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Anthropology: Asking Questions about Human Origins, Diversity, and Culture 2nd ed. [köitmata]

(University of Notre Dame), (University of Vermont),
  • Formaat: Loose-leaf, 576 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 211x277x20 mm, kaal: 1157 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Sep-2019
  • Kirjastus: OUP India
  • ISBN-10: 0190057394
  • ISBN-13: 9780190057398
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  • Formaat: Loose-leaf, 576 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 211x277x20 mm, kaal: 1157 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Sep-2019
  • Kirjastus: OUP India
  • ISBN-10: 0190057394
  • ISBN-13: 9780190057398
Teised raamatud teemal:
This general anthropology text takes a holistic approach that emphasizes critical thinking, active learning, and applying anthropology to solve contemporary human problems. Building on the classical foundations of the discipline, Anthropology: Asking Questions About Human Origins, Diversity, and Culture, Second Edition, shows students how anthropology is connected to such current topics as food, health and medicine, and the environment. Full of relevant examples and current topics--with a focus on contemporary problems and questions--the book demonstrates the diversity and dynamism of anthropology today.
Letter from the Authors xxi
About the Authors xxiii
Preface xxv
Acknowledgments xxx
Part I The Anthropological Perspective
1 Anthropology: Asking Questions About Humanity
3(26)
How Did Anthropology Begin?
5(2)
The Disruptions of Industrialization
5(1)
The Theory of Evolution
5(1)
Colonial Origins of Cultural Anthropology
6(1)
Anthropology as a Global Discipline
6(1)
What Do the Four Subfields of Anthropology Have in Common?
7(6)
Culture
9(1)
Cultural Relativism
10(1)
Human Diversity
11(1)
Change
12(1)
Holism
13(1)
How Do Anthropologists Know What They Know?
13(6)
The Scientific Method in Anthropology
14(4)
When Anthropology Is Not a Science: Interpreting Other Cultures
18(1)
How Do Anthropologists Put Their Knowledge to Work in the World?
19(4)
Applied and Practicing Anthropology: "The Fifth Subfield"?
20(1)
Putting Anthropology to Work
20(3)
What Ethical Obligations Do Anthropologists Have?
23
Do No Harm
23(1)
Take Responsibility for Your Work
24(1)
Share Your Findings
24
Classic Contributions: E.B. Tylor and the Culture Concept
10(5)
Doing Fieldwork: Conducting Holistic Research with Stanley Ulijaszek
15(4)
The Anthropological Life: Anthropologists are Innovative
19(3)
The Anthropological Life: Key Characteristics of Anthropologists in the Workplace
22(7)
2 Culture: Giving Meaning to Human Lives
29(20)
What Is Culture?
30(8)
Elements of Culture
31(5)
Defining Culture in This Book
36(2)
If Culture Is Always Changing, Why Does It Feel So Stable?
38(2)
Symbols
38(1)
Values
38(1)
Norms
39(1)
Traditions
39(1)
How Do Social Institutions Express Culture?
40(3)
Culture and Social Institutions
41(1)
American Culture Expressed Through Breakfast Cereals and Sexuality
41(2)
Can Anybody Own Culture?
43
The Anthropological Life: Cultural Anthropology and Human Possibilities
35(2)
Classic Contributions: Franz Boas and the Relativity of Culture
37(8)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Michael Ames and Collaborative Museum Exhibits
45(4)
3 Human Biocultural Evolution: Emergence of the Biocultural Animal
49(30)
Life Changes. But What Does It Mean To Say It Evolves?
51(7)
A Brief Primer on the Rise of Evolutionary Thinking
51(2)
Differentiating Evolution from Simple Change
53(2)
What It Means to Have Common Ancestry
55(2)
Why Evolution Is Important to Anthropology...and Anthropology to Evolution
57(1)
What Are the Actual Mechanisms Through Which Evolution Occurs?
58(8)
The Modern Synthesis
59(1)
Basic Sources of Biological Change: Genes, DNA, and Cells
59(3)
Genetic Mechanisms of Evolution
62(2)
Non-Genetic Mechanisms of Evolution
64(2)
How Do Biocultural Patterns Affect Evolution?
66(3)
Human Inheritance Involves Multiple Systems
66(2)
Evolutionary Processes Are Developmentally Open-Ended
68(1)
The Importance of Constructivist Evolutionary Approaches for Biocultural Anthropology
68(1)
Are Modern Humans Evolving, And Where Might We Be Headed?
69(2)
The Impact of Disease on Evolution
69(1)
Cultural Practices, Morphology, and Evolution
70(1)
Looking to the Future
71
Global Population and Human Density
73(1)
Genetic Manipulation
73(1)
Adaptive Behavioral Patterns
74
Classic Contributions: Clyde Kluckhohn and the Role of Evolution in Anthropology
58(14)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Clarifying the Biocultural and Evolutionary Dimensions of Obesity
72(7)
4 Cross-Cultural Interactions: Understanding Culture and Globalization
79(27)
Are Cross-Cultural Interactions All That New?
82(2)
Is the Contemporary World Really Getting Smaller?
84(5)
Defining Globalization
85(1)
The World We Live In
86(3)
What Are The Outcomes of Global Integration?
89(6)
Colonialism and World Systems Theory
89(1)
Cultures of Migration
90(2)
Resistance at the Periphery
92(1)
Globalizing and Localizing Identities
93(2)
Doesn't Everyone Want to Be Developed?
95(3)
What Is Development?
96(1)
Development Anthropology
96(1)
Anthropology of Development
97(1)
Change on Their Own Terms
98(1)
If the World Is Not Becoming Homogenized, What Is Actually Happening?
98
Cultural Convergence Theories
99(1)
Hybridization
99
Classic Contributions: Eric Wolf, Culture, and the World System
91(3)
The Anthropological Life: Coldplay and the Global Citizen Festival
94(7)
Doing Fieldwork: Tracking Emergent Forms of Citizenship with Aihwa Ong
101(5)
Part II Becoming Human
Methods Memo: How Do Anthropologists Study Human and Primate Biological Processes?
106(3)
5 Living Primates: Comparing Monkeys, Apes, and Humans
109(32)
What Does It Mean To Be a Primate, and Why Does It Matter to Anthropology?
111(7)
What It Means To Be a Primate
111(2)
The Distinctions Between Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini
113(2)
Primatology as Anthropology
115(3)
What Are the Basic Patterns of Primate Behavioral Diversity, and Under What Conditions Did They Develop?
118(5)
Common Behavior Patterns Among Primates
119(1)
The Emergence of Primate Behavioral Diversity
120(3)
How Do Behavior Patterns Among Monkeys and Apes Compare with Humans?
123(7)
The Lives of Macaques
123(1)
The Lives of Chimpanzees and Bonobos
124(5)
So How Do They Compare to Us?
129(1)
What Does Studying Monkeys and Apes Really Illustrate About Human Distinctiveness?
130
Primate Social Organization and Human Behavior
131(1)
We Have Culture. Do They Too?
131
The Anthropological Life: So You Want to Work with Primates?
118(7)
Doing Fieldwork: The Ethics of Working with Great Apes
125(7)
Classic Contributions: Sherwood Washburn and the New (Integrative) Physical Anthropology
132(4)
Methods Memo: How Do Anthropologists Study Ancient Primates and Human Origins?
136(5)
6 Ancestral Humans: Understanding the Human Family Tree
141(40)
Who Are Our Earliest Possible Ancestors?
143(15)
Our Earliest Ancestors Were Hominins
143(1)
The Fossil Record of Hominins in Africa
144(1)
The Three Hominin Genera
145(4)
Who Is Our Most Direct Ancestor?
149(7)
Possible Phylogenies, with Caveats
156(2)
What Did Walking on Two Legs and Having Big Brains Mean for the Early Hominins?
158(3)
The Benefits of Upright Movement
158(1)
The Effects of Big Brains on Early Hominin Behavior
159(2)
Who Were the First Humans, and Where Did They Live?
161(3)
Introducing Homo erectus
161(1)
The Emergence of Archaic Humans
162(2)
Who Were the Neanderthals and Denisovans?
164
Anatomically Modern Humans Hit the Scene
165(1)
How Do We Know If the First Humans Were Cultural Beings, and What Role Did Culture Play in Their Evolution?
166(1)
The Emerging Cultural Capacity of H. erectus
167(7)
Culture Among Archaic Humans
174(1)
Social Cooperation and Symbolic Expression
174
The Anthropological Life: How to Think Like a Paleoanthropologist
157(3)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Were We "Born to Run"?
160(3)
Classic Contributions: Davidson Black and the Brain Capacity of H. Erectus
163(18)
7 Human Biodiversity Today: Understanding Our Differences and Similarities
181(28)
In What Ways Do Contemporary Humans Vary Biologically?
183(6)
Genetic Variation Within and Between Human Populations
183(1)
Genetic Variation Is Tied to Gene Flow
184(2)
Physiological Diversity and Blood Types
186(1)
Disease Environments and Human Immunity
186(3)
Why Do Human Bodies Look So Different Across the Planet?
189(6)
Is Skin Really Colored?
189(1)
Variations in Body Shape, Stature, and Size
190(5)
Are Differences of Race Also Differences of Biology?
195(7)
The Biological Meanings (and Meaninglessness) of "Human Races"
195(3)
But Isn't There Scientific Evidence for the Existence of Races?
198(4)
What Biocultural Consequences Do Discrimination and Stress Have on Human Bodies?
202
Eugenics: A Weak Theory of Genetic Inheritance
202(1)
The Embodied Consequences of Being a Racialized Minority
203
The Anthropological Life: Have You Ever Considered a Career in Applied Anthropometry?
194(5)
Classic Contributions: Ashley Montagu and "Man's Most Dangerous Myth"
199(1)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Jada Benn Torres and Reparational Genetics in the Caribbean
200(9)
8 The Body: Biocultural Perspectives on Health and Illness
209(25)
How Do Biological and Cultural Factors Shape Our Bodily Experiences?
211(3)
Uniting Mind and Matter: A Biocultural Perspective
211(1)
Culture and Mental Illness
212(2)
What Do We Mean by Health and Illness?
214(3)
The Individual Subjectivity of Illness
214(1)
The "Sick Role": The Social Expectations of Illness
215(2)
How and Why Do Doctors and Other Health Practitioners Gain Social Authority?
217(5)
The Disease-Illness Distinction: Professional and Popular Views of Sickness
218(1)
The Medicalization of the Non-Medical
219(3)
How Does Healing Happen?
222(3)
Clinical Therapeutic Processes
222(1)
Symbolic Therapeutic Processes
223(1)
Social Support
223(1)
Persuasion: The Placebo Effect
223(2)
How Can Anthropology Help Us Address Global Health Problems?
