Preface |
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ix | |
About the authors |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
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xv | |
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Part 1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK |
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1 | (18) |
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1 The IASB and its Conceptual Framework |
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3 | (16) |
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1.1 The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB®) |
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4 | (2) |
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1.2 The purpose of a conceptual framework |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3 Qualitative characteristics of useful financial information |
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7 | (2) |
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1.4 Going concern assumption |
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9 | (1) |
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1.5 Definition of elements in financial statements |
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10 | (2) |
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1.6 Recognition of elements of financial statements |
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12 | (1) |
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1.7 Measurement of the elements of financial statements |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (5) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (428) |
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2 Owners' equity: share capital and reserves |
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21 | (28) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.3 Key features of the corporate structure |
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23 | (1) |
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2.4 Different forms of share capital |
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24 | (2) |
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2.5 Contributed equity: issue of share capital |
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26 | (2) |
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2.6 Contributed equity: subsequent movements in share capital |
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28 | (4) |
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2.7 Share capital: subsequent decreases in share capital |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (4) |
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38 | (11) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (6) |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (24) |
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50 | (1) |
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3.2 The definition of fair value |
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51 | (2) |
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3.3 The fair value framework |
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53 | (6) |
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3.4 Application to non-financial assets |
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59 | (3) |
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3.5 Application to liabilities |
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62 | (3) |
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3.6 Application to measurement of an entity's own equity |
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65 | (1) |
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3.7 Application to financial instruments with offsetting positions |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (8) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (2) |
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4 Revenue from contracts with customers |
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73 | (22) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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4.3 Identify the contract with the customer |
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75 | (1) |
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4.4 Identify the performance obligations |
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76 | (2) |
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4.5 Determine the transaction price |
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78 | (3) |
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4.6 Allocate the transaction price |
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81 | (1) |
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4.7 Satisfaction of performance obligations |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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4.9 Other application issues |
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85 | (2) |
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4.10 Presentation and disclosures |
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87 | (8) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (3) |
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5 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets |
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95 | (28) |
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5.1 Introduction to IAS 37 |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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5.3 Definition of a provision |
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97 | (1) |
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5.4 Distinguishing provisions from other liabilities |
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97 | (1) |
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5.5 Definition of a contingent liability |
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97 | (1) |
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5.6 Distinguishing a contingent liability from a provision |
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98 | (1) |
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5.7 The recognition criteria for provisions |
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98 | (2) |
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5.8 Measurement of provisions |
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100 | (4) |
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5.9 Application of the definitions, recognition and measurement rules |
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104 | (7) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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5.12 Comparison between IFRS 3 and IAS 37 in respect of contingent liabilities |
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113 | (2) |
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5.13 Expected future developments |
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115 | (8) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (4) |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (32) |
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6.1 The nature of income tax |
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124 | (1) |
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6.2 Differences between accounting profit and taxable profit |
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124 | (2) |
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6.3 Accounting for income taxes |
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126 | (1) |
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6.4 Calculation of current tax |
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127 | (4) |
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6.5 Recognition of current tax |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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6.8 Calculation of deferred tax |
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133 | (6) |
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6.9 Recognition of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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6.12 Presentation in the financial statements |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (11) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (5) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (44) |
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156 | (2) |
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7.2 What is a financial instrument? |
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158 | (1) |
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7.3 Financial assets and financial liabilities |
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159 | (1) |
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7.4 Distinguishing financial liabilities from equity instruments |
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160 | (3) |
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7.5 Compound financial instruments |
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163 | (1) |
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7.6 Interest, dividends, gains and losses |
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164 | (1) |
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7.7 Financial assets and financial liabilities: scope |
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164 | (2) |
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7.8 Derivatives and embedded derivatives |
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166 | (2) |
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7.9 Financial assets and financial liabilities: categories of financial instruments |
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168 | (3) |
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7.10 Financial assets and financial liabilities: recognition criteria |
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171 | (1) |
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7.11 Financial assets and financial liabilities: measurement |
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171 | (10) |
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7.12 Financial assets and financial liabilities: offsetting |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (7) |
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188 | (11) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (20) |
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200 | (1) |
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8.1 Application and scope |
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200 | (1) |
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8.2 Cash-settled and equity-settled share-based payment transactions |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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8.4 Equity-settled share-based payment transactions |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
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8.6 Treatment of a reload feature |
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207 | (1) |
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8.7 Modifications to terms and conditions on which equity instruments were granted |
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208 | (1) |
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8.8 Cash-settled share-based payment transactions |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (7) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (26) |
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9.1 The nature of inventories |
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220 | (1) |
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9.2 Measurement of inventory upon initial recognition |
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221 | (1) |
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9.3 Determination of cost |
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221 | (3) |
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9.4 Accounting for inventory |
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224 | (3) |
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9.5 End-of-period accounting |
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227 | (4) |
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9.6 Assigning costs to inventory on sale |
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231 | (3) |
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234 | (2) |
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9.8 Recognition as an expense |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (9) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (5) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (30) |
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10.1 Introduction to accounting for employee benefits |
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246 | (1) |
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10.2 Scope and purpose of IAS 19 |
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246 | (1) |
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10.3 Defining employee benefits |
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246 | (1) |
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10.4 Short-term employee benefits |
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246 | (7) |
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10.5 Post-employment benefits |
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253 | (1) |
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10.6 Accounting for defined contribution post-employment plans |
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254 | (1) |
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10.7 Accounting for defined benefit post-employment plans |
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255 | (8) |
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10.8 Other long-term employee benefits |
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263 | (3) |
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10.9 Termination benefits |
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266 | (9) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (2) |
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11 Property, plant and equipment |
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275 | (46) |
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11.1 The nature of property, plant and equipment |
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276 | (1) |
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11.2 Initial recognition of property, plant and equipment |
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277 | (1) |
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11.3 Initial measurement of property, plant and equipment |
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278 | (5) |
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11.4 Measurement subsequent to initial recognition |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (6) |
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11.6 The revaluation model |
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289 | (10) |
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11.7 Choosing between the cost model and the revaluation model |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
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11.10 Investment properties |
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303 | (18) |
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305 | (7) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (6) |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (34) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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12.2 Classification of leases |
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323 | (1) |
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12.3 Classification guidance |
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324 | (6) |
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12.4 Accounting for finance leases by lessees |
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330 | (6) |
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12.5 Accounting for finance leases by lessors |
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336 | (5) |
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12.6 Accounting for finance leases by manufacturer or dealer lessors |
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341 | (1) |
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12.7 Accounting for operating leases |
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342 | (4) |
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12.8 Accounting for sale and leaseback transactions |
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346 | (2) |
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12.9 Changes to the leasing standards |
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348 | (7) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (5) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (24) |
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356 | (2) |
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13.1 The nature of intangible assets |
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358 | (2) |
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13.2 Recognition and initial measurement |
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360 | (4) |
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13.3 Measurement subsequent to initial recognition |
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364 | (3) |
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13.4 Retirements and disposals |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (12) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (3) |
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376 | (3) |
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379 | (38) |
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14.1 The nature of a business combination |
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380 | (1) |
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14.2 Accounting for a business combination --- basic principles |
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381 | (2) |
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14.3 Accounting in the records of the acquirer |
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383 | (1) |
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14.4 Recognition and measurement of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |
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383 | (2) |
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14.5 Goodwill and gain on bargain purchase |
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385 | (7) |
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14.6 Shares acquired in the acquiree |
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392 | (1) |
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14.7 Accounting in the records of the acquiree |
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392 | (3) |
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14.8 Subsequent adjustments to the initial accounting for a business combination |
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395 | (3) |
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14.9 Disclosure --- business combinations |
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398 | (19) |
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400 | (6) |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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407 | (7) |
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414 | (3) |
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417 | (30) |
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15.1 Introduction to IAS 36 |
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418 | (1) |
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15.2 When to undertake an impairment test |
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418 | (2) |
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15.3 Impairment test for an individual asset |
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420 | (6) |
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15.4 Cash-generating units --- excluding goodwill |
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426 | (4) |
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15.5 Cash-generating units and goodwill |
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430 | (2) |
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15.6 Reversal of an impairment loss |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (14) |
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434 | (4) |
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438 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (5) |
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444 | (3) |
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Part 3 PRESENTATION AND DISCLOSURES |
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447 | (112) |
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16 Financial statement presentation |
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449 | (36) |
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450 | (1) |
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16.1 Components of financial statements |
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450 | (1) |
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16.2 General principles of financial statements |
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451 | (1) |
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16.3 Statement of financial position |
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452 | (5) |
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16.4 Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income |
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457 | (6) |
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16.5 Statement of changes in equity |
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463 | (3) |
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466 | (2) |
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16.7 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors |
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468 | (5) |
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16.8 Events after the reporting period |
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473 | (12) |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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476 | (1) |
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476 | (6) |
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482 | (3) |
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17 Statement of cash flows |
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485 | (32) |
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486 | (1) |
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17.1 Purpose of a statement of cash flows |
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486 | (1) |
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17.2 Defining cash and cash equivalents |
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486 | (1) |
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17.3 Classifying cash flow activities |
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487 | (2) |
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17.4 Format of the statement of cash flows |
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489 | (2) |
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17.5 Preparing a statement of cash flows |
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491 | (15) |
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506 | (11) |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (6) |
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515 | (2) |
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517 | (20) |
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18.1 Objectives of financial reporting by segments |
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518 | (1) |
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518 | (1) |
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18.3 A controversial standard |
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518 | (2) |
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18.4 Identifying operating segments |
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520 | (2) |
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18.5 Identifying reportable segments |
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522 | (2) |
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18.6 Applying the definition of reportable segments |
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524 | (1) |
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524 | (3) |
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18.8 Applying the disclosures in practice |
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527 | (4) |
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18.9 Results of the post-implementation review of IFRS 8 |
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531 | (6) |
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532 | (1) |
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532 | (1) |
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532 | (1) |
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532 | (3) |
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535 | (2) |
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19 Other key notes disclosures |
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537 | (22) |
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538 | (1) |
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19.1 Related party disclosures |
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538 | (5) |
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543 | (16) |
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554 | (1) |
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554 | (1) |
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555 | (1) |
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555 | (2) |
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557 | (2) |
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559 | (148) |
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20 Consolidation: controlled entities |
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561 | (16) |
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562 | (1) |
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20.1 Consolidated financial statements |
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562 | (2) |
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20.2 Control as the criterion for consolidation |
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564 | (5) |
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20.3 Preparation of consolidated financial statements |
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569 | (1) |
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20.4 Business combinations and consolidation |
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570 | (2) |
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572 | (5) |
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574 | (1) |
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574 | (1) |
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575 | (2) |
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21 Consolidation: wholly owned subsidiaries |
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577 | (28) |
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21.1 The consolidation process |
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578 | (1) |
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21.2 Consolidation worksheets |
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579 | (1) |
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21.3 The acquisition analysis: determining goodwill or bargain purchase |
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580 | (3) |
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21.4 Worksheet entries at the acquisition date |
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583 | (5) |
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21.5 Worksheet entries subsequent to the acquisition date |
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588 | (7) |
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21.6 Revaluations in the records of the subsidiary at acquisition date |
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595 | (1) |
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595 | (10) |
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598 | (1) |
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598 | (1) |
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598 | (7) |
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22 Consolidation: intragroup transactions |
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605 | (30) |
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606 | (1) |
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22.1 Rationale for adjusting for intragroup transactions |
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606 | (1) |
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22.2 Transfers of inventory |
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607 | (6) |
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613 | (1) |
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22.4 Intragroup dividends |
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614 | (2) |
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22.5 Intragroup borrowings |
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616 | (19) |
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617 | (8) |
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625 | (1) |
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626 | (9) |
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23 Consolidation: non-controlling interest |
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635 | (44) |
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23.1 Non-controlling interest explained |
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636 | (2) |
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23.2 Effects of an NCI on the consolidation process |
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638 | (6) |
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23.3 Calculating the NCI share of equity |
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644 | (12) |
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23.4 Adjusting for the effects of intragroup transactions |
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656 | (2) |
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23.5 Gain on bargain purchase |
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658 | (21) |
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660 | (12) |
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672 | (1) |
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672 | (7) |
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24 Translation of the financial statements of foreign entities |
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679 | (28) |
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24.1 Translation of a foreign subsidiary's statements |
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680 | (1) |
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24.2 Functional and presentation currencies |
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|
680 | (1) |
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24.3 The rationale underlying the functional currency choice |
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680 | (3) |
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24.4 Identifying the functional currency |
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683 | (1) |
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24.5 Translation into the functional currency |
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684 | (5) |
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24.6 Changing the functional currency |
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689 | (1) |
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24.7 Translation into the presentation currency |
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689 | (2) |
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24.8 Consolidating foreign subsidiaries --- where local currency is the functional currency |
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691 | (7) |
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24.9 Consolidating foreign subsidiaries --- where functional currency is that of the parent entity |
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698 | (1) |
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24.10 Net investment in a foreign operation |
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699 | (1) |
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700 | (7) |
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700 | (1) |
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701 | (1) |
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701 | (1) |
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701 | (6) |
Glossary |
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707 | (10) |
Index |
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717 | |