| Preface for Instructors |
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iii | |
| About the Editor |
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xxxvi | |
| Introduction: Expressing Opinions with Clarity, Confidence, and Civility |
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1 | (46) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (2) |
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From Discussion to Writing |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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What Is "Correct English"? |
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12 | (1) |
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Writing as a Public Activity |
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13 | (3) |
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The American Political Spectrum: A Brief Survey |
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16 | (3) |
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Free, Open, and Civil Discussion: The Challenges Today |
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19 | (3) |
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Writing for the Classroom: Two Annotated Student Essays |
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22 | (11) |
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The Many Paths to Success - with or without a College Education |
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23 | (5) |
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28 | (4) |
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Student Writer At Work: Erika Gallion |
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32 | (1) |
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The Visual Expression of Opinion |
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33 | (4) |
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33 | (1) |
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Joe Rosenthal, Flag Raising at Iwo Jima (Photograph) |
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34 | (1) |
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Thomas E. Franklin, Three Firefighters Raising the Flag (Photograph) |
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35 | (1) |
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Alan Diaz, Elian Gonzalez (Photograph) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (3) |
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Government Listens to Its Citizens |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (2) |
| 1 Language: Do Words Matter? |
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47 | (28) |
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Do the words we use matter? Does it make any difference if we say girl or woman, handicapped or disabled? |
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Can words harm individuals and society? |
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How careful do we need to be when we speak today? |
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In Brief - Sound Bites: What's in a Name? |
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48 | (3) |
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A series of "sound bites" offers a range of opinion on the controversial name of the Washington, DC, football team. |
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51 | (4) |
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A leading humorist pokes serious fun at a commonly used expression. |
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Women: Stop Apologizing; Be Confident (Student Essay) |
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55 | (4) |
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A Pepperdine University student argues that sorry is one word that women should try to avoid. |
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Looking Closely: Establishing Your Main Point |
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59 | (1) |
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Student Writer At Work: Sarah Elliott |
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60 | (1) |
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Tell Us What to Call the Generation after Millennials (Please) (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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61 | (3) |
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What do you think America's youngest generation should be called? |
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What's Wrong with Hitler Comparisons? |
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64 | (5) |
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A historian says that we should stop and think before comparing anyone to Hitler. |
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America Then... 1951: That Word Black |
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69 | (4) |
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"What is wrong with black?" asks one of the nation's greatest writers. |
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73 | (2) |
| 2 Free Speech: Is It Endangered on Campus? |
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75 | (28) |
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Should a university serve as a forum for robust, unflinching dialogue on public issues? |
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Or is the old liberal ideal of free and open discussion a thing of the past? |
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Do colleges today need to worry about what content is appropriate and what isn't? |
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In Brief - Open Letter: The James Madison Program In American Ideals And Institutions, Think for Yourself: Some Thoughts and Advice for Our Students and All Students |
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77 | (2) |
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A few Ivy League professors offer students everywhere some advice about forming their own opinions. |
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There Are No Good Alternatives to Free Speech on Campus |
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79 | (6) |
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Two Cornell University psychologists ask, "What specific topics are off-limits on college campuses today?" |
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Eight Ways College Students' Views on Free Speech Are Evolving (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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85 | (3) |
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A poll reveals generational differences in attitudes toward freedom of speech. |
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88 | (4) |
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The American Civil Liberties Union |
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The American Civil Liberties Union is perhaps our most trusted protector of free speech. |
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What is its policy toward campus speech? |
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A Need for Safe Spaces (Student Essay) |
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92 | (3) |
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A University of Idaho student defines "safe spaces"and explains when they are justified and when they're not. |
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Looking Closely: Moving From Specific To General |
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95 | (1) |
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America Then...1997: A Civic Duty to Annoy |
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96 | (5) |
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A prominent First Amendment advocate reminds us that the debate over free expression has been going on in schools for many years. |
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101 | (2) |
| 3 U.S. History: How Do We Remember Our Past? |
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103 | (32) |
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Can we hold figures from the past accountable for behavior considered acceptable in their time but not today? |