225
Understanding Global Health Problems
225(3)
Anthropological Contributions to Tackling the International HIV/AIDS Crisis
228
Classic Contributions: Arthur Kleinman and the New Medical Anthropological Methodology
220(7)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Nancy Scheper-Hughes on an Engaged Anthropology of Health
227(2)
The Anthropological Life: Zak Kaufman, Grassroot Soccer, and the Fight to Slow the Spread of HIV/AIDS
229(5)
Part III Humans and Their Material Worlds
Methods Memo: What Field Methods Do Archaeologists Use to Study the Human and Environmental Past?
234(7)
9 Materiality: Constructing Social Relationships and Meanings with Things
241(30)
Why Is the Ownership of Prehistoric Artifacts Such a Contentious Issue?
244(7)
Archaeological Excavation and Questions of Ownership
245(1)
Indian Reactions to Archaeological Excavations of Human Remains
246(2)
Cultural Resource Management
248(3)
How Should We Look at Objects Anthropologically?
251(5)
The Many Dimensions of Objects
251(1)
A Shiny New Bicycle in Multiple Dimensions
252(3)
Constructing the Meaning of an Archaeological Artifact
255(1)
How and Why Do the Meanings of Things Change over Time?
256(4)
The Social Life of Things
256(1)
Three Ways Objects Change over Time
257(2)
How Archaeological Specimens Change Meaning over Time
259(1)
What Role Does Material Culture Play in Constructing the Meaning of a Community's Past?
260
Claiming the Past
260(1)
The Politics of Archaeology
261
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: John Terrell, Repatriation, and the Maori Meeting House at the Field Museum
249(3)
The Anthropological Life: Richard Busch, Education Collections Manager at the Denver Museum of Science and Nature.
252(11)
Classic Contributions: Margaret Conkey and the Gender Politics of Understanding Past Lives
263(4)
Methods Memo: Why Is Carbon-14 So Important to Archaeologists?
267(4)
10 Early Agriculture and the Neolithic Revolution: Modifying the Environment to Satisfy Human Demands
271(32)
How Important Was Hunting to Prehistoric Peoples?
273(8)
Taking Stock of Living Hunter-Gatherers
274(1)
"Man the Hunter"
274(4)
Recent Attempts to Understand Prehistoric Hunting Strategies
278(1)
Back to the Past: Understanding Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers
279(2)
Why Did People Start Domesticating Plants and Animals?
281(6)
Why Do Archaeologists Call It the Neolithic Revolution?
282(1)
The Neolithic Revolution: The Beginnings of Food Production
282(1)
The Hilly Flanks Hypothesis
283(2)
The Pressure of Population Growth
285(1)
Other Explanations for the Beginnings of Food Production
286(1)
How Did Early Humans Raise Their Own Food?
287(6)
Domesticating Plants
288(2)
Domesticating Animals
290(1)
Tending Tree Crops: Recent Findings on Arboriculture
291(2)
What Impact Did Raising Plants and Animals Have on Other Aspects of Life?
293
Transhumance: Moving Herds with the Seasons
293(1)
Sedentism and Growing Populations
294
The Anthropological Life: What Are the Responsibilities and Job Description of an Archaeologist?
280(4)
Classic Contributions: V. Gordon Childe on the Neolithic Revolution
284(8)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Michael Heckenberger on the Amazon as a Culturally Managed Landscape
292(7)
Methods Memo: How Do Archaeologists Analyze the Objects They Find?
299(4)
11 The Rise and Decline of Cities and States: Understanding Social Complexity in Prehistory
303(27)
What Does Social Complexity Mean to Archaeologists?
305(12)
Population Growth and Settlement Practices
308(3)
Trade and Contact with Peoples of Different Cultures
311(2)
Specialization and Production Models
313(2)
Does Complexity Always Imply Social Inequality?
315(2)
How Can Archaeologists Identify Social Complexity from Archaeological Sites and Artifacts?
317(4)
Identifying Social Complexity from Sites and Artifacts in Western Mexico
317(1)
Population Growth and Settlement Patterns
317(1)
Soils and Land Use
318(1)
Monuments and Buildings
319(1)
Mortuary Patterns and Skeletal Remains
320(1)
Ceramic, Stone, and Metal Objects
320(1)
How Do Archaeologists Explain Why Cities and States Fall Apart?
321
Rethinking Abandonment in the U.S. Southwest
322(1)
The Transformation (Not Collapse) of the Classic Maya
323
The Anthropological Life: Archaeological Field Schools for Undergraduates
309(1)
Classic Contributions: Robert Carneiro on the Role of Warfare in the Rise of Complex Societies
310(14)
Doing Fieldwork: Studying What Happened After the Migration from the Four Corners with Scott Van Keuren
324(6)
Part IV Human Social Relations and Their Meanings
Methods Memo: How Do Anthropologists Study the Relationship Between Language and Culture?
330(3)
12 Linguistic Anthropology: a Relating Language and Culture
333(28)
Where Does Language Come From?
335(4)
Evolutionary Perspectives on Language
335(1)
Historical Linguistics: Studying Language Origins and Change
336(3)
How Does Language Actually Work?
339(5)
Descriptive Linguistics
339(1)
Phonology: Sounds of Language
339(1)
Morphology: Grammatical Categories
340(1)
Sociolinguistics
341(3)
Does Language Shape How We Experience the World?
344(4)
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
344(1)
Hopi Notions of Time
345(1)
Ethnoscience and Color Terms
345(2)
Is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Correct?
347(1)
If Language Is Always Changing, Why Does It Seem So Stable?
348(3)
Linguistic Change, Stability, and National Policy
348(1)
Language Stability Parallels Cultural Stability
349(2)
How Does Language Relate to Social Power and Inequality?
351
Language Ideology
351(1)
Gendered Language Styles
351(1)
Language and Social Status
352(1)
Language and the Legacy of Colonialism
353
The Anthropological Life: Career Trajectories for Undergraduates with a Linguistic Anthropology Background
341(5)
Classic Contributions: Edward Sapir on How Language Shapes Culture
346(4)
Doing Fieldwork: Helping Communities Preserve Endangered Languages
350(6)
Methods Memo: How Do Anthropologists Use Ethnographic Methods to Study Culture and Social Relations?
356(5)
13 Economics: Working, Sharing, and Buying
361(24)
Is Money Really the Measure of All Things?
363(7)
Culture, Economics, and Value
363(1)
The Neoclassical Perspective
364(1)
The Substantivist-Formalist Debate
365(1)
The Marxist Perspective
366(1)
The Cultural Economics Perspective
367(3)
How Does Culture Shape the Value and Meaning of Money?
370(2)
The Types and Cultural Dimensions of Money
370(1)
Money and the Distribution of Power
371(1)
Why Is Gift Exchange Such an Important Part of All Societies?
372(2)
Gift Exchange and Economy: Two Classic Approaches
372(2)
Gift Exchange in Market-Based Economies
374(1)
What Is the Point of Owning Things?
374(3)
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Property
375(1)
Appropriation and Consumption
376(1)
Does Capitalism Have Distinct Cultures?
377
Culture and Social Relations on Wall Street
378(1)
Entrepreneurial Capitalism Among Malays
378
Classic Contributions: Marshall Sahlins on Exchange in Traditional Economies
367(2)
The Anthropological Life: The Economics of Anthropology
369(10)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Jim Yong Kim's Holistic, On-the-Ground Approach to Fighting Poverty
379(6)
14 Sustainability: Environment and Foodways
385(26)
Do All People See Nature in the Same Way?
387(3)
The Human-Nature Divide?
388(1)
The Cultural Landscape
388(2)
How Do People Secure an Adequate, Meaningful, and Environmentally Sustainable Food Supply?
390(5)
Modes of Subsistence
390(3)
Food, Culture, and Meaning
393(2)
How Does Non-Western Knowledge of Nature and Agriculture Relate to Science?
395(2)
Ethnoscience
396(1)
Traditional Ecological Knowledge
396(1)
How Are Industrial Agriculture and Economic Globalization Linked to Increasing Environmental and Health Problems?
397(7)
Population and Environment
398(1)
Ecological Footprint
398(2)
Industrial Foods, Sedentary Lives, and the Nutrition Transition
400(2)
Anthropology Confronts Climate Change
402(2)
Are Industrialized Western Societies the Only Ones to Conserve Nature?
404
Anthropogenic Landscapes
404(1)
The Culture of Modern Nature Conservation
405(1)
Environmentalism's Alternative Paradigms
405
Classic Contributions: Roy Rappaport's Insider and Outsider Models
389(12)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Migrant Farmworker Food Security in Vermont with Teresa Mares
401(2)
The Anthropological Life: Careers in Sustainability
403(8)
15 Power: Politics and Social Control
411(26)
Does Every Society Have a Government?
413(3)
The Idea of "Politics" and the Problem of Order
413(1)
Structural-Functionalist Models of Political Stability
414(1)
Neo-Evolutionary Models of Political Organization: Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States
414(1)
Challenges to Traditional Political Anthropology
414(2)
What Is Political Power?
416(6)
Defining Political Power
416(1)
Political Power Is Action Oriented
416(1)
Political Power Is Structural
417(1)
Political Power Is Gendered
418(1)
Political Power in Non-State Societies
419(1)
The Political Power of the Contemporary Nation-State
419(3)
How Is Social Inequality Constructed and Upheld?
422(5)
Race, Biology, and the "Natural" Order of Things
422(1)
The Cultural Construction of Race
422(2)
Saying Race Is Culturally Constructed Is Not Enough
424(3)
Why Do Some Societies Seem More Violent Than Others?
427(3)
What Is Violence?
427(1)
Violence and Culture
427(2)
Explaining the Rise of Violence in Our Contemporary World
429(1)
How Do People Avoid Aggression, Brutality, and War?
430
What Disputes Are "About"
430(1)
How People Manage Disputes
431(1)
Is Restoring Harmony Always the Best Way?
432
The Anthropological Life: An Anthropological Politician?
417(4)
Anthropologist As Problem Solver: Maxwell Owusu and Democracy in Ghana
421(5)
Classic Contributions: Hortense Powdermaker on Prejudice
426(11)
16 Kinship and Gender: I Sex, Power, and Control of Men and Women
437(26)
What Are Families, and How Are They Structured in Different Societies?
439(6)
Families, Ideal and Real
439(1)
Nuclear and Extended Families
439(2)
Kinship Terminologies
441(2)
Cultural Patterns in Childrearing
443(1)
How Families Control Power and Wealth
443(2)
Why Do People Get Married?
445(2)
Why People Get Married
445(1)
Forms of Marriage
445(1)
Sex, Love, and the Power of Families over Young Couples
446(1)
How and Why Do Males and Females Differ?
