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ANSYS Mechanical APDL for Finite Element Analysis [Pehme köide]

(GE Additive, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA), (Professor of Industrial and Engineering Technology, California University of Pennsylvania, California, PA, USA)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 466 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x216 mm, kaal: 1180 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Butterworth-Heinemann Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128129816
  • ISBN-13: 9780128129814
Teised raamatud teemal:
ANSYS Mechanical APDL for Finite Element AnalysisSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 466 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x216 mm, kaal: 1180 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Butterworth-Heinemann Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128129816
  • ISBN-13: 9780128129814
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780128129814.html
Märksõnad:

ANSYS Mechanical APDL for Finite Element Analysis provides a hands-on introduction to engineering analysis using one of the most powerful commercial general purposes finite element programs on the market. Engineering students will benefit from a practical and integrated approach that combines finite element theory with best practices for developing, verifying, validating, and interpreting the results of finite element models, while engineering professionals will appreciate deep insight into the program’s structure and behavior and an early introduction to commands, input files, batch processing, and other advanced features in ANSYS.

The book is written in a lecture / lab style. Each topic is supported by examples, exercises, and suggestions for additional readings in the program documentation. Exercises gradually increase in difficulty and complexity, helping readers to quickly gain confidence and use the program independently. This provides a solid foundation on which to build, preparing readers to become Power Users who can take advantage of everything the program has to offer.

  • ANSYS Mechanical APDL for Finite Element Analysis is immediately useful & extremely practical
  • Aims to prepare readers to create industry standard models with ANSYS in 5 days or less
  • Provides self-study exercises that gradually build in complexity, helping the reader transition from novice to mastery of ANSYS
  • References the ANSYS documentation throughout, focusing on developing overall competence with the software before tackling any specific application
  • Prepares the reader to work with commands, input files, and other advanced techniques

Muu info

Helps readers create industry-standard models with ANSYS in five days or less
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction to ANSYS and Finite Element Modeling
1(10)
1.1 What Is the Finite Element Method?
1(1)
1.2 Why Use the Finite Element Method?
2(1)
1.3 Basic Procedure for Finite Element Analysis
2(1)
1.4 Engineering Software---Not an Engineer
3(1)
1.5 A Brief History of ANSYS and Finite Element Analysis
3(2)
1.5.1 The Development of NASTRAN
4(1)
1.5.2 The Development of ANSYS
4(1)
1.5.3 The Evolution of ANSYS
4(1)
1.6 ANSYS Today
5(1)
1.7 ANSYS Licensing
6(1)
1.8 Functionality and Features of the ANSYS Mechanical APDL Family
6(2)
1.8.1 Can ANSYS...?
6(1)
1.8.2 Steady-State and Time-Dependent Analyses
6(1)
1.8.3 Physics Capabilities
7(1)
1.8.4 Special Features
7(1)
1.9 ANSYS: Backward Compatibility and Legacy Code
8(3)
2 Interacting with ANSYS
11(36)
2.1 ANSYS Simulation Environments
12(1)
2.2 Communicating with ANSYS
13(5)
2.2.1 ANSYS Commands
13(1)
2.2.2 The Graphical User Interface
14(2)
2.2.3 The GUI Command Prompt
16(1)
2.2.4 Input Files and Batch Files
17(1)
2.3 How ANSYS Communicates with You
18(1)
2.3.1 INFO Level Feedback
18(1)
2.3.2 NOTE Level Feedback
18(1)
2.3.3 WARNING Level Feedback
19(1)
2.3.4 ERROR Level Feedback
19(1)
2.3.5 FATAL Level Feedback
19(1)
2.4 ANSYS Program Structure
19(3)
2.4.1 Levels and Processors
19(1)
2.4.2 The ANSYS Database
20(1)
2.4.3 Types of Commands and Their Locations
21(1)
2.5 ANSYS File Structure
22(2)
2.5.1 The Database File
23(1)
2.5.2 The Log File
23(1)
2.5.3 The Lock File
23(1)
2.5.4 The Error File
24(1)
2.5.5 The Output File
24(1)
2.5.6 The Results File
24(1)
2.6 Saving Files and Results in ANSYS
24(2)
2.6.1 Saving Database Files
24(1)
2.6.2 Archiving Models
25(1)
2.6.3 Rerunning Log Files
25(1)
2.6.4 Creating Input and Batch Files
25(1)
2.7 Where is the Undo Button?
26(1)
2.8 How Do You Specify Units?
26(1)
2.9 Where to Find Help: The ANSYS Documentation
27(3)
2.9.1 Reference Manuals
28(1)
2.9.2 Programmer's Manuals
28(1)
2.9.3 Examples Manuals
28(1)
2.9.4 Analysis Guides
29(1)
2.9.5 The Feature Archive
29(1)
2.9.6 Additional Documentation
29(1)
2.10 Where to Get Extra Help: ANSYS Technical Support
30(17)
Exercise 2-1 Static Axial Loading of a Notched Plate in Tension
31(16)
3 Creating and Importing Geometry
47(60)
3.1 Considerations for Model Geometry
47(3)
3.1.1 Choosing Direct Generation or Solid Modeling
47(1)
3.1.2 Choosing Whether to Create or Import Solid Model Geometry
48(1)
3.1.3 Choosing the Dimensionality of the Model
48(2)
3.1.4 Choosing How Much Detail to Include
50(1)
3.2 Creating Model Geometry
50(4)
3.2.1 Direct Generation of Nodes and Elements
50(2)
3.2.2 Creating Model Geometry from the Bottom-Up
52(2)
3.2.3 Creating Model Geometry from the Top Down
54(1)
3.3 Boolean Operations
54(4)
3.3.1 Boolean Options
55(1)
3.3.2 Number Merging
56(2)
3.3.3 Numbering in Boolean Operations
58(1)
3.3.4 Boolean Operations: Model First, Mesh Second
58(1)
3.3.5 Boolean Operation Errors
58(1)
3.4 Deleting Solid Model Geometry
58(1)
3.5 Importing Solid Model Geometry
58(1)
3.5.1 Importing Solid Models Using IGES Files
59(1)
3.5.2 Importing Solid Models Using Connection Products
59(1)
3.5.3 Importing CAD Using ANSYS Workbench and DesignModeler
59(1)
3.6 Coordinate Systems
59(2)
3.6.1 Global Coordinate Systems
59(1)
3.6.2 Local Coordinate Systems
60(1)
3.6.3 The Display Coordinate System
60(1)
3.7 The Working Plane
61(1)
3.8 Solid Model Viewing
62(45)
3.8.1 List
62(1)
3.8.2 Plot
63(1)
3.8.3 PlotCtrls
63(4)
Exercise 3-1 Bottom-Up Solid Modeling of a Plate With a Central Hole Using Quarter Symmetry
67(10)
Exercise 3-2 Top-Down Solid Modeling of a Pipe Flange Using Symmetry
77(18)
Exercise 3-3 Structural Analysis of a Simple Warren Truss Using Direct Generation
95(12)
4 Elements and Element Input
107(40)
4.1 Element Classification in ANSYS
108(1)
4.1.1 Current-Technology Elements
108(1)
4.1.2 GUI-Inaccessible Elements
108(1)
4.1.3 Legacy Elements
108(1)
4.1.4 Undocumented Elements
109(1)
4.1.5 Superelements
109(1)
4.1.6 User Elements
109(1)
4.2 The ANSYS Element Library
109(1)
4.3 Element Properties
110(6)
4.3.1 Element Names
111(1)
4.3.2 Element Shapes
112(1)
4.3.3 Number of Nodes
112(1)
4.3.4 Degenerate Shapes
113(1)
4.3.5 Element Shape Functions and Extra Displacement Shapes
114(1)
4.3.6 Degrees of Freedom
115(1)
4.3.7 Real Constants
115(1)
4.3.8 Key Options
115(1)
4.3.9 Required and Permitted Material Properties
115(1)
4.3.10 Permitted Loads
116(1)
4.3.11 Special Features
116(1)
4.4 ANSYS Element Families
116(2)
4.5 Product Codes and Product Restrictions
118(2)
4.6 Choosing an Element
120(1)
4.6.1 Bottom-Up Element Selection: Commonly Used Elements
120(1)
4.6.2 Top-Down Element Selection: Process of Elimination
120(1)
4.7 Defining Element Types
121(1)
4.8 Deleting Element Types
122(1)
4.9 Defining Real Constants
122(1)
4.10 Defining Sections
122(25)
Exercise 4-1 Modeling a Simple ID Cantilever Beam Using Beam Elements
123(8)
Exercise 4-2 Modeling a Simple 2D Cantilever Beam Using PLANE Elements
131(8)
Exercise 4-3 Modeling a Simple 3D Cantilever Beam Using SOLID Elements
139(8)
5 Defining Material Properties
147(34)
