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1 Heavy Metal Uptake in Plants |
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1 | (18) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Metal Ion Binding to Extracellular Exudates and to the Cell Wall |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Metal Ion Transport Through the Plasma Membrane in Roots |
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4 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Copper Transporter Family |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 Reduced Metal Uptake and Efflux Pumping at the Plasma Membrane |
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6 | (1) |
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1.5 Root-to-Shoot Metal Translocation |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.6.1 HMA Family of Transporters |
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8 | (1) |
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1.6.2 MATE Family of Efflux Proteins |
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8 | (1) |
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1.6.3 Oligopeptide Transporter Family |
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9 | (1) |
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1.7 Heavy Metal Chelation in the Cytosol |
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9 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.7.2 Metallothioneins (MTs) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.8 Organic Acids, Amino Acids, and Phosphate Derivatives |
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12 | (1) |
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1.9 Metal Sequestration in the Vacuole by Tonoplast Transporters |
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13 | (6) |
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1.9.1 The ABC Transporters |
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13 | (1) |
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1.9.2 The CDF Transporters |
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13 | (1) |
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1.9.3 The HMA Transporters |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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2 Metal Tolerance Strategy in Plants |
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19 | (14) |
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2.1 Heavy Metal Interaction with Other Nutrients |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2 Inversion of Metal Toxicity with Nutrient Element Interactions |
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20 | (2) |
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2.3 Role of Phytochelatins in Metal Tolerance |
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22 | (1) |
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2.4 Metal Complex Formation by PCs |
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23 | (2) |
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2.4.1 Metal Chelation with Reference to Cadmium by Phytochelatins (PCs) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.5 Chelation of Heavy Metals by Metallothioneins (MTs) |
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25 | (1) |
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2.6 Metal Detoxification by Organic Acids, Amino Acids, and Other Phosphate Derivatives |
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25 | (8) |
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28 | (5) |
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3 Heavy Metal Stress Signalling in Plants |
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33 | (24) |
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34 | (2) |
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3.1.1 Direct Action of Heavy Metals |
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35 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Indirect Action of Heavy Metals |
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35 | (1) |
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3.2 Hormone Signalling Pathways |
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36 | (3) |
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3.2.1 Signalling Through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) |
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37 | (2) |
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3.3 Review of Abiotic Stress Features Generating MAPK Activity |
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39 | (2) |
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3.4 Plant Hormones Induced MAPK Activity |
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41 | (1) |
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3.5 MAPK Modules Involved Both in Plant Development and in Stress Response |
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42 | (1) |
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3.6 Strategies to Elucidate Stress-Stimulated MAPKs and Allied Plant Stress Tolerance |
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43 | (2) |
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3.7 Stratagem for Genetic Manipulations of Kinases and Their Targets with Biotechnological Prospective |
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45 | (12) |
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3.7.1 Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis with Genetically Modified MAPKs |
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45 | (2) |
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3.7.2 Tolerance Strategy in Plants Exhibiting Genetically Tailored MAPKs |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (9) |
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4 Use of Mycorrhiza as Metal Tolerance Strategy in Plants |
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57 | (12) |
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58 | (1) |
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4.2 Root Cell Wall and Exudates |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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4.4 Expression and Role of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) |
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60 | (1) |
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4.5 Mechanism of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi for Phytoremediation |
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61 | (3) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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4.6 Developmental Patterns of AMF During Heavy Metal Stress |
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64 | (1) |
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4.7 Ecological Development of the Rhizosphere by AMF |
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64 | (5) |
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65 | (4) |
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5 Phytoremediation: A Green Technology |
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69 | (20) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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5.6 Fundamental Mechanism of Heavy Metals and Inorganic Contaminant Uptake and Transport |
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72 | (1) |
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5.6.1 Accumulation and Sequestration |
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72 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Hereditary Basis of Tolerance |
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73 | (1) |
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5.7 Basic Mechanisms: Organic Contaminants |
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73 | (2) |
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5.7.1 Mechanisms of Genetic Controls: Candidate Genes |
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73 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Investigation and Classification of Enzymes and Proteins |
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74 | (1) |
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5.7.3 Transgenic Strategies |
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74 | (1) |
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5.7.4 Metal Transporters and Interactions in Membranes at Molecular Level |
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74 | (1) |
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5.8 Feature Controlling the Metal Uptake |
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75 | (1) |
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5.8.1 Selection of Plant Species |
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75 | (1) |
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5.8.2 Characteristics of Medium |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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5.8.5 Addition of Chelating Agent |
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75 | (1) |
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5.9 Advantages of Phytoremediation |
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76 | (2) |
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5.9.1 Phytoremediation for Hydraulic Regulation of Pollutants |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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5.9.4 Phytoremediation to Treat Metal Contaminants |
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77 | (1) |
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5.9.5 Constructed Wetlands |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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5.9.8 Fortification of Riparian Corridors |
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78 | (1) |
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5.10 Limitations of Phytoremediation Technology |
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78 | (11) |
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5.10.1 Relevance of Phytoremediation |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (7) |
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6 Concepts for Improving Phytoremediation by Plant Engineering |
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89 | (14) |
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90 | (1) |
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6.2 Classic Genetic Studies and Modern Approach for Improving Phytoremediation |
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91 | (1) |
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6.3 Improved Metal Sequestration, Metal Transporters, and Allied Biomolecules via Genetic Engineering |
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92 | (1) |
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6.4 Genetic Manipulation of Metal-Sequestration Proteins and Peptides |
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93 | (1) |
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6.5 Genetic Engineering for Encoding Metal Ion Transporters |
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94 | (2) |
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6.6 Genetic Engineering of Enzymes to Enhance Phytovolatilization |
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96 | (1) |
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6.7 Improving Zinc Phytoremediation Efficiency |
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97 | (6) |
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98 | (5) |
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7 Biodiversity Prospecting for Phytoremediation of Metals in the Environment |
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103 | |
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103 | (1) |
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7.2 Metal Hyperaccumulators for Phytoremediation |
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104 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Serpentinophytes and Metal Hyperaccumulation |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Plant Products as Biosorbents of Toxic Metals |
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105 | (1) |
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7.3 Elemental Allelopathy and Role of Hyperaccumulators and Serpentinophytes |
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106 | (1) |
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7.4 Molecular and Transgenic Approaches for Phytoremediation |
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107 | (1) |
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7.5 Phytoremediation Technology for Enhancing Chelation |
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107 | |
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109 | |