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Alarm Management: A Comprehensive Guide [Pehme köide]

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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 260 pages, kaal: 523 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jan-2011
  • Kirjastus: ISA
  • ISBN-10: 193600755X
  • ISBN-13: 9781936007554
Teised raamatud teemal:
Alarm Management: A Comprehensive GuideSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 260 pages, kaal: 523 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jan-2011
  • Kirjastus: ISA
  • ISBN-10: 193600755X
  • ISBN-13: 9781936007554
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781936007554.html
Märksõnad:
The 2006 first edition was published first as The Alarm Management Handbook, then as Alarm Management: Seven Effective Methods for Optimum Performance. The first book on alarm management, it summarized the current body of practical knowledge for improving and optimizing the performance of modern alarm management systems. The second edition incorporates growth and change in the alarm business, notably the establishment of the ANSI/ISA-18.2 alarm management standard. The core methods are philosophy, baseline and benchmarking, bad actor analysis and solution, documentation and rationalization, auditing and enforcement, advanced real-time solutions, and improving control and maintenance. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
In Memoriam vii
Acknowledgments ix
Foreword xxi
Introduction 1(4)
Alarm Management Best Practices: Highly Condensed
5(6)
1.1 The Alarm Problem
5(1)
1.2 People Who Can Help
6(1)
1.3 The ANSI/ISA-18.2-2009 Alarm Management Standard
6(1)
1.4 Seven Steps to a Highly Effective Alarm System
7(3)
1.5 Summary
10(1)
The History and Nature of the Alarm Problem
11(8)
2.1 How Did We Get in This Mess?
11(4)
2.2 Where are We Now?
15(1)
2.3 Regulatory Agencies and Alarm Management
16(3)
How Do You Justify Alarm Management?
19(6)
3.1 Economic Justification of Alarm Management
19(1)
3.2 Analogy to Advanced Process Control
20(1)
3.3 Analogy to Safety Systems
21(1)
3.4 Incident Analysis
22(2)
3.5 Liability
24(1)
3.6 Aging Workforce
24(1)
3.7 Summary
24(1)
Common DCS and SCADA Alarm Display Capabilities---and Their Misuse
25(10)
4.1 DCS and SCADA Alarm System Capabilities
25(1)
4.2 The Alarm Display
26(1)
4.3 Custom Graphics---Alarm-Related Guidelines
27(2)
4.4 The Nature of Alarm Priority
29(1)
4.5 Alarm Priority and Color
30(1)
4.6 Alarm Priority and Sound
31(2)
4.7 Alarm Priority Distribution
33(1)
4.8 Alarm Priority Distribution and Process Control Capability
34(1)
Step 1 The Alarm Philosophy
35(28)
5.1 The Alarm Philosophy Document
35(2)
5.2 What Should Be An Alarm?
37(1)
5.3 The Basic and Proper Principles of Alarming
38(1)
5.4 Poor Alarm Practices
39(5)
5.5 Alarm Philosophy Customization
44(1)
5.6 Specific Alarm Design Considerations
45(1)
5.7 Alarms Used to Prevent Harm to Personnel
45(1)
5.8 Alarms from Instrument Malfunctions (Diagnostic Alarms)
46(3)
5.9 Use and Abuse of Combination Alarms
49(1)
5.10 Alarm Placement
50(1)
5.11 Redundant Sensors, Voting, and Shutdown Systems
51(3)
5.12 Safety System (or ESD) Alarm Priority
54(1)
5.13 Safety System (ESD) Bypass/Testing Alarms
54(1)
5.14 External Devices Alarms---An Engineering Love Story
55(2)
5.15 Alarms from Fieldbus-type Devices
57(1)
5.16 Alarm Generation by Programs
57(1)
5.17 Alarms to Initiate Manual Tasks
58(2)
5.18 DCS System Diagnostic Alarms
60(1)
5.19 Point and Program References to Alarms
60(1)
5.20 Operator Messaging Systems
61(2)
Step 2 Baseline and Benchmarking of Alarm System Performance
63(44)
6.1 Operator Alarm Handling Capacity
63(2)
6.2 Operator Span of Control and Multiple Operators
65(1)
6.3 Alarms are Not Created Equally
66(2)
6.4 The History of Alarm Analysis
68(1)
6.5 Alarm System Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
69(3)
6.6 Alarms per Day
72(1)
6.7 Alarms per Ten Minutes
73(1)
6.8 Alarm Floods
74(2)
6.9 Alarms Likely to Have Been Missed
76(3)
6.10 Most Frequent Alarms
79(1)
6.11 Alarm Priority Distribution
80(3)
6.12 Chattering Alarms
83(2)
6.13 Alarms by Type
85(1)
6.14 Alarm Suppression
86(2)
6.15 Stale Alarms
88(1)
6.16 Changes Requiring Management-of-Change Procedures
88(1)
6.17 Analyses Involving Alarm Acknowledgement
89(2)
6.18 The Alarm Management Champion
91(1)
6.19 Alarm Performance Reports
91(1)