5.1 What are Material Models?
147(1)
5.2 Material Models in ANSYS
148(3)
5.2.1 Material Model Name
148(1)
5.2.2 Linearity
148(1)
5.2.3 Material Property and Material Model Labels
148(1)
5.2.4 Material Property Values
149(1)
5.2.5 Spatial Dependence
149(1)
5.2.6 Temperature Dependence
150(1)
5.2.7 Supported Material Model Combinations
150(1)
5.2.8 Supported Elements
150(1)
5.2.9 Product Restrictions
150(1)
5.3 Defining Material Properties
151(7)
5.3.1 Inputting Linear Material Property Values Using the GUI
151(1)
5.3.2 Inputting Linear Material Property Values Using Commands
152(1)
5.3.3 Inputting Nonlinear Material Property Values Using the GUI
152(1)
5.3.4 Inputting Nonlinear Material Property Values Using Commands
153(1)
5.3.5 Inputting Nonlinear Material Properties Curves Using the GUI
154(1)
5.3.6 Inputting Nonlinear Material Property Curves Using Commands
155(1)
5.3.7 Inputting Temperature-Dependent Material Property Data Using the GUI
155(1)
5.3.8 Inputting Linear Temperature-Dependent Material Property Data Using Commands: Polynomial Equations
156(1)
5.3.9 Specifying Temperature Dependence Using Commands: Temperature Tables
156(1)
5.3.10 How the GUI Specifies Linear Material Properties Using Commands
157(1)
5.3.11 Inputting Nonlinear Temperature-Dependent Material Property Data Using Commands
157(1)
5.3.12 GUI Inaccessible Materials
158(1)
5.3.13 User Materials
158(1)
5.4 Choosing Which Material Properties to Define
158(1)
5.5 Finding Material Property Data
159(1)
5.6 Potential Pitfalls Associated with Material Property Evaluation in ANSYS
159(1)
5.6.1 Too Few Material Properties
159(1)
5.6.2 Too Many Material Properties
159(1)
5.6.3 Insufficient Number of Points on a Material Data Curve
160(1)
5.7 Saving Material Properties
160(21)
5.7.1 Exporting Material Properties as ANSYS Material Library Files
160(1)
5.7.2 Saving Material Properties as Commands
161(2)
Exercise 5-1 Temperature-Dependent Plasticity Analysis of a Plate with a Central Hole
163(18)
6 Meshing
181(58)
6.1 Meshing Overview
181(1)
6.2 Element Attributes
182(3)
6.2.1 Setting Global Element Attributes
183(1)
6.2.2 Setting Local Element Attributes
184(1)
6.2.3 Modifying Element Attributes
184(1)
6.3 Mesh Controls
185(4)
6.3.1 Free Versus Mapped Meshing
185(1)
6.3.2 Element Sizing
186(3)
6.3.3 Always Save Before Meshing
189(1)
6.4 Generating a Mesh
189(2)
6.4.1 The Mesh Tool
189(1)
6.4.2 Meshing Commands
190(1)
6.4.3 Meshing Order
190(1)
6.5 Mapped Meshing
191(1)
6.5.1 Map Meshing Using Boolean Operations
191(1)
6.5.2 Map Meshing Using Concatenation
191(1)
6.5.3 Map Meshing Areas By Corners
192(1)
6.6 Copying and Extruding a Mesh
192(1)
6.7 Defining the Quality of a Mesh
192(3)
6.7.1 The Mesh Must Accurately Represent the System
193(1)
6.7.2 The Mesh Must Generate Accurate Results
193(2)
6.8 Determining the Quality of a Mesh
195(3)
6.8.1 Evaluating Element Shapes with Element Shape Testing
195(1)
6.8.2 Evaluating Mesh Density by Visual Inspection
196(1)
6.8.3 Evaluating Mesh Density through Energy Error Estimation
197(1)
6.8.4 Evaluating the Mesh Quality through Mesh Convergence
198(1)
6.9 Modifying and Regenerating a Mesh
198(41)
6.9.1 Refining a Mesh
198(1)
6.9.2 Clearing a Mesh
199(2)
Exercise 6-1 Determining the Mesh Convergence of a Heated Plate With a Central Hole
201(38)
7 Selecting Entities
239(14)
7.1 Specifying Entities in ANSYS
239(1)
7.2 Selection Overview
240(2)
7.2.1 Type of Entity
240(1)
7.2.2 Selection Methods
240(1)
7.2.3 Set Operations
241(1)
7.3 Selecting Entities in ANSYS
242(5)
7.3.1 The Select Menu
242(1)
7.3.2 Select Commands
243(1)
