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335 | |