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For example, should statues of famous people who owned slaves be toppled, even though the practice was legal in their day and even if their national contributions were outstanding? |
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These are difficult questions in any era, but in today's society, with its ideals of diversity and inclusiveness, the debates can grow heated. |
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In Brief - Cartoon: Bill Bramhall, Mt. Rushmore: Student Activists Demanded Their Removal |
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105 | (1) |
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A noted political cartoonist envisions what might happen to one of the nation's most respected monuments if student activists have their way. |
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106 | (5) |
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Before we take down all offensive monuments, a historian warns, "Let's do nuance: Where do we start, and where do we stop?" |
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Are Southerners Losing Support for the Confederate Flag? (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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111 | (2) |
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A recent poll shows that Southerners no longer take pride in the Confederate flag. Or does it? |
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When Does Renaming a Building Make Sense? (Student Essay) |
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113 | (6) |
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A Yale student participates in a movement to "preserve history without perpetuating inequality and prejudice." |
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Looking Closely: Effective Argument: Organizing Points Systematically |
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119 | (1) |
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Student Writer At Work: Dasia Moore |
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120 | (1) |
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As Confederate Flags Fall, Columbus Statues Stand Tall |
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121 | (8) |
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What do we do about one of the most honored, yet divisive, historical figures of all? A journalism professor wonders why-despite so many protests-"Columbus statues continue to stand tall as enduring symbols of racism beyond the reach of change." |
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America Then...1493: Violence in the Virgin Islands |
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129 | (4) |
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"We pulled him aboard where we cut off his head with an axe": A friend of Columbus who sailed with him to the Virgin Islands offers a firsthand report of a violent encounter with the native population. |
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133 | (2) |
| 4 Immigration: Is It Our Most Serious Issue? |
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135 | (32) |
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The U.S. has long been considered a land of immigrants, a country that not only welcomed the foreign-born but offered them the opportunities to thrive. |
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Yet that ideal often falls short, and from time to time-especially during economic downturns and global conflicts-the welcome mat appears to be removed from the nation's doorstep. |
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Is the system broken? Is immigration the nation's most urgent problem? |
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In Brief - Etymology: Why Did We Ever Call Undocumented Immigrants "Aliens"? |
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136 | (2) |
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"How did 'alien' come to be a term for immigrants in the first place?" |
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138 | (6) |
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An award-winning novelist reflects on what the word "assimilation" really means. |
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Say It Right: When People Mispronounce Your Name (Student Essay) |
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144 | (4) |
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Why might hearing your name constantly mispronounced make you angry? |
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Looking Closely: Posing A Question |
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148 | (1) |
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Student Writer At Work: Sravya Tadepalli |
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149 | (1) |
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Birthright Citizenship Is the Good Kind of American Exceptionalism |
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150 | (5) |
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A prominent historian explains why amending the Fourteenth Amendment to deny citizenship to any person born here is a bad idea. |
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The Immigration Mess (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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155 | (2) |
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A noted pollster asks, Can we find common ground and fix America's broken immigration system? |
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Solidarity Abolishes Borders |
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157 | (5) |
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A political writer outlines a grassroots movement to abolish borders and create a world community. |
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America Then... 1883: The New Colossus |
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162 | (3) |
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Once it stirred the hearts of millions, but does the famous poem engraved on the pedestal of our Statue of Liberty have an impact today? |
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165 | (2) |
| 5 Identity: How Does It Shape Our Sense of Self? |
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167 | (32) |
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If you ever saw TV commercials for Ancestry.com, you will notice how obsessed Americans seem to be with ethnic and national identities. |
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Why do so many people get excited when their DNA indicates they are part Irish, Scandinavian, or Native American? |
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Does such identity truly define someone? |
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Can our identity be both a blessing and a burden? |
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And does today's notion of "identity politics" help us mutually understand each other or divide us further? |
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In Brief-Proposal: A New High School Course: Identity 101 168 Students need to begin studying cultural identity, argues a well-known Chinese American writer. |
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Native in the Twenty-First Century |
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169 | (5) |
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"I've always been Native first and American second," writes a distinguished member of the Standing Rock Sioux. |
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174 | (6) |
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A Pakistani American woman describes the complications of wearing her hijab. |
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180 | (1) |
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A controversial poster seeks to fight prejudice with humor. |
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181 | (4) |
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A Portland, Oregon, university student with a diverse and complicated background describes the identity issues of "cultural straddlers" like himself. |
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Looking Closely: Describing A Defining Moment |
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185 | (1) |
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Student Writer At Work: Tadeu Velloso |
