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Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification Second Edition [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 800 pages, Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Nov-2012
  • Kirjastus: American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics
  • ISBN-10: 1600868207
  • ISBN-13: 9781600868207
Teised raamatud teemal:
Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification Second EditionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 800 pages, Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Nov-2012
  • Kirjastus: American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics
  • ISBN-10: 1600868207
  • ISBN-13: 9781600868207
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781600868207.html
Märksõnad:
Presenting proven methods, practical guidelines, and real-world flight-test results for a wide range of state-of-the-art flight vehicles, ""Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification, Second Edition"" addresses the entire process of aircraft and rotorcraft system identification from instrumentation and flight testing to model determination, validation, and application of the results. In this highly anticipated second edition, authors Tischler and Remple have added dedicated in-depth chapters presenting extended model structures and identification results for large flexible transport aircraft, and the detailed methodology to develop a continuous full flight envelope simulation model from individual system identification models and trim test data. Topics Discussed include: Frequency-response methods that are especially well suited for system identification of flight vehicle models from flight-test data; specific guidelines for flight testing, data analysis, and the proper selection of model structure complexity; and emphasis on the importance of physical insight in model development and applications.Special features: student version of CIFER[ registered] with updated graphical user interface using MATLAB[ registered]; numerous flight-test results for both manned and unmanned vehicles illustrating the wide-ranging roles of system identification, including the analysis of flight mechanics, feedback control, handling qualities, subsystem dynamics, structural analysis, higher-order models for aircraft and rotorcraft, and simulation; and, extensive problem sets at the end of each chapter, with many exercises based on flight-test data provided for the XV-15 in hover and cruise giving the reader hands-on real-world experience with system identification methods and interpretation of the results.
List of Figures
xiii
List of Tables
xxvii
Nomenclature xxxi
Acronyms xxxviii
Preface xli
Chapter 1 Introduction and Brief History of System Identification in the Frequency Domain
1(26)
1.1 Basic Concepts of System Identification of Aircraft and Rotorcraft
1(8)
1.2 Relationship Between Simulation and System Identification
9(1)
1.3 Special Challenges of Rotorcraft System Identification
10(1)
1.4 More About the Role of Nonparametric vs Parametric Models in Flight-Vehicle System Identification
11(3)
1.5 Frequency-Response Identification Method Is Well Suited to Flight-Vehicle Development
14(6)
1.6 Role and Limitations of Flight-Mechanics Models Determined with the System-Identification Method
20(1)
1.7 Brief History of the Development of Frequency-Domain Methods for Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification
21(2)
1.8 Organization of This Book
23(4)
Problems
26(1)
Chapter 2 Frequency-Response Method for System Identification
27(32)
2.1 Road Map of Frequency-Response Method for System Identification
27(4)
2.2 Key Features of the Frequency-Response Method for Flight-Vehicle System Identification
31(6)
2.3 Frequency-Response Identification Method Applied to the XV-15 Tilt-Rotor Aircraft
37(18)
2.4 Examples of CIFER® Projects
55(4)
Problems
55(4)
Chapter 3 Description of Example Cases
59(16)
3.1 Pendulum Example Problem
59(3)
3.2 XV-15 Tilt-Rotor Aircraft
62(1)
3.3 XV-15 Dynamic Characteristics in Hover
63(1)
3.4 Measurements for Closed-Loop Hover Flight Testing
64(2)
3.5 XV-15 Test Case Database for Hover
66(2)
3.6 XV-15 Dynamic Characteristics in Cruise
68(1)
3.7 Measurements for Open-Loop Cruise Flight Testing
69(1)
3.8 XV-15 Test Case Database for Cruise
70(5)
Problems
72(3)
Chapter 4 Overview of CIFER® Software
75(18)
4.1 Basic Characteristics of the CIFER® Software
75(2)
4.2 Dataflow Through CIFER®
77(1)
4.3 CIFER® Menu
78(4)
4.4 CIFER® User Interface
82(3)
4.5 Examples of CIFER® Utilities
85(4)
4.6 Interfaces with Other Tools
89(4)
Problems
91(2)
