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Analysis of Synchronous Machines 2nd edition [Pehme köide]

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(University of Wisconsin, Middleton, USA)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 606 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1133 g, 11 Tables, black and white; 252 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Mar-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138073075
  • ISBN-13: 9781138073074
Teised raamatud teemal:
Analysis of Synchronous Machines 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 606 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 1133 g, 11 Tables, black and white; 252 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Mar-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138073075
  • ISBN-13: 9781138073074
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781138073074.html
Märksõnad:

Analysis of Synchronous Machines, Second Edition is a thoroughly modern treatment of an old subject. Courses generally teach about synchronous machines by introducing the steady-state per phase equivalent circuit without a clear, thorough presentation of the source of this circuit representation, which is a crucial aspect. Taking a different approach, this book provides a deeper understanding of complex electromechanical drives.

Focusing on the terminal rather than on the internal characteristics of machines, the book begins with the general concept of winding functions, describing the placement of any practical winding in the slots of the machine. This representation enables readers to clearly understand the calculation of all relevant self- and mutual inductances of the machine. It also helps them to more easily conceptualize the machine in a rotating system of coordinates, at which point they can clearly understand the origin of this important representation of the machine.

  • Provides numerical examples
  • Addresses Park’s equations starting from winding functions
  • Describes operation of a synchronous machine as an LCI motor drive
  • Presents synchronous machine transient simulation, as well as voltage regulation

Applying his experience from more than 30 years of teaching the subject at the University of Wisconsin, author T.A. Lipo presents the solution of the circuit both in classical form using phasor representation and also by introducing an approach that applies MathCAD®, which greatly simplifies and expands the average student’s problem-solving capability. The remainder of the text describes how to deal with various types of transients—such as constant speed transients—as well as unbalanced operation and faults and small signal modeling for transient stability and dynamic stability.

Finally, the author addresses large signal modeling using MATLAB®/Simulink®, for complete solution of the non-linear equations of the salient pole synchronous machine. A valuable tool for learning, this updated edition offers thoroughly revised content, adding new detail and better-quality figures.

Preface and Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter 1 Winding Distribution in an Ideal Machine 1(76)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The Winding Function
2(6)
1.3 Calculation of the Winding Function
8(13)
1.4 Multipole Winding Configurations
21(4)
1.5 Inductances of an Ideal Doubly Cylindrical Machine
25(4)
1.6 Calculation of Winding Inductances
29(3)
1.7 Mutual Inductance Calculation - An Example
32(7)
1.8 Winding Functions for Multiple Circuits
39(7)
1.9 Analysis of a Shorted Coil - An Example
46(3)
1.10 General Case for C Circuits
49(4)
1.11 Winding Function Modifications for Salient-Pole Machines
53(11)
1.12 Leakage Inductances of Synchronous Machines
64(6)
1.12.1 The Synchronous Machine Stator
64(5)
1.12.2 The Synchronous Machine Rotor
69(1)
1.13 Practical Winding Design
70(6)
1.14 Conclusion
76(1)
1.15 References
76(1)
Chapter 2 Reference Frame Theory 77(60)
2.1 Introduction
77(1)
2.2 Rotating Reference Frames
78(3)
2.3 Transformation of Three-Phase Circuit Variables to a Rotating Reference Frame
81(15)
2.3.1 Vector Approach Applied to r-L Circuits
81(4)
2.3.2 Transformation Equations
85(7)
2.3.3 System Equations in the d-q-n Coordinate System
92(3)
2.3.4 Power Flow in the d-q-n Equivalent Circuits
95(1)
2.4 Stationary Three-Phase r-L Circuits Observed in a d-q-n Reference Frame
96(18)
2.4.1 Example
104(10)
2.5 Matrix Approach to the d-q-n Transformation
114(7)
2.5.1 Example
117(4)
2.6 The d-q-n Transformation Applied to a Simple Three-Phase Cylindrical Inductor
121(5)
2.7 Winding Functions in a d-q-n Reference Frame
126(5)
2.8 Direct Computation of d-q-n Inductances of a Cylindrical Three- Phase Inductor
131(3)
2.9 Conclusion
134(1)
2.10 References
134(3)
Chapter 3 The d-q Equations of a Synchronous Machine 137(56)
3.1 Introduction
137(1)
3.2 Physical Description
137(1)
3.3 Synchronous Machine Equations in the Phase Variable or as-, bs-, cs- Reference Frame
138(5)
3.2.1 Voltage Equations
140(2)
3.2.2 Flux Linkage Equations
142(1)
3.4 Transformation of the Stator Voltage Equations to a Rotating Reference Frame
143(1)
3.5 Transformation of Stator Flux Linkages to a Rotating Reference Frame
144(2)
3.6 Winding Functions of the Three-Phase Stator Windings in a d-q-n Reference Frame
146(2)
3.7 Winding Functions of the Rotor Windings
148(12)
3.7.1 The d-Axis Amortisseur Winding Function
148(7)
3.7.2 The q-Axis Amortisseur Circuit Winding Function
155(4)
3.7.3 The Field Circuit Winding Function
159(1)
3.8 Calculation of Stator Magnetizing Inductances
160(4)
3.9 Mutual Inductances Between Stator and Rotor Circuits
164(3)
3.10 d-q Transformation of the Rotor Flux Linkage Equation
167(1)
3.11 Power Input
168(1)
3.12 Torque Equation
169(2)
3.13 Summary of Synchronous Machine Equations Expressed in Physical Units
171(1)
3.14 Turns Ratio Transformation of the Flux Linkage Equations
172(8)
3.15 System Equations in Physical Units Using Hybrid Flux Linkages
180(1)
3.16 Synchronous Machine Equations in Per Unit
181(9)
3.16.1 Base Quantities
181(2)
3.16.2 Voltage Equations
183(1)
3.16.3 Flux Linkage Equations
184(1)
3.16.4 Electromagnetic Torque Equation
185(1)
3.16.5 Motional Equation
186(1)
3.16.6 Power Equation
187(1)
3.16.7 Summary
187(3)
3.17 Conclusion
190(1)
3.18 References
190(3)
Chapter 4 Steady State Behavior of Synchronous Machines 193(72)
4.1 Introduction
193(1)
4.2 d-q Axes Orientation
193(3)
4.3 Steady State Form of Park's Equations
196(4)
4.4 Steady State Torque Equation
200(2)
4.5 Steady State Power Equation
202(2)
4.6 Steady State Reactive Power
204(1)
4.7 Graphical Interpretation of the Steady State Equations
204(3)
4.8 Steady State Vector Diagram
207(3)
4.9 Vector Interpretation of Power and Torque
210(6)
4.10 Phasor Form of the Steady State Equations
216(1)
4.11 Equivalent Circuits of a Synchronous Machine
217(4)
4.12 Solutions of the Phasor Equations
221(2)
4.13 Solution of the Steady State Synchronous Machine Equations Using MathCAD
223(3)
4.14 Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Characteristics
226(7)
4.15 Saturation Modeling of Synchronous Machines Under Load
233(5)
4.16 Construction of the Phasor Diagram for a Saturated Round-Rotor Machine
238(2)
4.17 Calculation of the Phasor Diagram for a Saturated Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine
240(1)
4.18 The Zero Power Factor Characteristic and the Potier Triangle
241(7)
4.19 Other Reactance Measurements
248(3)
4.20 Steady State Operating Characteristics
251(2)
4.21 Calculation of Pulsating and Average Torque During Starting of Synchronous Motors
253(9)
4.22 Conclusion
262(1)
4.23 References
263(2)
Chapter 5 Transient Analysis of Synchronous Machines 265(50)
5.1 Introduction
265(1)
5.2 Theorem of Constant Flux Linkages
265(1)
5.3 Behavior of Stator Flux Linkages on Short Circuit
266(1)
5.4 Three-Phase Short Circuit, No Damper Circuits, Resistances Neglected
267(3)
5.5 Three-Phase Short Circuit from Open Circuit, Resistances and Damper Windings Neglected
270(2)
5.6 Short Circuit From Loaded Condition, Stator Resistance and Damper Winding Neglected
272(3)
5.7 Three-Phase Short Circuit from Open Circuit, Effect of Resistances Included, No Dampers
275(7)
5.8 Extension of the Theory to Machines with Damper Windings
282(8)
5.9 Short Circuit of a Loaded Generator, Dampers Included
290(1)
5.10 Vector Diagrams for Sudden Voltage Changes
291(4)
5.11 Effect of Exciter Response
295(2)
5.12 Transient Solutions Utilizing Modal Analysis
297(9)
5.13 Comparison of Modal Analysis Solution with Conventional Methods
306(4)
5.14 Unsymmetrical Short Circuits
310(2)
5.15 Conclusion
312(1)
5.16 References
312(3)
Chapter 6 Power System Transient Stability 315(34)
6.1 Introduction
315(1)
6.2 Assumptions
315(3)
6.3 Torque Angle Curves
318(2)
6.4 Mechanical Acceleration Equation in Per Unit
320(2)
6.5 Equal Area Criterion for Transient Stability
322(1)
6.6 Transient Stability Analysis
323(8)
6.7 Transient Stability of a Two Machine System
331(2)
6.8 Multi-Machine Transient Stability Analysis
333(4)
6.9 Types of Faults and Effect on Stability
337(3)
6.10 Step-by-Step Solution Methods Including Saturation
340(2)
6.11 Machine Model Including Saturation
342(5)
6.12 Summary-Step-by-Step Method for Calculating Synchronous Machine Transients
347(1)
6.13 Conclusion
348(1)
6.14 References
348(1)
Chapter 7 Excitation Systems and Dynamic Stability 349(46)
7.1 Introduction
349(1)
7.2 Generator Response to System Disturbances
350(2)
7.3 Sources of System Damping
352(1)
7.4 Excitation System Hardware Implementations
353(12)
7.4.1 Basic Excitation System
353(1)
7.4.2 Basic DC Exciter
353(4)
7.4.3 Modeling of Saturation
357(5)
7.4.4 AC Excitation Systems
362(1)
7.4.5 Static Excitation Systems
363(2)
7.5 IEEE Type 1 Excitation System
365(4)
7.6 Excitation Design Principles
369(5)
7.7 Effect of the Excitation System on Dynamic Stability
374(18)
7.7.1 Generator Operating with Constant Field Flux Linkages
374(6)
7.7.2 Generator with Variable Field Flux Linkages
380(6)
7.7.3 Closed Loop Representation
386(4)
7.7.4 Excitation Control of Other Terminal Quantities
390(2)
7.8 Conclusion
392(2)
7.9 References
394(1)
Chapter 8 Naturally Commutated Synchronous Motor Drives 395(44)
8.1 Introduction
395(1)
8.2 Load Commutated Inverter (LCI) Synchronous Motor Drives
395(2)
8.3 Principle of Inverter Operation
397(2)
8.4 Fundamental Component Representation
399(7)
8.4.1 Phasor Diagram
399(2)
8.4.2 Inverter Operation
401(4)
8.4.3 Expression for Power and Torque
405(1)
8.5 Control Considerations
406(2)
8.5.1 Firing Angle Controller
406(2)
8.6 Starting Considerations
408(1)
8.7 Detailed Steady State Analysis
408(16)
8.7.1 Modes of Converter Operation
411(2)
8.7.2 State Equations
413(1)
8.7.3 Conduction Mode 1 State Equations
414(3)
8.7.4 Commutation Mode 2 State Equations
417(4)
8.7.5 Calculation of Initial Conditions
421(3)
8.8 Time Step Solution
424(1)
8.9 Sample Calculations
425(2)
8.10 Torque Capability Curves
427(5)
8.11 Constant Speed Performance
432(2)
8.12 Comparison of State Space and Phasor Diagram Solutions
434(2)
8.13 Conclusion
436(1)
8.14 References
437(2)
Chapter 9 Extension of d-q Theory to Unbalanced Operation 439(28)
9.1 Introduction
439(1)
9.2 Source Voltage Formulation
439(4)
9.3 System Equations to Be Solved
443(3)
9.4 System Formulation with Non-Sinusoidal Stator Voltages
446(5)
9.5 Solution for Currents
451(2)
9.6 Solution for Electromagnetic Torque
453(9)
9.7 Example Solutions
462(2)
9.8 Conclusion
464(3)
Chapter 10 Linearization of the Synchronous Machine Equations 467(30)
10.1 Introduction
467(1)
10.2 Park's Equations in Physical Units
467(2)
10.3 Linearization Process
469(5)
10.4 Transfer Functions of a Synchronous Machine
474(5)
10.4.1 Transfer Function Inputs
474(1)
10.4.2 Transfer Function Outputs
475(4)
10.5 Solution of the State Space and Measurement Equations
479(6)
10.6 Design of a Terminal Voltage Controller
485(5)
10.7 Design of a Classical Regulator
490(5)
10.8 Conclusion
495(1)
10.9 References
496(1)
Chapter 11 Computer Simulation of Synchronous Machines 497(50)
11.1 Introduction
497(1)
11.2 Simulation Equations
497(3)
11.3 MATLAB Simulation of Park's Equations
500(3)
11.4 Steady State Check of Simulation
503(4)
11.5 Simulation of the Equations of Transformation
507(11)
11.6 Simulation Study
518(2)
11.7 Consideration of Saturation Effects
520(5)
11.8 Air Gap Saturation
525(4)
11.9 Field Saturation
529(2)
11.10 Approximate Models of Synchronous Machines
531(12)
11.11 Conclusion
543(4)
Appendix 1 Identities Useful in AC Machine Analysis 547(2)
Appendix 2 Time Domain Solution of the State Equation 549(6)
A2.1 Reduction to Explicit Form
549(3)
A2.2 Complex Eigenvalues
552(1)
A2.3 Refeences
553(2)
Appendix 3 Three-Phase Fault 555(8)
Appendix 4 TrafunSM 563(8)
Appendix 5 SMHB Synchronous Machine Harmonic Balance 571(12)
Index 583
Thomas A. Lipo received his BEE and MS degrees at Marquette University and his Ph.D from the University of Wisconsin in 1968. After 10 years at the Corporate R&D Center of the General Electric Company in Schenectady. New York, he joined Purdue University as professor in 1978 and subsequently took the same position at the University of Wisconsin in 1980. He was granted the 2004 Hilldale Award, the universitys most prestigious award for scientific achievement. He has published more than 550 technical papers, secured 35 U.S. patents, and written five books in his discipline. He is a Fellow of IEEE and IET (London), and he is also a member of the National Academy of Engineering (USA) and the Royal Academy of Engineering (UK).