7.3.3 Examples Using Select Commands
244(2)
7.3.4 Saving Selection Sets Using Components and Assemblies
246(1)
7.4 The Picker
247(1)
7.5 Picker Commands
248(5)
7.5.1 The FLST Helper Command
249(1)
7.5.2 The FITEM Helper Command
249(1)
7.5.3 Picker Command Blocks for Selecting Operations
249(1)
7.5.4 Picker Command Blocks for Picking Operations
250(3)
8 Solution
253(42)
8.1 Defining "Solution"
253(1)
8.2 Boundary Condition Overview
254(1)
8.2.1 Constraints
254(1)
8.2.2 Loads
254(1)
8.3 Boundary Conditions in ANSYS
254(2)
8.3.1 Boundary Conditions in ANSYS---Organized by Physics
255(1)
8.3.2 Boundary Conditions in ANSYS---Organized by Entity
255(1)
8.3.3 Boundary Conditions in ANSYS---Organized by Interaction
255(1)
8.4 Applying Boundary Conditions
256(2)
8.4.1 Deleting Boundary Conditions
257(1)
8.4.2 Confirming Boundary Conditions in ANSYS
257(1)
8.5 Potential Pitfalls Associated with Applying Boundary Conditions in ANSYS
258(5)
8.5.1 No DOF to Constrain
258(1)
8.5.2 Too Few Constraints
259(1)
8.5.3 Too Many Constraints
259(1)
8.5.4 Mixing Loads and Constraints
260(1)
8.5.5 Repeating Boundary Conditions
261(1)
8.5.6 Mixing Solid Model and Finite Element Model Boundary Conditions
262(1)
8.6 Initial Conditions in ANSYS
263(1)
8.7 Solution Options
263(5)
8.7.1 Analysis Type
264(1)
8.7.2 Small vs Large Displacement
264(1)
8.7.3 Load Steps
265(1)
8.7.4 Substeps
265(1)
8.7.5 Time Steps
266(1)
8.7.6 Auto Time Stepping
267(1)
8.7.7 Output Options
267(1)
8.7.8 Solvers
267(1)
8.8 Initiating a Solution
268(2)
8.8.1 Confirming the Solution Options
268(1)
8.8.2 Solution Checking
269(1)
8.9 During Solution
270(3)
8.9.1 Feedback During Solution
270(1)
8.9.2 Solution Failure Modes
271(1)
8.9.3 Terminating a Running Job
272(1)
8.10 After Solution
273(22)
8.10.1 Change the Jobname
273(1)
8.10.2 Restart the Analysis
273(2)
Exercise 8-1 Time Varying Heat Conduction Through a Composite Wall
275(20)
9 Postprocessing
295(76)
9.1 Postprocessing Overview
295(1)
9.2 Types of Results
296(1)
9.3 Available Results
297(2)
9.4 Accessing Results From the Output File
299(2)
9.5 Accessing Results From the Results File
301(4)
9.5.1 Accessing the Results File Through the General Postprocessor
302(1)
9.5.2 Accessing Results from the Results File Through the Time History Postprocessor
303(1)
9.5.3 Accessing Results via Component Name or Sequence Number
303(2)
9.6 Results Coordinate Systems
305(2)
9.6.1 The Nodal Coordinate System
305(1)
9.6.2 Element Coordinate Systems
305(1)
9.6.3 The Results (Display) Coordinate System
305(2)
9.7 Full Graphics vs PowerGraphics
307(1)
9.8 Displaying and Viewing Results
308(8)
9.8.1 Listing Results
308(3)
9.8.2 Plotting Results
311(4)
9.8.3 Animating Results
315(1)
9.8.4 Graphing Results
315(1)
9.9 Postprocessing With Load Case Combinations
316(1)
9.10 Saving Postprocessing Graphics and Information
317(1)
9.11 Model Verification and Validation
317(54)
Exercise 9-1 Postprocessing an Axisymmetric Cylindrical Pressure Vessel Using Element Tables
319(18)
Exercise 9-2 Postprocessing a 3D Thermal Model With Geometric Discontinuities Using Power Graphics
337(18)
Exercise 9-3 Postprocessing a Cylindrical Structural Shell Using PowerGraphics, Results Coordinate Systems, and Load Case Combinations
355(16)
10 Input Files
371(66)
10.1 Approaches to Writing Input Files
371(2)
10.1.1 The Direct Method for Preparing an Input File
371(1)
10.1.2 The Sequential Method for Preparing an Input File
372(1)
10.1.3 The Concurrent Method for Preparing an Input File
372(1)
10.2 Tools for Writing and Debugging Input Files
373(2)
10.2.1 Plain Text Editor