Chapter 5 Collection of Time-History Data
93(42)
5.1 Overview of Data Requirements for System Identification (Time Domain and Frequency Domain)
93(2)
5.2 Optimal Input Design
95(1)
5.3 Recommended Pilot Inputs for the Frequency-Response Identification Method
96(3)
5.4 Instrumentation Requirements
99(3)
5.5 Overview of Piloted Frequency Sweeps
102(2)
5.6 Detailed Design of Frequency-Sweep Inputs
104(2)
5.7 Flight-Testing Considerations
106(1)
5.8 Open-Loop vs Closed-Loop Testing for Bare-Airframe Identification
107(2)
5.9 Piloted Frequency Sweeps: What IS and What IS NOT Important
109(3)
5.10 Summary of Key Points in Piloted Frequency-Sweep Technique
112(1)
5.11 Computer-Generated Sweeps
113(15)
5.12 Frequency-Response Identification from Other Types of Inputs
128(7)
Problems
132(3)
Chapter 6 Data Consistency and Reconstruction
135(28)
6.1 Modeling Measurement Errors in Flight-Test Data
136(9)
6.2 Simple Methods for Data Consistency and State Reconstruction
145(8)
6.3 Flight-Test Examples of Data Consistency Analysis Using Frequency-Response Methods
153(7)
6.4 Summary
160(3)
Problems
160(3)
Chapter 7 Single-Input/Single-Output Frequency-Response Identification Theory
163(84)
7.1 Definition of Frequency Response
164(1)
7.2 Relating the Fourier Transform of the Time Signals to the Frequency Response H(f)
165(2)
7.3 Simple Example of Frequency-Response Interpretation
167(3)
7.4 General Observations
170(1)
7.5 Calculating the Fourier Transform and Spectral Functions
171(6)
7.6 Interpreting Spectral Functions
177(2)
7.7 Frequency-Response Calculation
179(6)
7.8 Coherence Function
185(3)
7.9 Random Error in the Frequency-Response Estimate
188(3)
7.10 Window Size Selection and Tradeoffs
191(7)
7.11 Frequency-Response Identification in CIFER® Using FRESPID
198(1)
7.12 Summary of Guidelines for Frequency-Response Identification
199(1)
7.13 Pendulum Example
200(1)
7.14 Windowing Improvement and Performance Limitations of the Chirp z-Transform
201(8)
7.15 Applications and Examples
209(38)
Problems
241(6)
Chapter 8 Bare-Airframe Identification from Data with Feedback Regulation Active
247(22)
8.1 Limiting Conditions in Closed-Loop Identification
247(2)
8.2 Quantification of Bias Errors
249(2)
8.3 Bias Errors Defined
251(2)
8.4 Numerical Study of Identification Results Obtained Under Closed-Loop Conditions
253(10)
8.5 Identification of Unstable Inverted Pendulum Dynamics
263(1)
8.6 Flight-Test Implications
264(1)
8.7 Conclusions
264(5)
Problems
265(4)
Chapter 9 Multi-Input Identification Techniques
269(36)
9.1 Multi-Input Terminology
269(1)
9.2 Need for Multiple-Input Identification Technique
270(1)
9.3 Simple Two-Input Example
271(6)
9.4 Conditioned Spectral Quantities
277(2)
9.5 Example of a Two-Input Identification Solution Using the XV-15 Flight Data
279(6)
9.6 General MIMO Solution
285(3)
9.7 High Control Correlation
288(1)
9.8 Multiple-Input Identification in CIFER® Using MISOSA
289(3)
9.9 Flight-Test Example of MISO Solution for a Hovering Helicopter
292(6)
9.10 MIMO Identification Using a Multi-Input Maneuver
298(3)
9.11 Determination of Broken-Loop Response for MIMO Control System
301(4)
Problems
302(3)
Chapter 10 Composite Windowing
305(24)
10.1 Background
305(1)
10.2 Composite-Window Approach
306(3)
10.3 Choice of Window Sizes
309(1)
10.4 Composite-Window Calculations in CIFER® using COMPOSITE
309(1)
10.5 Composite-Window Results for Pendulum Example
310(1)
10.6 Composite Windowing in Single-Input and Multi-Input Analyses
310(5)
10.7 Composite-Windowing Results for XV-15 Closed-Loop SISO Roll-Response Identification in Hover
315(1)
10.8 Composite-Windowing Results for Bo-105 Helicopter MIMO Identification
315(3)
10.9 Composite Results for Structural System Identification and General Application to Lightly Damped Modes
318(3)
10.10 Special Composite Window Treatment for Identification of Helicopter/Sling-Load Dynamics
321(4)
10.11 Composite Windowing in Spectral Analysis of Time-History Signals
325(2)
10.12 Summary
327(2)
Problems
327(2)
Chapter 11 Transfer-Function Modeling
329(54)
11.1 Motivations for Transfer-Function Modeling
329(1)
11.2 Transfer-Function Modeling Identification Method
330(3)
11.3 Model Structure Selection
333(4)
11.4 SISO Transfer-Function Identification in CIFER® Using NAVFIT
337(1)
11.5 Pendulum Example
337(2)
11.6 Handling-Qualities Applications
339(20)
11.7 Flight-Mechanics Characterization Studies
359(11)
11.8 Flight-Dynamics Models for Control System Design
370(3)
11.9 Aeroelastic Model Identification
373(3)
11.10 Subsystem Component Modeling
376(3)
11.11 Summary and a Look Ahead
379(4)
Problems
380(3)
Chapter 12 State-Space Model Identification: Basic Concepts
383(36)
12.1 Background
384(1)
12.2 MIMO State-Space Model Identification Using the Frequency-Response Method
385(7)
12.3 Accuracy Analysis
392(10)
12.4 Key Features of the Frequency-Response Method for State-Space Model Identification
402(2)
12.5 State-Space Model Structure
404(6)
12.6 State-Space Model Identification in CIFER® Using DERIVID
410(1)
12.7 Pendulum Example
410(3)
12.8 Identification of an XV-15 Closed-Loop State-Space Model
413(6)
Problems
416(3)
Chapter 13 State-Space Model Identification: Physical Model Structures
419(84)
13.1 Background
420(2)
13.2 Buildup Approach to Developing the Appropriate Physical Model Structure
422(1)
13.3 Equations of Motion for Flight Vehicles
423(3)
13.4 Model Formulation in a State-Space Structure
426(7)
13.5 Frequency-Response Database and Frequency Ranges
433(5)
13.6 Checking the Initial Model Setup
438(1)
13.7 Model Identification and Structure Reduction
439(2)
13.8 Identification of Three-DOF Lateral/Directional Model for XV-15 in Cruise
441(14)
13.9 Identification of Three-DOF Lateral/Directional Model for XV-15 in Hover
455(10)
13.10 Control System Design and Robustness Analysis for Parametric Uncertainties
465(4)
13.11 Accurate Determination of Stability and Control Derivatives from Non-linear Simulation Using System Identification
469(5)
13.12 Identification of a Three-DOF Longitudinal Model of a Fixed-Wing UAV
474(8)
13.13 System Identification of a Six-DOF MIMO Model of a Lightweight Manned Helicopter
482(21)
Problems
499(4)
Chapter 14 Time-Domain Verification of Identification Models
503(18)
14.1 Motivation for Time-Domain Verification
503(1)
14.2 Time-Domain Verification Method
504(2)
14.3 Estimating the Constant Bias and Reference Shift
506(3)
14.4 Correlation Problem
509(1)
14.5 Data Conditioning for Time-Domain Verification
510(1)
14.6 Time-Domain Verification in CIFER® Using VERIFY
511(1)
14.7 Closed-Loop Transfer-Function Model Verification for XV-15
511(1)
14.8 Bare-Airframe Model Verification for Cruise (XV-15)
511(6)
14.9 Bare-Airframe Model Verification for Hover (XV-15)
517(4)
Problems
519(2)
Chapter 15 Higher-Order Modeling of Coupled Rotor/Fuselage Dynamics
521(54)
15.1 Background and Literature on Identification of Extended Helicopter Models
521(2)
15.2 Hybrid Model Formulation
523(14)
15.3 Hybrid Model Identification of SH-2G Helicopter
537(26)
15.4 Lead-Lag Dynamics Identification for S-92 and UH-60 Helicopters
563(4)
15.5 Explicit Engine/Governor Identification of the UH-60A Helicopter
567(8)
Problems
572(3)
Chapter 16 Extended Models of Large Flexible Transport Aircraft
575(70)
16.1 Background and Literature on Identification Including Structural Dynamics
576(4)
16.2 Flight-Test Methods
580(7)
16.3 Frequency Response Identification
587(3)
16.4 Simple Extended Flight Control Model
590(9)
16.5 Model Structure and Identification of Extended MIMO Models
599(26)
16.6 Hybrid Flexible Model Identification of a Large Flexible Transport Aircraft
625(15)
16.7 Conclusions
640(5)
Problems
641(4)
Chapter 17 Development of a Continuous Full Flight-Envelope Simulation from System Identification Models
645(74)
17.1 Typical Variations of Fixed-Wing and Rotorcraft Characteristics over the Flight Envelope
646(29)
17.2 Model Stitching
675(15)
17.3 Full Flight-Envelope Simulation from UH-60 Higher-Order Linear Models
690(5)
17.4 Full Flight-Envelope Simulation of the Bell 206 Helicopter from Flight-Test Identification
695(24)
Problems
716(3)
Appendix A Summary of Suggested Guidelines 719(6)
Appendix B Index of Aircraft and Rotorcraft Examples 725(6)
References 731(18)
Index 749(12)
Supporting Materials 761
Mark B. Tischler, a Senior Technologist at the Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate at NASA Ames Research Center, is closely involved in strategic planning of future Army rotorcraft research programs. He received a BS and MS in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Maryland, and a Ph.D. from the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Stanford University. He led development of CIFER[ registered] and CONDUIT[ registered], two software tools widely used in aircraft system identification and flight control system design optimization, and has authored or co-authored over 110 technical papers and three books. He is an Associate Fellow of AIAA and a Technical Fellow of the American Helicopter Society. Robert K. Remple works for the University of California - Santa Cruz as a Senior Technical Writer supporting the University Affiliated Research Center (UARC) at NASA Ames Research Center. His work focuses on technical documentation, software validation, and technology transfer. He earned an MS in Mathematics from Stanford University.