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186 | (1) |
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Submerged in a Din of Identity Politics |
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187 | (4) |
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A popular columnist thinks the "melting pot" is boiling over into an "indigestible stew" |
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What Makes an American? (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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191 | (2) |
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A journalist writing for Humanist magazine interprets a recent survey taken by the Public Religion Research Institute. |
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America Then... 1782: The Melting Pot |
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193 | (4) |
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J. Hector St. Jean De Crevecoeur |
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"What then is the American?" A famous essayist asked this question just a few years after the nation was founded. |
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197 | (2) |
| 6 Race: Why Does It Still Matter? |
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199 | (38) |
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With the groundbreaking election of the first African American president in 2008 and with his reelection in 2012, it appeared that the U.S. had finally set its disturbing racial history aside and entered, as many called it, a "postracial society." |
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And yet recent years have witnessed anything but, as spontaneous protests and organized movements-largely provoked by police shootings-constantly called attention to the nation's ongoing racial strife. |
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How deeply has the issue of race affected America's consciousness? |
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In Brief - Prose Poem: You and Your Partner... |
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200 | (1) |
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An award-winning poet subtly demonstrates how race insinuates itself into ordinary moments of everyday life. |
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White America's Racial Illiteracy: Why Our National Conversation Is Poisoned from the Start |
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201 | (8) |
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The author of What Does It Mean to Be White? Explains why white Americans cannot engage in "meaningful conversations about race." |
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209 | (3) |
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A poet and professor examines the struggles of African American students on college campuses. |
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Why Students Should Care about Affirmative Action (Student Essay) |
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212 | (4) |
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At a time when affirmative action programs appear threatened, a North Carolina State student explains why we still need them. |
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Looking Closely: Conceding the Merits of an Opposing Viewpoint |
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216 | (1) |
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America's Original Sin: Slavery and the Legacy of White Supremacy |
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217 | (9) |
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A major historian insists that America "must come to grips" with the ways slavery and white supremacy have defined our culture and society. |
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Black and Biracial Americans Wouldn't Need to Code-Switch If We Lived in a Post-Racial Society (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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226 | (3) |
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A sociologist uses a recent popular movie to explain the burdens of code-switching. |
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America Then...1986: Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space |
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229 | (6) |
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A classic essay explores the realms of racism and fear. |
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235 | (2) |
| 7 Guns: Can the Second Amendment Survive? |
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237 | (36) |
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Given the incidents of gun violence in this country, should Americans retain the right to own guns? |
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Does our public safety demand that we curb gun ownership? |
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Or would legislation prohibiting or restricting gun ownership violate the Second Amendment of the Constitution? |
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In Brief-Poem: New Law Makes Local Poet Nervous |
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238 | (2) |
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In light of open-carry laws, an Oklahoma poet explores her own fear of guns. |
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End the Gun Epidemic in America |
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240 | (3) |
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The New York Times Editorial Board |
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For the New York Times, the issue is so urgent that it ran an editorial opposing guns on its front page-the first time an editorial had appeared there in nearly a century. |
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Allowing Guns Won't Make Campuses Safer |
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243 | (4) |
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With so many deadly shootings on campuses, should students and faculty be allowed to carry guns? A Pennsylvania college president says that allowing this would only increase dangers. |
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We Should Be Allowed to Protect Ourselves (Student Essay) |
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247 | (4) |
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In an opposing view to Fry's essay, a California State University, Sacramento, student thinks that permitting students to carry firearms would instead increase security and perhaps prevent another massacre. |
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Looking Closely: Effective Openings: Establishing A Clear Context For An Argument |
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251 | (1) |
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Student Writer At Work: Brittney Christ |
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252 | (1) |
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Stop Saying We Can't Do Anything to Stop Mass Shootings. We Can. |
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253 | (4) |
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In the aftermath of yet another mass shooting, a Chicago journalist urgently asks why it seems nothing is ever done to help prevent gun violence in America. |
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257 | (4) |
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A popular columnist offers a suggestion that may help stop the contagion of gun-related mass killings: what if the media didn't release the identity of the murderers? |
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Ten Takeaways about Americans' View of Guns (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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261 | (3) |
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A recent Gallup poll succinctly gauges the public's attitudes toward gun control. |
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America Then... 1981: A Well-Regulated Militia |
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264 | (6) |
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A former World War II infantryman and eighteenth-century scholar carefully dissects the peculiar wording of our constitutional right to "keep and bear Arms" |
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270 | (3) |
| 8 Feminism Today: What Are the Challenges? |
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273 | (26) |
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Recent events have made it clear to many that-despite the enormous successes of the feminist movement over the years-women have still not achieved full equality. |
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In the workplace, in the home, and in society women persistently face disadvantages. |
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How can all the playing fields be leveled? |
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Are men and women necessarily enemies? |
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Does the commercial exploitation of feminism actually damage the cause? |
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What have women gained from the #MeToo movement? |
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In Brief-Advertisement: We Should All Be Feminists |
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274 | (1) |
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Can a T-shirt rally everyone to the feminist cause? |
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275 | (4) |
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A sociology professor publishes one of the most controversial essays of the year. |
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279 | (5) |
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A journalist wonders if mothers of sons are the solution to the #MeToo movement. |
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Barbie Is Exploiting Frida Kahlo's Legacy (Student Essay) |
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284 | (3) |
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A Pasadena City College student is appalled by Barbie's latest incarnation. |
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Looking Closely: Effective Persuasion: Expressing an Opinion Clearly and Emphatically |
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287 | (1) |
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The Psychology of Mansplaining (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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288 | (4) |
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Elizabeth Aura McClintock |
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A psychology professor examines an old phenomenon that has recently received a new name: "mansplaining." |
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Will McPhail, Mansplaining (Cartoon) |
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292 | (1) |
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In one image, a New Yorker cartoonist"explains"mansplaining. |
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America Then... 1972: I Want A Wife |
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292 | (5) |
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A classic essay takes a sharp look at a woman's life in the early days of feminism. |
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297 | (2) |
| 9 Gender: What Are the Issues Today? |
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299 | (28) |
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With the rise of the feminist movement in the 1970s, the term gender took on increasing importance as a way to distinguish between one's biological sex and the sociopolitical construction of that sex. |
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And with the rise of the LGBTQ+ movement, the word has taken on greater significance as society grows more accustomed to a more fluid and less stereotypical way of characterizing people. |
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In Brief - Report: The Word Of The Year Is Singular They |
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301 | (2) |
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A recent conference on the English language viewed identity as more important than traditional grammar. |
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How #MeToo Taught Me I Can Never Bea Man |
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303 | (4) |
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A writer who identifies as male explains why growing up female made it impossible for him to behave like most men. |
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A Narrowing Definition of Gender Will Marginalize Trans, lntersex Communities (Student Essay) |
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307 | (4) |
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We will marginalize transgender individuals if we refuse to make a distinction between "sex"and "gender," argues a University of Houston student. |
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Looking Closely: Making Distinctions |
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311 | (1) |
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Student Writer At Work: Adison Eyring |
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312 | (1) |
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Poll: Approval of Same-Sex Marriage in U.S. Reaches New High (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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313 | (2) |
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USA Today reports on a recent Gallup poll that shows support for same-sex marriage has reached its highest level since the firm began gathering data in 1996. |
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Boy or Girl? Parents Raising "Theybies" Let Kids Decide |
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315 | (6) |
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Who are "theybies," and will they start a new trend in parenting? |
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America Then... 1995: Why Boys Don't Play With Dolls |
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321 | (5) |
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A prominent poet and essayist wonders just how long traditional sex roles will persist. |
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326 | (1) |
| 10 The News Media: How Well Does It Serve the Public? |
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327 | (24) |
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A healthy democracy depends upon an informed citizenry. |
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But where does reliable information come from? |
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Since we can't always depend on people in government-who usually have their own special interests to pursue-we tend to depend on the news media, trusting that they will be a source of accurate and unbiased information. |
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That is why the First Amendment protects the rights to "freedom of speech, or of the press." |
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Yet, how much trust can we put in the press? |
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How politically biased are today's media? |
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Are we drowning in "fake news"? |
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Or is "fake news" itself another way to discredit news organizations that are doing their best to inform the public? |
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In Brief - How To Spot Fake News: How To Spot Fake News |
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329 | (2) |
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The International Federation Of Library Associations |
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An infographic offers some practical advice on how to navigate a world of bewildering information. |
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Word of the Year: Fake News (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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331 | (2) |
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Everyone has heard of "fake news" Yet do we know what that term means exactly? |
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Reinstate the Fairness Doctrine! |
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333 | (4) |
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An award-winning journalist revisits an old rule that once assured "honest, equitable, and balanced" news coverage. What happened to it? |
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Seeking Truth Is Intertwined with Journalistic Advocacy (Student Essay) |
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337 | (4) |
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A University of Southern California student argues that advocacy journalism can still meet objective standards. |
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Looking Closely: Supporting Opinions With Specific Examples |
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341 | (1) |
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America Then... 1938: Mr. Welles and Mass Delusion |
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342 | (7) |
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The day Martians attacked us: One of America's greatest reporters examines the consequences of one of America's greatest media hoaxes. |
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349 | (2) |
| 11 Patriotism: Is It Obsolete? |
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351 | (26) |
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Opinion polls regularly show that most Americans believe their country is either the greatest or ranks among the greatest nations on earth. |
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But that belief is shared more among older than younger Americans. |
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In a 2017 Pew poll, only 12 percent of those between 18 and 29 thought the "U.S. stands above all other countries in the world," whereas close to half of Americans over the age of 65 agreed that we represent the best nation on earth. |
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But does this mean that younger Americans are less patriotic? |
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Is old-fashioned patriotism becoming obsolete? Do dissenting sports figures like Colin Kaepernick represent a growing trend? |
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How is patriotism different from nationalism? And what does patriotism mean to those who don't fully share in the American Dream? |
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In Brief - Comic: Patriotism vs. Nationalism |
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352 | (1) |
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A political cartoonist offers a graphic distinction between two concepts usually thought to be identical. |
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Patriotism vs. Nationalism |
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353 | (4) |
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Although he basically agrees with the previous cartoon, a scholar and author sees the distinctions as somewhat more complicated. |
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357 | (4) |
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Writing from the state of Maine, a columnist worries that the current hostility to patriotism among educated elites is negatively affecting the younger generation. |
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Patriotic Americans Are Pro-Immigration (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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361 | (2) |
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A veteran journalist reports on a poll that finds most Americans believe "there is no contradiction between love of country and a welcoming attitude toward those who wish to move here." |
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Burning Shoes to #BoycottNike Won't Change That Fact That Kaepernick and His Kneeling Aren't Going Anywhere (Student Essay) |
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363 | (4) |
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Although many condemn the ways corporations can profitably commercialize a progressive cause, a University of Missouri student feels otherwise about Nike's recent promotion of Colin Kaepernick. |
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Looking Closely: Using Quotations Effectively |
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367 | (2) |
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Student Writer At Work: Roshae Hemmings |
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369 | (1) |
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America Then...1852: From What To The Slave Is The Fourth Of July? |
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370 | (6) |
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Years before the Civil War, one of the nation's great writers, orators, and pioneering civil rights advocates proclaimed to a largely white audience: "This Fourth of July is yours, not mine." |
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376 | (1) |
| 12 Political Polarization: How Disunited Is the United States? |
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377 | (31) |
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Why is the nation so divided between left and right, blue and red, Democrat and Republican? |
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Some commentators and pollsters even believe we are on the verge of another civil war. |
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Would a return to civility help-or would it be futile? |
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Is there anything that can be done to remedy the polarization? |
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Or has our political divide been exaggerated? |
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In Brief - Print Ad: Putting The "Civil" Back Into Civil Society |
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379 | (2) |
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An advertisement taken out by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce urges Americans to set aside their outrage and restore civility to our political debate. |
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Should Politics Be Civil? |
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381 | (3) |
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Citing several political philosophers, a columnist suggests that the demand for political civility may actually result in "stifling dissent" |
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Political Evolution: Why Do Young Voters Lean Left? It's in the Genes |
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384 | (6) |
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Do people grow more conservative as they grow older? They do, says an evolutionary biologist, and the reason why may be in our genes. |
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How the Overton Window Theory Explains Today's Extreme Political Rhetoric (Student Essay) |
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390 | (4) |
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A student columnist at Miami Dade College cites a well-known media theory to explain why American politics has become so polarized. |
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Looking Closely: The Art of Argument: Using a Theory to Make Your Point |
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394 | (1) |
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America's Seven Political Tribes (Spotlight on Data and Research) |
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395 | (4) |
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The Hidden Tribes Of America |
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Must we live in an "us-versus-them" nation? A researcher launches a project "to understand better what is pulling us apart, and find what can bring us back together." |
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America Then... 1787: I Agree To This Constitution, With All Its Faults |
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399 | (5) |
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How good is our Constitution? The man said to have "invented" America had some second thoughts about its founding document. |
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404 | (4) |
| Index |
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408 | |
