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Antennas and Propagation for 5G and Beyond [Kõva köide]

Edited by (University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engineering, UK), Edited by (University of Glasgow, James Watt School of Engi), Edited by (University of Maine, Frontier Institute for Research in Sensor Technologies, USA), Edited by (Queen Mary University of London, UK)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 408 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm
  • Sari: Telecommunications
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Sep-2020
  • Kirjastus: Institution of Engineering and Technology
  • ISBN-10: 1839530979
  • ISBN-13: 9781839530975
Teised raamatud teemal:
Antennas and Propagation for 5G and BeyondSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 408 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm
  • Sari: Telecommunications
  • Ilmumisaeg: 14-Sep-2020
  • Kirjastus: Institution of Engineering and Technology
  • ISBN-10: 1839530979
  • ISBN-13: 9781839530975
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781839530975.html
Märksõnad:

Transforming the way we live, work, and engage with our environment, 5G and beyond technologies will provide much higher bandwidth and connectivity to billions of devices. This brings enormous opportunities but of course the widespread deployment of these technologies faces challenges, including the need for reliable connectivity, a diverse range of bandwidths, dynamic spectrum sharing, channel modelling and wave propagation for ultra-dense wireless networks, as well as price pressures. The choice of an antenna system will also be a critical component of all node end devices and will present several design challenges such as size, purpose, shape and placement. In this edited book, the authors bring new approaches for exploiting challenging propagation channels and the development of efficient, cost-effective, scalable, and reliable antenna systems and solutions, as well as future perspectives.

The book is aimed at a wide audience of industry and academic researchers, scientists and engineers as well as advanced students in the field of antennas, ICTs, signal processing and electromagnetics. It will also be useful to network and system designers, developers and manufacturers. Stakeholders, government regulators, policy makers and standards bodies can use the information provided here to better understand the effects of the technology on the market and future developments for 5G and beyond systems and networks.



5G and beyond technologies will bring much higher bandwidth and connectivity to billions of devices. In this book, the authors explore new approaches for exploiting challenging propagation channels and the development of efficient, cost-effective, scalable, and reliable antenna systems and solutions.

About the editors xiii
1 Introduction to antennas and propagation for 5G and beyond
1(12)
Qammer H. Abbasi
Syeda F. Jilani
Akram Alomainy
Muhammad A. Imran
1.1 Scope of the 5G networks
3(1)
1.2 Standardisation and spectrum allocation for 5G
4(1)
1.3 Millimetre-wave networks: limitations and mitigation
5(2)
1.4 Antennas and propagation for 5G and beyond
7(1)
1.5 Conclusion
8(1)
References
9(4)
2 Antennas for 5G: state-of-the-art and open challenges
13(22)
Sajid M. Asif
Adnan Iftikhar
Muhammad S. Khan
Muhammad Usman
Raed A. Abd-Alhameed
Richard J. Langley
2.1 Introduction
13(2)
2.2 Key features of 5G antennas
15(3)
2.3 Massive MIMO antenna technology
18(6)
2.3.1 Antenna array topology
19(1)
2.3.2 Single user (SU)-MIMO and multiple user (MU)-MIMO
20(1)
2.3.3 Beamforming antennas in 5G massive MIMO
21(2)
2.3.4 5G MIMO antenna for mobile devices
23(1)
2.4 State-of-the-art phased arrays
24(3)
2.5 5G antenna challenges
27(3)
2.5.1 Active and passive antenna systems
27(1)
2.5.2 Antenna characterization and measurements
28(1)
2.5.3 Challenges with massive MIMO antenna systems
29(1)
2.6 Conclusion
30(1)
References
30(5)
3 Metamaterial antennas for 5G and beyond
35(32)
Muhammad S. Rabbani
James Churm
Alexandros Feresidis
3.1 Channels and antenna requirements for 5G and beyond
35(7)
3.1.1 Channel measurements and capacity estimation
36(3)
3.1.2 Antenna design considerations
39(2)
3.1.3 Reported antenna designs for 5G cellular systems
41(1)
3.2 Metamaterial surfaces (metasurfaces)
42(2)
3.3 Tunability in metamaterial systems
44(3)
3.3.1 Alternative tuning technologies
44(3)
3.4 Leaky-wave antenna and stacked metasurfaces
47(8)
3.4.1 Tuneable HIS-based LWA design
49(5)
3.4.2 Frequency scanning LWA antenna
54(1)
3.5 Millimetre-wave metasurface fabrication
55(2)
3.5.1 Microfabrication for metamaterials
56(1)
3.5.2 Other fabrication
57(1)
3.6 Beyond 5G
57(2)
References
59(8)
4 3D-printed millimetre-wave antennas with spray-coated metalization
67(34)
Shaker Alkaraki
James Kelly
Yue Gao
4.1 Metallic corrugated plate antenna fed using rectangular waveguide
67(9)
4.1.1 Introduction
67(1)
4.1.2 Novel corrugated plate antenna operating at 28.5 GHz
68(1)
4.1.3 Radiation mechanism and operation principles
69(3)
4.1.4 Measured results at 28.5 GHz
72(4)
4.2 Metallization techniques for 3D-printed antennas
76(12)
4.2.1 Introduction
76(2)
4.2.2 Performance of metallization techniques at 30 GHz
78(1)
4.2.3 3D printer
78(2)
4.2.4 Metallization techniques
80(2)
4.2.5 Metallization procedure
82(1)
4.2.6 Operating principles
83(2)
4.2.7 Measured results at 30 GHz
85(1)
4.2.8 Discussion and analysis
85(3)
4.3 Compact 3D-printed antenna
88(9)
4.3.1 Operating principles
89(2)
4.3.2 Fabrication tolerances and antenna performance
91(6)
References
97(4)
5 Multiband millimetre-wave antennas for 5G and beyond
101(22)
Masood Ur Rehman
Qammer H. Abbasi
5.1 Fundamentals of multiband antennas
102(2)
5.1.1 Multiband techniques
102(2)
5.2 Multiband antennas for millimetre-wave 5G and beyond networks
104(2)
5.3 Design of multiband millimetre-wave antenna for 5G and beyond: a case study
106(13)
5.3.1 Concept and topology
106(2)
5.3.2 Parametric study
108(2)
5.3.3 Antenna performance analysis
110(7)
5.3.4 Comparative analysis
117(2)
5.4 Summary
119(1)
References
119(4)
6 On-chip antenna: challenges and design considerations
123(34)
Atif Shamim
Haoran Zhang
6.1 Introduction
123(2)
6.2 On-chip antenna challenges
125(10)
6.2.1 Incompatible CMOS stack-up
125(3)
6.2.2 Co-design of circuits and on-chip antenna
128(3)
6.2.3 On-chip antenna layout issue
131(1)
6.2.4 On-chip antenna characterization
132(3)
6.3 On-chip antenna overview
135(10)
6.3.1 Gain and radiation efficiency enhancement
135(6)
6.3.2 Co-simulation of OCAs and circuits
141(2)
6.3.3 Advance on-chip antenna characterization methods
143(2)
6.4 Emerging trends
145(4)
6.4.1 Drive toward higher frequencies reaching terahertz bands
146(1)
6.4.2 OCA becoming a key for biomedical wireless implants
147(1)
6.4.3 Advanced simulation platforms for codesign of OCAs and circuits
148(1)
6.4.4 Specialized CMOS process for OCA
148(1)
References
149(8)
7 Reflectarray antennas: potentials for 5G and beyond
157(38)
Muhammad I. Abbasi
Muhammad H. Dahri
Mohd H. Jamaluddin
Muhammad R. Kamarudin
Fauziahanim C. Seman
7.1 Reflectarrays for 5G
159(1)
7.2 Reflectarray bandwidth enhancement
159(4)
7.3 High-gain reflectarray design techniques
163(2)
7.4 Techniques for high-efficiency reflectarrays
165(4)
7.5 Polarisation diversity in reflectarray
169(2)
7.6 Adaptive beam steering in reflectarrays
171(2)
7.7 Design of a mm-wave reflectarray antenna for 5G communication systems
173(16)
7.7.1 Design and fabrication of unit cells
173(2)
7.7.2 Scattering parameter measurements and analysis
175(2)
7.7.3 Periodic reflectarray design
177(3)
7.7.4 Reflectarray fabrication and radiation-pattern measurements
180(3)
7.7.5 Beam-steering reflectarray
183(6)
References
189(6)
8 Performance modelling of wireless Xhaul and associate impact on network provisioning for 5G and beyond
195(44)
Mona Jaber
Francisco Javier Lopez Martinez
Akram Alomainy
8.1 Modelling the performance of a multi-hop hybrid BH
198(7)
8.1.1 System model
198(1)
8.1.2 BH constraints and characteristics
199(1)
8.1.3 Topology of hybrid BH
200(1)
8.1.4 Hybrid BH performance models
201(4)
8.2 Modelling the performance of the wireless BH
205(15)
8.2.1 System model
206(3)
8.2.2 Wireless BH performance
209(9)
8.2.3 Wireless BH in a multi-hop hybrid network
218(2)
8.3 Case study on using modular approach to unlock the realistic BH
220(8)
8.3.1 Monte Carlo simulations
221(1)
8.3.2 Users' and network's KPIs
222(1)
8.3.3 Adopted models and results
223(4)
8.3.4 Upgrade solution
227(1)
8.4 Intelligent wireless backhauling
228(6)
8.4.1 System model and simulations settings
229(1)
8.4.2 Results and analysis
230(2)
8.4.3 Concluding remarks
232(2)
References
234(5)
9 OTA test methods and candidates for 5G and beyond
239(26)
Tian Hong Loh
9.1 Introduction
239(1)
9.2 OTA test methods
240(5)
9.2.1 Definition of OTA test
241(1)
9.2.2 Definition of figures of merits
241(1)
9.2.3 SISO OTA test methods
242(1)
9.2.4 MIMO OTA test methods
243(2)
9.3 Test methodologies
245(13)
9.3.1 Key figure of merits
246(1)
9.3.2 Standardization and ongoing work
246(1)
9.3.3 Candidate methodologies
246(12)
9.4 Challenges for 5G and beyond
258(1)
9.5 Conclusions
259(1)
Acknowledgement
259(1)
References
259(6)
10 Beamformer development challenges for 5G and beyond
265(36)
Muhammad Ali Babar Abbasi
Vincent F. Fusco
10.1 Introduction
266(3)
10.2 Beamformer type classification
269(22)
10.2.1 Classification based on architecture
269(9)
10.2.2 Classification based on frequency
278(2)
10.2.3 Classification based on the use case
280(11)
10.3 Conclusion
291(1)
References
291(10)
11 Massive MIMO channels
301(34)
Trinh Van Chien
Hien Quoc Ngo
11.1 Introduction
301(2)
11.2 Massive MIMO system
303(1)
11.3 Channel models
304(5)
11.3.1 Uncorrelated Rician channels
305(1)
11.3.2 Spatial correlated channels
306(1)
11.3.3 Double-scattering channels
307(2)
11.4 Favorable propagation
309(5)
11.5 Channel hardening
314(8)
11.5.1 Channel hardening for different channel models
315(5)
11.5.2 Channel hardening and spectral efficiency
320(2)
11.6 Channel sparsity
322(1)
11.7 Conclusion
323(8)
References
331(4)
12 Novel aspects in terahertz wireless communications
335(44)
Fawad Sheikh
Muath Al-Hasan
Thomas Kaiser
12.1 Terahertz wave propagation characteristics
337(1)
12.2 Free-space propagation
337(7)
12.2.1 Propagation loss factor of atmospheric attenuation
338(2)
12.2.2 Novel findings from candle flame analysis
340(4)
12.3 Reflection by a smooth surface
344(2)
12.3.1 Dependence of the reflection coefficient on polarization
344(1)
12.3.2 Dependence on the grazing angle
345(1)
12.3.3 Dependence on frequency
346(1)
12.4 Reflection by a rough surface
346(9)
12.4.1 Basic geometry of scattering
347(1)
12.4.2 Statistical description of rough surface
348(2)
12.4.3 The Rayleigh method
350(4)
12.4.4 Depolarization
354(1)
12.5 Diffraction
355(1)
12.6 Scenario environments
356(3)
12.6.1 First environment
357(1)
12.6.2 Second environment
358(1)
12.7 Frequency dependence of material properties
359(1)
12.8 Development of THz standards
359(2)
12.9 Rough surfaces at THz frequencies
361(2)
12.9.1 Gaussian rough surfaces
361(2)
12.9.2 Non-Gaussian rough surfaces
363(1)
12.10 Novel solution of the scattering problem in THz
363(11)
12.10.1 Rayleigh--Rice (R--R) model
363(3)
12.10.2 Classical Beckmann--Kirchhoff (cB--K) model
366(1)
12.10.3 Assumptions
366(6)
12.10.4 Modified Beckmann--Kirchhoff (mB--K) model
372(2)
12.11 Summary
374(1)
References
374(5)
13 Conclusion and future perspectives
379(4)
Qammer H. Abbasi
Syeda F. Jdani
Akram Alomainy
Muhammad A. Imran
13.1 Conclusion
379(1)
13.2 Future perspectives
380(3)
13.2.1 Artificial intelligence and cognitive radio
381(1)
13.2.2 Wireless system requirements beyond 5G
381(1)
13.2.3 Terahertz frequency spectrum
381(1)
13.2.4 Intelligent reflective surfaces and machine learning
382(1)
13.2.5 Energy harvesting
382(1)
Index 383
Qammer H. Abbasi is a senior lecturer and deputy head of the Communications Sensing and Imaging research group at the James Watt School of Engineering in the University of Glasgow, UK. His research interests cover the fields of 5G and beyond antenna and propagation, nano communication, wearable and implantable communication and sensors. He is one of the Investigator for Glasgow's project under Scotland 5G Centre. He is a college member of EPSRC UK and FWO Belgium, a senior member of the IEEE and endorsed as UK Exceptional talent by Royal Academy of Engineering.



Syeda F. Jilani is a research scientist at the Frontier Institute for Research in Sensor Technologies of the University of Maine, USA. Her research interests cover the areas of 5G, millimetre-wave antennas, adaptable antennas, wearable antenna technology, conformal meta-textiles, harsh-environment sensors, microfabrication and RF devices.



Akram Alomainy is a reader in antennas and applied electromagnetics, and a member of the Antennas and Electromagnetics Research Group at Queen Mary University of London, UK. He is the URSI Commission B UK Representative and Associate member of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS). He is a chartered engineer, a college member of EPSRC UK and FWO Belgium, a senior member of the IEEE and a member of the IET.



Muhammad A. Imran is Dean of the University of Glasgow UESTC, a professor of communication systems at the James Watt School of Engineering and a head of the Communications Sensing and Imaging research group. He is an affiliate professor at the University of Oklahoma, USA, and a visiting professor at the 5G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey, UK. He is the Principal Investigator for Glasgow's project under Scotland 5G Centre. He is a chartered engineer, a college member of EPSRC UK and FWO Belgium, an IET fellow, a senior member of the IEEE and a senior fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK.