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Animal Population Ecology: An Analytical Approach [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 286 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 227x151x15 mm, kaal: 470 g, Worked examples or Exercises
  • Sari: Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Apr-2021
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108948162
  • ISBN-13: 9781108948166
Teised raamatud teemal:
Animal Population Ecology: An Analytical ApproachSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 286 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 227x151x15 mm, kaal: 470 g, Worked examples or Exercises
  • Sari: Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Apr-2021
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108948162
  • ISBN-13: 9781108948166
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781108948166.html
Märksõnad:
Animal population ecology comprises the study of variations, regulation, and interactions of animal populations. This book discusses the fundamental notions and findings of animal populations on which most of the ecological studies are based. In particular, the author selects the logistic law of population growth, the nature of competition, sociality as an antithesis of competition, the mechanism underlying the regulation of populations, predator-prey interaction processes, and interactions among closely related species competing over essential resources. These are the notions that are considered to be well-established facts or principles and are regularly taught at ecology classes or introduced in standard textbooks. However, the author demonstrates that these notions are still inadequately understood, or even misunderstood, creating myths that would misguide ecologists in carrying out their studies. He delves deeply into those notions to reveal their real nature and draws a road map to the future development of ecology.

Arvustused

'This would be a valuable text for quantitative ecology courses. While manageable for interested general readers, its emphasis on mathematical applications and predictive parameters would make it most useful in advanced courses as a source of real-world examples. Mathematicians, too, may find the text valuable for teaching modeling in general, to supplement econometric, demographic, and climate models.' J. Burger, Choice

Muu info

The fundamental concepts of animal population are misunderstood; this book draws a road map to the future development of ecology.
Prologue 1(6)
1 Hunting Strategies Of Predators As Revealed In Field Studies Of Great Tits
7(19)
1.1 Preamble
7(1)
1.2 Search Image Theory by Lukas Tinbergen
8(3)
1.3 Alternative Theory: Hunting by Profitability
11(10)
1.4 Profitability Curve
21(2)
1.5 Allotment of Hunting Time among Different Sites
23(2)
1.6 Hunting by Profitability as Principle
25(1)
2 The Paradox Of Crypsis: Is It Effective Against Visual Predation?
26(5)
3 Logistic Law Of Population Growth: What Is It Really?
31(21)
3.1 Preamble
31(1)
3.2 The Classical Logistic Equation
32(2)
3.3 Fundamental Nature of Population Processes
34(1)
3.4 Ecological Significance of the Differential Equation: dx/dt = xƒ(x)
34(5)
3.5 Discrete-Time Processes
39(7)
3.6 Classical Logistic Model as Particular Case of Model (3.10)
46(2)
3.7 Reinterpretations of Parameters ρ and K
48(2)
3.8 Structual Problem of the Common--Version Logistic Model
50(1)
3.9 Final Remarks of
Chapter
51(1)
Appendices
Appendix 3A How to Solve a Differential Equation in the Models (3.1)
52(3)
Appendix 3B The Derivative d(eu)/du = eu
55(1)
Appendix 3C The Derivative d(ln v)/dv = 1/v, v > 0
56(1)
Appendix 3D The Anomaly in the Common Version Logistic Equation (3.3c)
56(1)
Appendix 3E Mathematical Attributes of the Verhulst Equation (3.3a)
56(2)
4 Reproduction Curves And Their Utilities
58(34)
4.1 Original Ideas
58(3)
4.2 Drawing a Reproduction Curve
61(1)
4.3 Generating the Population Series
61(2)
4.4 Mathematical Roles that the Model Parameters Play
63(3)
4.5 Problems with Population Size as a Non-negative Quantity
66(2)
4.6 Logarithmic Transformation of a Reproduction Curve
68(3)
4.7 An Application to Actual Data
71(4)
4.8 Variation in Dynamical Pattern of the Model Process (4.4b)
75(3)
4.9 Examples of Variations in Dynamical Pattern
78(4)
4.10 Difference between Discrete-Time and Continuous-Time Processes
82(1)
4.11 Ecological Feasibility of Variations in Discrete-Time Processes
83(2)
4.12 Endogenous and Exogenous Processes
85(4)
4.13 Application of an Endogenous---Exogenous Process Model to Wildlife Management
89(1)
4.14 The Origins of the Myths of the Logistic Law
90(1)
4.15 Final Remarks of
Chapter
91(1)
Appendices
Appendix 4A The Derivative of a Function Is a Measure of the Slope of the Curve Generated by the Function
92(3)
Appendix 4B The Derivatives of a Few Standard Functions
95(1)
Appendix 4C L'Hopital's Rule
96(1)
Appendix 4D Prototype Curve and Its Translation
96(2)
5 Generalization Of The Logistic Model
98(17)
5.1 Preamble
98(2)
5.2 Negative Binomial Distribution
100(5)
5.3 Ecological Application of the Negative Binomial Distribution
105(3)
5.4 A General Model of Intraspecific Competition
108(4)
5.5 Model (3.10) as a Particular Case of Model (5.12)
112(1)
5.6 Interpretation of the Hassell Model: rt = xt+ 1/xt --- rm/(1 + axt)b
113(1)
5.7 One More Model to Examine
113(2)
Appendices
Appendix 5A Why 0! = 1?
115(1)
Appendix 5B Why the Name `Negative Binomial'?
115(1)
Appendix 5C How to Calculate the Mean and Variance of the Random Number m in (5.4)
116(2)
Appendix 5D Why Do the Terms jkj--x Qr(j) in (5.6) Vanish in the Limit (j → ∞)?
118(1)
Appendix 5E Convergence of the Sum {Σ[ (h + j -- 1)!/h!(j -- 1)!](kq)j--1} to (1 -- kq)--(h+1)
119(1)
6 Scramble And Contest Competition: What Is The Difference?
120(20)
6.1 Preamble
120(1)
6.2 Drawing Reproduction Curves Based on Model (5.12)
121(5)
6.3 Broader Interpretation of Parameter h
126(2)
6.4 In the Weirdland of a Negative Hit
128(2)
6.5 Nature of Competition
130(2)
6.6 What Determines Parameter h in Actual Processes?
132(4)
6.7 Scramble and Contest as Elements of Competition
136(4)
6.8 Concluding Remarks of
Chapter
140(1)
Appendices
Appendix 6A The Logarithm of a Negative Real Number is a Complex Number
140(3)
Appendix 6B How to Estimate Parameters (Rm, h, c/h) to Fit Model (6.1a) to the Observed Reproduction Curve in Figure 6.3a
143(2)
7 Regulation Of Populations: Its Myths And Real Nature
145(32)
7.1 A Brief History
145(1)
7.2 Biological Population Processes As Stochastic Processes
146(4)
7.3 Defining Population Persistence
150(1)
7.4 Investigations into Mechanisms for Persistent State
151(2)
7.5 Density--Dependent Processes under Exogenous Influences
153(1)
7.6 Density--Independent Processes
154(4)
7.7 Algebra of Stipulation (7.3) for Population Persistence
158(3)
7.8 Random Walk As Unregulated Processes
161(1)
7.9 Density--Dependent Regulation
162(5)
7.10 Precise Nature of Density--Dependent Regulation
167(2)
7.11 Density--Independent Regulation
169(1)
7.12 Logical Problem in Climatic--Control Theories
170(4)
7.13 Myth of Density--Dependent Regulation
174(3)
7.14 Concluding Remarks of
Chapter
177(1)
Appendices
Appendix 7A Rules of Operations on the Expectations Used in the Present
Chapter
177(1)
Appendix 7B Derivation of Relationship (7.5)
178(2)
Appendix 7C Calculation of an Autocovariance Function (ACVF)
180(1)
8 Predator---Prey Interaction Processes
181(40)
8.1 Preamble
181(1)
8.2 Formulation of Endogenous Models of the Interaction Processes
181(5)
8.3 Simulation of the Dynamics of Predator---Prey Interactions
186(4)
8.4 Variation in Dynamical Patterns
190(7)
8.5 Effects of Random Exogenous Influences
197(9)
8.6 Reproduction Surfaces of a Predator---Prey Process
206(6)
8.7 Revealing Conditional Reproduction Curve in Observed Series
212(5)
8.8 Problems Inherent to Earlier Models
217(2)
8.9 Interactions between Predator Complex and Prey Complex
219(2)
Appendices
Appendix 8A Ecological Mechanism Underlying the Equation q(xt) = [ 1 --- exp(--- bxt)] in (8.2)
221(1)
Appendix 8B How to Find the Equilibrium Levels of the X and Y Series in the Simultaneous Equations (8.4)
222(1)
Appendix 8C How to Generate Correlated Series of Random Numbers
223(2)
9 Interspecific Competition Processes
225(25)
9.1 Preamble
225(1)
9.2 Formulation of Competition Model
225(2)
9.3 Simulations
227(1)
9.4 Criteria for Coexistence and Elimination
228(17)
9.5 Reconsideration of the `Competitive Exclusion Principle'
245(3)
9.6 Alternative Ways of Viewing Nature
248(1)
9.7 Struggle for Existence vs Optimization of Profitability
249(1)
Appendices
Appendix 9A How to Calculate x** and y**
250(1)
Appendix 9B Infeasibility of Category (v) in Table 9.1, Section 9.4
250(1)
Appendix 9C How to Incorporate the Effect of Random Exogenous Influences in the Model
251(1)
10 Observations, Analyses, And Interpretations: A Personal View Through The Spruce Budworm Studies
252(19)
10.1 An Outline of the Spruce Budworm Studies
253(1)
10.2 Earlier View of Outbreaks
254(13)
10.3 Thoughts on the Basic Processes of Ecological Studies
267(3)
10.4 Concluding Remarks in the Quest for Certitude
270(1)
References 271(2)
Index 273
Tom Royama is well known for his field studies of Great Tit and Spruce Budworm, and his contribution to theoretical ecology through the innovative application of stochastic processes. His previous book, Analytical Population Dynamics (1992), had a significant impact on population ecology. He was also a recipient of a Gold Medal of Entomological Society of Canada in 1994.