6.20 Alarm Performance Numbers: Are You a Special Case?
92(4)
6.21 Alarm Configuration Analysis
96(1)
6.22 Configured Alarm Priorities by Alarm Type
97(1)
6.23 Configured Alarm Ratio
97(1)
6.24 Alarm System Performance Levels
97(3)
6.25 Specific Alarm System Improvement Plans
100(2)
6.26 Analysis of Operator Actions
102(1)
6.27 Controller Mode Changes
103(1)
6.28 Controller Setpoint Changes
104(1)
6.29 Overall Operator Change Rate
104(2)
6.30 Correlation of Operator Actions and Alarms
106(1)
Step 3 Alarm Bad Actor Analysis and Solution
107(20)
7.1 Common Alarm Problems and How to Solve Them
107(1)
7.2 Expected Results from Bad Actor Resolution
108(1)
7.3 Chattering and Fleeting Alarms
109(1)
7.4 Alarm Deadband
110(2)
7.5 Process Value Filtering and Alarms
112(3)
7.6 Delay Time Analysis and Alarms
115(7)
7.7 Other Frequent Alarms
122(1)
7.8 Suppressed Alarms
122(1)
7.9 Stale (Long-Standing) Alarms
122(1)
7.10 Duplicate Alarms
123(1)
7.11 Nuisance Bad Measurement Alarms
123(2)
7.12 Summary
125(2)
Step 4 Alarm Documentation and Rationalization (D&R)
127(30)
8.1 D&R Overview
127(2)
8.2 D&R Participation and Reference Information
129(1)
8.3 Every Alarm Has a Constituency
130(1)
8.4 The Alarm Rationalization Grids
130(1)
8.5 Areas of Impact and Severity of Consequences
131(3)
8.6 Special Guidelines: Probability
134(1)
8.7 Special Guidelines: Multiple Failures
134(1)
8.8 Maximum Time Available for Response and Correction
135(4)
8.9 Priority Determination Grid
139(1)
8.10 Critical Priority
140(1)
8.11 Alarms Specified by Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) Teams
140(1)
8.12 Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Alarms
140(1)
8.13 Diagnostic Alarms and Other Special Priorities
141(1)
8.14 Alarm Setpoint Determination
141(1)
8.15 Alarm Documentation
142(1)
8.16 The Master Alarm Database
143(1)
8.17 Alarm Classification
144(1)
8.18 After the D&R---Implementation of Changes
144(1)
8.19 Training
145(1)
8.20 D&R---Expected Duration, Costs, and Helpful Advice
146(1)
8.21 Helpful Hints for Conducting a D&R
147(2)
8.22 Common Action Items from a D&R
149(1)
8.23 Staged Approaches to Alarm Rationalization
150(1)
8.24 Staged Alarm Rationalization Methodology Details
151(5)
5.25 Expected Results from Staged Rationalization
156(1)
Step 5 Alarm Auditing and Enforcement
157(8)
9.1 The Entropy of an Alarm System
157(1)
9.2 Control System Alarm Change
158(1)
9.3 The Dangers of Alarm Suppression
159(3)
9.4 Alarm Auditing and Enforcement (A&E)
162(3)
Step 6 Advanced, Real-Time Alarm Solutions
165(14)
10.1 Application of Advanced Alarm Management Solutions
165(1)
10.2 Alarm Shelving
165(2)
10.3 State-Based Alarming
167(3)
10.4 Guidelines for Implementation of State-Based Alarming
170(1)
10.5 State Detection Logic
171(1)
10.6 Recommendations for Shutdown State Alarm Settings
172(1)
10.7 Alarm Flood Suppression
173(1)
10.8 Design of a Flood Suppression Strategy
173(2)
10.9 Operator-Adjustable Alarms
175(1)
10.10 Operator Alert Systems
176(1)
10.11 Alarm Handling Software---Write Your Own?
177(2)
Step 7 The Control and Maintenance of Alarm System Improvements
179(4)
11.1 Management of Change of Alarm Systems
179(1)
11.2 Advanced Alarm Monitoring and KPIs
180(1)
11.3 Annual Audits
181(2)
Understanding and Applying ANSI/ISA-18.2: Management of Alarms for the Process Industries
183(16)
12.1 Purpose and Scope
184(1)
12.2 Does ANSI/ISA-18.2 Apply to You?
184(1)
12.3 Definitions in ANSI/ISA-18.2
185(1)
12.4 Alarm State Transitions
185(2)
12.5 The Alarm Management Life Cycle
187(1)
12.6 Life Cycle Stages vs. Activities
187(2)
12.7 Seven Steps vs. Life Cycle Stages
189(1)
12.8 The Alarm Philosophy Life Cycle Stage
190(1)
12.9 Alarm Classification
190(1)
12.10 Highly Managed Alarms
191(1)
12.11 The Alarm System Requirements Specification (ASRS)
191(1)
12.12 The Alarm Identification Life Cycle Stage
192(1)
12.13 The Alarm Rationalization Life Cycle Stage
192(1)
12.14 The Basic Alarm Design Life Cycle Stage
193(1)
12.15 Human-Machine Interface Design for Alarm Systems
193(1)
12.16 Enhanced and Advanced Alarm Methods
194(1)
12.17 The Implementation Life Cycle Stage
194(1)
12.18 The Operation Life Cycle Stage
194(1)
12.19 The Maintenance Life Cycle Stage
195(1)
12.20 The Monitoring and Assessment Life Cycle Stage
195(1)
12.21 The Management of Change Life Cycle Stage
196(1)
12.22 The Audit Life Cycle Stage
197(1)
12.23 Summary
197(2)
The Future of Alarm Management
199(8)
13.1 A Grim Reminder
199(1)
13.2 A Conversation
200(1)
13.3 A Knowledge Worker
200(1)
13.4 A Vision for 2020
201(1)
13.5 Transforming the Role of the Knowledge Worker Operator
201(3)
13.6 Integrated HMI
204(1)
13.7 Robust Basic Process Controls
205(1)
13.8 Comprehensive Alarm Management
205(1)
13.9 Automation and Information Systems Integrity
205(1)
13.10 Safe Production Knowledge Retention and Decision Support
206(1)
13.11 Summary
206(1)
The Death of the Lightbox
207(10)
A1.1 Advantages of a Lightbox
208(1)
A1.2 Observations
208(1)
A1.3 Loss of View
208(2)
A1.4 Alarm Configuration Security
210(1)
A1.5 Disadvantages of a Lightbox
210(1)
A1.6 Proper Implementation of a Lightbox with a DCS
211(1)
A1.7 The Death of a Lightbox
212(1)
A1.8 Lightbox Rationales
212(3)
A1.9 What About ANSI/ISA-18.2 and Lightboxes?
215(1)
A1.10 Conclusion
216(1)
Alarm Data Types
217(8)
A2.1 Alarm Data Types
217(1)
A2.2 Alarm States and Alarm Records
217(1)
A2.3 Alarm Occurrence Records
218(1)
A2.4 Alarm Return-to-Normal Records
219(1)
A2.5 Alarm Acknowledgement Records
219(1)
A2.6 Other Alarm Records
220(1)
A2.7 Alarm Attributes (Setting and Configuration Information)
220(1)
A2.8 Alarm Attribute Information
220(1)
A2.9 Alarm Attribute Changes
221(1)
A2.10 Records of Incremental Changes
221(1)
A2.11 Records of Bulk Changes
221(1)
A2.12 Methodologies for Obtaining Alarm Data
221(1)
A2.13 Operator Change Events
222(1)
A2.14 Printer Port or Printer Emulation
222(1)
A2.15 System Databases or Files
223(1)
A2.16 OPC
223(1)
A2.17 Custom Software
224(1)
An Example Alarm Philosophy
225(10)
Operator Effectiveness
235(18)
A4.1 The Fundamentals of Operator Effectiveness
235(1)
A4.2 High Performance HMI (Operator Graphics)
235(1)
A4.3 Graphics Principles
236(2)
A4.4 Use a Proper Hierarchy of Graphics
238(1)
A4.5 Level 1---Process Area Overview Displays
239(1)
A4.6 Level 2---Process Unit Control Displays
240(1)
A4.7 Level 3---Process Unit Detail and Support Displays
241(1)
A4.8 Level 4---Process Unit Support and Diagnostic Display
241(1)
A4.9 Trends are Essential
242(1)
A4.10 Navigation and Functionality
242(1)
A4.11 Hardwired Switches
243(1)
A4.12 Seven Steps for Creating a High Performance HMI
244(1)
A4.13 Control Loop Performance Optimization
244(1)
A4.14 Benefits of Robust Controls
245(1)
A4.15 Seven Steps of Optimizing Control System Performance
245(8)
References 253(4)
Index of Terms 257
Bill Hollifield is the Principal Consultant at PAS responsible for the Alarm Management work processes and products, intellectual property, and software product directions.He is a voting member of the ISA SP-18 Alarm Management committee.

||Eddie Habibi is the Founder and CEO of Houston-based PAS. Prior to establishing PAS, Eddie held various positions at Schlumberger and Honeywell International.