447(6)
Toward a Biocultural Perspective on Male and Female Differences
448(1)
Beyond the Male-Female Dichotomy
449(2)
Explaining Gender/Sex Inequality
451(2)
What Does It Mean to Be Neither Male Nor Female?
453(3)
Navajo Nadleehe
453(2)
Indian Hijras
455(1)
Is Human Sexuality Just a Matter of Being Straight or Queer?
456
Cultural Perspectives on Same-Sex Sexuality
457(2)
Controlling Sexuality
459
The Anthropological Life: Family-Centered Social Work and Anthropology
444(6)
Classic Contributions: Margaret Mead and the Sex/Gender Distinction
450(8)
Doing Fieldwork: Don Kulick and "Coming Out" in the Field
458(5)
17 Religion: Ritual and Belief
463
How Should We Understand Religion and Religious Beliefs?
465(5)
Understanding Religion version 1.0: Edward B. Tylor and Belief in Spirits
466(1)
Understanding Religion version 2.0: Anthony F.C. Wallace on Supernatural Beings, Powers, and Forces
466(1)
Understanding Religion version 3.0: Religion as a System of Symbols
467(1)
Understanding Religion version 4.0: Religion as a System of Social Action
468(1)
Making Sense of the Terrorist Attacks in France: Charlie Hebdo
468(2)
What Forms Does Religion take?
470(5)
Clan Spirits and Clan Identities in New Guinea
471(1)
Totemism in North America
471(1)
Shamanism and Ecstatic Religious Experiences
471(1)
Ritual Symbols That Reinforce a Hierarchical Social Order
472(1)
Polytheism and Monotheism in Ancient Societies
472(1)
World Religions and Universal Understandings of the World
473(1)
How Does Atheism Fit in the Discussion?
474(1)
How Do Rituals Work?
475(4)
Magical Thought in Non-Western Cultures
475(1)
Sympathetic Magic: The Law of Similarity and the Law of Contagion
476(1)
Magic in Western Societies
477(1)
Rites of Passage and the Ritual Process
477(2)
How Is Religion Linked to Political and Social Action?
479
The Rise of Fundamentalism
479(1)
Understanding Fundamentalism
479
The Anthropological Life: Is Anthropology Compatible With Religious Faith?
474(4)
Classic Contributions: Sir James G. Frazer on Sympathetic Magic
478(3)
Doing Fieldwork: Studying the Sikh Militants
481(4)
Epilogue: Anthropology and the Future of Human Diversity 485(6)
Glossary 491(8)
References 499(18)
Credits 517(6)
Index 523
9780367380953
Preface xvii
Authors xxi
OPNET Trademark Information xxiii
Chapter 1 Getting Started with OPNET 1(20)
1.1 OPNET IT Guru and Modeler
1(3)
1.1.1 Installing OPNET IT Guru and Modeler
2(1)
1.1.2 OPNET License Server
2(1)
1.1.3 Folders Created at Installation
3(1)
1.1.4 Enabling Optional Product Modules
3(1)
1.2 Managing OPNET Preferences
4(3)
1.2.1 The Preferences Editor
5(1)
1.2.2 Changing Preference Values
6(1)
1.2.3 The Environment File
6(1)
1.3 Viewing Documentation
7(1)
1.4 Working with Files and Model Directories
7(4)
1.4.1 File Chooser Modes
9(1)
1.4.2 Adding Model Directories
9(2)
1.5 Projects and Scenarios
11(1)
1.6 Working with Projects
12(3)
1.6.1 Opening an Existing Project
12(1)
1.6.2 Creating a New Project with the Startup Wizard
12(2)
1.6.3 Deleting a Project
14(1)
1.7 Working with Scenarios
15(6)
1.7.1 Creating Scenarios
15(1)
1.7.2 Managing Scenarios
16(2)
1.7.3 Selecting a Scenario
18(1)
1.7.4 Importing Scenario Components
18(3)
Chapter 2 Creating Network Topology 21(24)
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Object Palette Tree Utility for Creating Network Topology
22(4)
2.2.1 Model Naming Conventions
24(1)
2.2.2 Models in the internet_toolbox Palette
25(1)
2.3 Working with the Object Palette Tree
26(2)
2.3.1 Opening the Object Palette
26(1)
2.3.2 Searching for Models in the Object Palette
27(1)
2.3.3 Creating Custom Models
27(1)
2.4 Creating Network Topology
28(2)
2.4.1 Creating Network Topology: Adding Nodes
29(1)
2.4.2 Creating Network Topology: Adding Links
29(1)
2.4.3 Creating Network Topology: Deleting Nodes or Links
30(1)
2.4.4 Creating Network Topology: Other Editing Operations
30(1)
2.5 The Rapid Configuration Tool
30(2)
2.5.1 Creating Network Topology with the Rapid Configuration Tool
30(1)
2.5.2 Example: Creating Ethernet LAN with the Rapid Configuration Tool
31(1)
2.6 Configuring Link Objects
32(3)
2.6.1 Changing Basic Link Properties
32(1)
2.6.2 Verifying Link Connectivity
33(2)
2.7 Failing and Recovering Network Elements
35(1)
2.8 Subnets
36(5)
2.8.1 Adding a Subnet Object
37(1)
2.8.2 Moving Around the Network Hierarchy
38(2)
2.8.3 Creating a Network Topology with Subnetworks
40(1)
2.8.4 Moving Objects between Subnets
40(1)
2.9 Creating Topology Annotation
41(2)
2.9.1 Adding Annotation Palette Object to the Project Workspace
42(1)
2.9.2 Modifying Attributes of Annotation Palette Objects
42(1)
2.9.3 Showing/Hiding Annotation Palette Objects in the Project Workspace
43(1)
2.10 Removing Node Clutter
43(2)
Chapter 3 Configuring Network Topology 45(22)
3.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2 Object Attributes
46(3)
3.2.1 Types of Attributes
46(1)
3.2.2 The Object Pop-Up Menu
47(2)
3.3 The Edit Attributes Dialog Box
49(5)
3.3.1 Accessing Attribute Description
50(1)
3.3.2 Working with Compound and Grouping Attributes
51(1)
3.3.3 Attributes with Multiple Instances
51(1)
3.3.4 Filtering Attributes
52(1)
3.3.5 Finding Attributes Using Regular Edit Attributes Filtering Feature
53(1)
3.3.6 Finding Attributes Using Advanced Edit Attributes Filtering Feature
53(1)
3.4 Configuring Object Properties
54(3)
3.4.1 Changing Attribute Values of a Single Object
54(1)
3.4.2 Changing Attribute Values of Multiple Objects
54(1)
3.4.3 Editing Selected Objects
55(1)
3.4.4 Editing Similar Nodes or Links
56(1)
3.4.5 The Model Attribute of an Object
56(1)
3.5 Promoting Object Attributes
57(10)
3.5.1 Promoting an Object Attribute
59(1)
3.5.2 Unpromoting an Object Attribute
60(1)
3.5.3 Configuring Promoted Object Attributes at the Simulation Level
60(1)
3.5.4 Specifying Values for Promoted Attributes at the Simulation Level
61(2)
3.5.5 Configuring Promoted Attributes at the Subnet Level
63(1)
3.5.6 Using the Wildcard Option for Assigning Values to Multiple Promoted Attributes
64(3)
Chapter 4 Configuring and Running a Simulation 67(48)
4.1 Simulation Statistics in OPNET
67(4)
4.1.1 Statistic Collection Modes
68(2)
4.1.2 Deciding Which Statistics to Collect
70(1)
4.2 Selecting Simulation Statistics
71(8)
4.2.1 Choose Results Window
71(3)
4.2.2 Selecting Simulation Statistics for a Single Specific Network Object
74(1)
4.2.3 Selecting Simulation Statistics for the Whole Scenario
74(1)
4.2.4 Selecting Global Simulation Statistics
74(1)
4.2.5 Statistic Information and Data Collection Panes
75(1)
4.2.6 Statistic Draw Styles
76(1)
4.2.7 Statistic Collection Modes
76(2)
4.2.8 Modifying Statistic Collection Properties
78(1)
4.3 Configuring and Running a Simulation
79(11)
4.3.1 Configure/Run DES Window: Simple Mode
80(2)
4.3.2 Configure/Run DES Window: Detailed Mode
82(2)
4.3.3 Simulation Sequence Editor
84(1)
4.3.4 Configuring and Executing a Single Simulation Scenario
85(1)
4.3.5 Configuring and Executing Multiple Simulation Scenarios through Manage Scenarios
85(1)
4.3.6 Setting Values for Promoted Attributes
86(1)
4.3.7 Simulation Execution
87(3)
4.4 Results Browser
90(7)
4.4.1 Source Pane of the Results Browser
90(2)
4.4.2 Results Pane of the Results Browser
92(2)
4.4.3 Preview and Presentation Panes of the Results Browser
94(2)
4.4.4 Analysis Panels
96(1)
4.5 Viewing Simulation Results with the Results Browser
97(5)
4.5.1 Viewing Simulation Results for the Current Scenario
97(1)
4.5.2 Viewing Simulation Results for a Specific Object in the Network
98(1)
4.5.3 Viewing Simulation Results for Scenarios in This and Other Projects
98(1)
4.5.4 Comparing Simulation Results
98(1)
4.5.5 Adding New Statistics to Existing Graphs
99(1)
4.5.6 Finding Top Results
99(2)
4.5.7 Viewing Results with the Time Controller
101(1)
4.6 Manipulating Analysis Panels
102(4)
4.6.1 Hiding/Showing Analysis Panels
102(1)
4.6.2 Arranging Analysis Panels
103(1)
4.6.3 Deleting Analysis Panels
103(1)
4.6.4 Converting Panels into Annotation Objects
103(2)
4.6.5 Reloading Analysis Panels with New Results
105(1)
4.7 Advanced Analysis Panel Properties
106(4)
4.7.1 Panel Area Pop-Up Menu
107(1)
4.7.2 Graph Area Pop-Up Menu
108(2)
4.8 DES Log
110(5)
4.8.1 Discrete Event Simulation Tab
111(1)
4.8.2 Miscellaneous Tab
112(3)
Chapter 5 Standard Applications 115(38)
5.1 Modeling Traffic Sources in OPNET
115(1)
5.2 Types of Traffic Source Models in OPNET
115(3)
5.2.1 Explicit Traffic Models
116(1)
5.2.2 Background Traffic Models
117(1)
5.2.3 Hybrid Traffic Models
118(1)
5.3 Including Applications in a Simulation Model
118(6)
5.3.1 Application Config Utility Object
120(2)
5.3.2 Configuring Standard Applications
122(2)
5.4 Description of Standard Applications
124(16)
5.4.1 Database
124(3)
5.4.2 E-mail
127(1)
5.4.3 FTP
128(1)
5.4.4 HTTP
129(4)
5.4.5 Print
133(1)
5.4.6 Remote Login
134(1)
5.4.7 Video Conferencing
135(1)
5.4.8 Voice
136(4)
5.5 Using Symbolic Node Names
140(3)
5.5.1 Manually Configuring an Application's Source Preferences
140(2)
5.5.2 Manually Configuring an Application's Destination Preferences
142(1)
5.6 Application Statistics
143(10)
Chapter 6 Advanced Traffic Generation Features 153(36)
6.1 Introduction to Custom Applications
153(3)
6.2 Configuring Tasks and Phases for Custom Applications
156(10)
6.2.1 Task Config Utility Object
156(1)
6.2.2 Specifying Task Definitions
157(1)
6.2.3 Specifying Phase Configurations
158(7)
6.2.4 Summary: Configuring Tasks for Custom Applications
165(1)
6.3 Defining Custom Applications in OPNET
166(2)
6.4 Example of Configuring Custom Applications in OPNET
168(4)
6.5 Explicit Packet Generation Sources
172(3)
6.6 Application Demands and Traffic Flows
175(7)
6.6.1 Application Demands
176(1)
6.6.2 Traffic Flow Demands
177(3)
6.6.3 Baseline Loads
180(2)
6.7 Custom Application Statistics
182(1)
6.8 Statistics for Application and Traffic Demands
183(5)
6.9 Statistics for Explicit Packet Generation Sources and Baseline Loads
188(1)
Chapter 7 Specifying User Profiles and Deploying Applications 189(34)
7.1 User Profiles
189(1)
7.2 Specifying User Profiles
189(11)
7.2.1 Profile Config Utility Object
190(1)
7.2.2 Defining a User Profile
191(1)
7.2.3 An Example of a Simple User Profile
192(1)
7.2.4 Configuring Application Behavior within a Profile
193(1)
7.2.5 Application Behavior Attributes
194(4)
7.2.6 Profile Behavior Attributes
198(2)
7.2.7 Configuring User Profiles
200(1)
7.3 Examples of Configuring User Profiles
200(5)
7.4 Using the Application Deployment Wizard for Deploying User Profiles
205(9)
7.4.1 Network Tree Browser Panel
206(1)
7.4.2 Application Deployment Hints Panel
207(1)
7.4.3 Dialog Box Controls Panel
207(1)
7.4.4 Application Deployment Operations Panel
208(1)
7.4.5 Deploy Applications Option
209(3)
7.4.6 Edit Destination Preferences Option
212(1)
7.4.7 Edit LAN Configuration Option
212(1)
7.4.8 Clearing Application Deployment
213(1)
7.5 Deploying User Profiles without Application Deployment Wizard
214(5)
7.5.1 Configuring Client Nodes
214(1)
7.5.2 Configuring Server Nodes
215(2)
7.5.3 Specifying Destination Preferences
217(1)
7.5.4 Specifying Number of Clients in a LAN Object
217(1)
7.5.5 Specifying the Transport Protocol Used by an Application
218(1)
7.6 Common Mistakes in Profile Configuration and Application Deployment
219(4)
Chapter 8 Transport Layer: TCP and UDP Protocols 223(12)
8.1 Introduction
223(1)
8.2 Supported TCP Features
224(3)
8.3 TCP Configuration Attributes
227(3)
8.4 Common Transport Layer Statistics
230(5)
Chapter 9 Network Layer: Introduction to the IP Protocol 235(36)
9.1 Introduction
235(1)
9.2 Basic IP Configuration Attributes
236(8)
9.2.1 Basic IP Configuration Attributes of an End Node Model
236(3)
9.2.2 Basic IP Configuration Attributes of a Core Node
239(5)
9.3 Managing IP Addresses
244(7)
9.3.1 IP Addresses and Masks
244(1)
9.3.2 Identifying Names of Interfaces Attached to a Link
245(1)
9.3.3 Common Mistakes in IP Address Configuration
246(1)
9.3.4 Auto-Assignment of IP Addresses
247(2)
9.3.5 Clearing IP Address Assignment
249(1)
9.3.6 Identifying Interface with a Specified IP Address
250(1)
9.3.7 Exporting IP Address Allocation
251(1)
9.4 Configuring Other IP Features
251(7)
9.4.1 IP Compression
252(1)
9.4.2 Basic Configuration of Routing Protocols
253(2)
9.4.3 Configuring Different Types of IP Interfaces
255(2)
9.4.4 Configuring IP Load Balancing
257(1)
9.5 Internet Control Message Protocol
258(5)
9.5.1 Specifying Ping Patterns
258(2)
9.5.2 Deploying IP Ping Demands with the ip_ping_traffic Object
260(1)
9.5.3 Deploying IP Ping Demands Using the Protocols Menu
261(1)
9.5.4 Ping Statistics
262(1)
9.6 Common IP Statistics, Tables, and Reports
263(8)
9.6.1 IP Statistics
263(1)
9.6.2 Visualization and Configuration Reports
263(4)
9.6.3 Viewing Forwarding and Routing Tables
267(4)
Chapter 10 Advanced IP Protocol Features 271(50)
10.1 Network Address Translation (NAT)
271(7)
10.1.1 Overview of NAT
271(2)
10.1.2 Configuring NAT
273(1)
10.1.3 Specifying Address Pools
273(2)
10.1.4 Specifying Translation Rules
275(1)
10.1.5 Deploying Translation Rules on Gateway Interfaces
276(2)
10.2 IP Multicast
278(12)
10.2.1 IP Multicast Features Supported in OPNET
278(1)
10.2.2 Overview of Steps for Deploying IP Multicast Traffic
279(1)
10.2.3 Defining Multicast Traffic
279(2)
10.2.4 Configuring Source Nodes
281(1)
10.2.5 Configuring Destination Nodes
282(2)
10.2.6 Configuring Router Nodes
284(5)
10.2.6.1 Static-RP Mechanism
285(1)
10.2.6.2 Auto-RP Mechanism
286(2)
10.2.6.3 Bootstrap Mechanism
288(1)
10.2.7 Other Multicast Configuration Parameters
289(1)
10.2.8 Multicast Statistics and Reports
290(1)
10.3 IPv6
290(9)
10.3.1 Overview of Supported IPv6 Features
290(3)
10.3.2 IPv6 Addressing
293(2)
10.3.3 Configuring Traffic for IPv6 Networks
295(1)
10.3.4 Other IPv6 Options
296(2)
10.3.5 IPv6 Statistics and Other Performance Evaluation Options
298(1)
10.4 Quality of Service
299(22)
10.4.1 Specifying Global QoS Profiles
301(8)
10.4.1.1 Committed Access Rate Profiles
302(1)
10.4.1.2 Custom Queuing Scheduler
303(2)
10.4.1.3 RED and WRED Configuration
305(2)
10.4.1.4 FIFO Profiles
307(1)
10.4.1.5 MWRR/MDRR/DWRR Profiles
307(2)
10.4.1.6 Priority Queuing Profiles
309(1)
10.4.1.7 WFQ Profiles
309(1)
10.4.2 Specifying Local QoS Profiles
309(8)
10.4.2.1 Traffic Classes and Traffic Policies
310(3)
10.4.2.2 WFQ/DWFQ Profiles
313(1)
10.4.2.3 Priority Queue Profiles and Custom Queue Profiles
314(1)
10.4.2.4 MDRR Profiles and DWRR Profiles
315(1)
10.4.2.5 Policer Profiles
315(1)
10.4.2.6 RED/WRED Profiles
316(1)
10.4.3 Deploying Defined QoS Profiles on an Interface
317(2)
10.4.4 Closing Remarks
319(1)
10.4.5 QoS-Related Statistics
320(1)
Chapter 11 Network Layer: Routing 321(34)
11.1 Introduction
321(5)
11.1.1 Deploying Routing Protocols in a Simulated Network
322(3)
11.1.2 Configuring Routing Protocol Attributes
325(1)
11.2 Routing with RIP
326(8)
11.2.1 Introduction to RIP
326(2)
11.2.2 Local RIP Configuration Attributes
328(2)
11.2.3 RIP Interface-Specific Configuration Attributes
330(2)
11.2.4 Configuring RIP Start Time
332(1)
11.2.5 RIP Simulation Efficiency Mode
332(2)
11.3 Routing with OSPF
334(14)
11.3.1 Introduction to OSPF
334(1)
11.3.2 OSPF Attributes
335(1)
11.3.3 Configuring OSPF Processes
336(3)
11.3.4 Specifying OSPF Configuration on Router Interfaces
339(1)
11.3.5 Configuring OSPF
340(1)
11.3.6 Configuring Link Costs for OSPF Routing
340(3)
11.3.7 Configuring OSPF Timers
343(2)
11.3.8 Configuring OSPF Areas
345(1)
11.3.9 Configuring OSPF Area Border Routers
346(1)
11.3.10 Configure the OSPF Start Time
347(1)
11.3.11 OSPF Simulation Efficiency Mode
347(1)
11.4 Common Routing Statistics
348(3)
11.5 Viewing Routing Tables
351(4)
Chapter 12 Data Link and Physical Layers 355(32)
12.1 Introduction
355(1)
12.2 Deploying and Configuring Simulation Models with Data Link Layer Technologies
356(1)
12.3 Link Model Attributes and Statistics
356(2)
12.4 Ethernet
358(2)
12.5 Token Ring
360(3)
12.6 Wireless LANs
363(7)
12.6.1 WLAN Configuration Attributes
364(6)
12.6.2 WLAN Statistics
370(1)
12.7 MANET
370(5)
12.8 Specifying Node Mobility
375(5)
12.8.1 Defining a Node Trajectory
376(3)
12.8.2 Configuring a Mobility Profile
379(1)
12.9 Using the Wireless Deployment Wizard
380(7)
Laboratory Assignment #1: Introduction to OPNET 387(8)
Laboratory Assignment #2: Simple Capacity Planning 395(4)
Laboratory Assignment #3: Introduction to Standard Applications 399(6)
Laboratory Assignment #4: HTTP Performance 405(6)
Laboratory Assignment #5: Modeling Custom Applications 411(8)
Laboratory Assignment #6: Influence of the Maximum Transmission Unit on Application Performance 419(6)
Laboratory Assignment #7: Transport Protocols: TCP versus UDP 425(6)
Laboratory Assignment #8: TCP Features 431(8)
Laboratory Assignment #9: IP Addressing and Network Address Translation 439(8)
Laboratory Assignment #10: Providing Quality of Service Support 447(8)
Laboratory Assignment #11: Routing with RIP 455(4)
Laboratory Assignment #12: Routing with OSPF 459(6)
Laboratory Assignment #13: Ethernet 465(8)
Laboratory Assignment #14: Wireless Communication 473(8)
Index 481