373(1)
10.2.2 Mechanical APDL Command Dictionary
373(1)
10.2.3 Sketching Aids
374(1)
10.3 Accessing the Log File
375(1)
10.3.1 Open the Session Log File From the Working Directory
375(1)
10.3.2 List the Session Log File From Within ANSYS
375(1)
10.3.3 Export and Open the Database Log File
375(1)
10.4 Common Features of GUI-Generated Log Files
376(5)
10.4.1 The Header Block
376(1)
10.4.2 Release and Time Stamps
376(1)
10.4.3 LGWRITE Commands
376(1)
10.4.4 Material Property Blocks
377(1)
10.4.5 Picker Blocks
377(1)
10.4.6 Nonessential Commands
378(1)
10.4.7 Extra Commands
378(1)
10.4.8 Repeated Commands
379(1)
10.4.9 Reversed Commands
380(1)
10.4.10 Commands That Generate Warnings or Errors
380(1)
10.4.11 Extra Spaces
380(1)
10.4.12 Extra Syntax
380(1)
10.5 Guidelines for the Sequential Method
381(2)
10.5.1 Procedure for Editing a Log File
381(1)
10.5.2 Procedure for Extracting Commands From a Log File
382(1)
10.6 Debugging an Input File
383(1)
10.6.1 Types of Input File Errors
383(1)
10.6.2 End-of-File Commands
383(1)
10.6.3 The Debugging Process
384(1)
10.7 Documenting Your Work
384(53)
10.7.1 Documenting Modeling Assumptions and Decisions
384(1)
10.7.2 Commenting an Input File
385(2)
Exercise 10-1 Using the Sequential Method to Create an Input File for 1D Steady-State Conduction Through a Steel Clad Copper Pan
387(20)
Exercise 10-2 Using the Concurrent Method to Modify an Input File for Steady-State Conduction Through a Cladded Plate
407(12)
Exercise 10-3 Using the Direct Method to Create a Batch File for Steady-State Conduction Through a Cladded Plate With Varying Surface Temperatures
419(18)
Appendix:
Chapter and Section Numbering for Selected ANSYS Mechanical APDL 17.2 Documentation		 437(4)
Index 441
Kate is a Mechanical Engineer with almost 20 years of experience using ANSYS for engineering design and analysis in academia and industry. Kate specializes in finite element modeling of microscale surface phenomena, parametric design, new product development, design for manufacturing, engineering design theory and methodology, and engineering design education and assessment. She has taught ANSYS and finite element analysis at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and has held faculty positions at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Kate is currently engaged in material and process research and development at GE Additive. She earned her SB, SM, and PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. John is a Mechanical Engineer with almost 50 years of experience using the finite element method for engineering analysis. From 1967 to 1971, he worked with special purpose finite element programs at the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. He switched to general purpose finite element programs with the initial release of ANSYS in 1971. John served as a consultant to the ANSYS Headquarters Technical Support Group for 20 years where he specialized in nonlinear material models, APDL, User Programmable Features, specialty applications, and other non-standard uses and customizations of the program. He has used ANSYS as a consulting engineer to support Fortune 500 companies and has taught ANSYS and finite element analysis at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Korea Advanced Institute of Technology (KAIST). John is currently a Professor of Industrial and Engineering Technology and a registered Professional Engineer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He earned his B.S.M.E., M.S.M.E., and Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh.