Contributors |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Abbreviations |
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xvii | |
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1 Regulating reproductive cycles for captive spawning |
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1 | (52) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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2.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture |
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5 | (1) |
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2.2 Control of sex determination and differentiation |
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5 | (2) |
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2.3 Establishment of clonal lines |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (9) |
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3.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture |
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11 | (1) |
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3.2 Monitoring reproductive status |
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11 | (2) |
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3.3 Chemical detection of maturity status |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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3.5 Hormonal manipulation of puberty |
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15 | (1) |
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3.6 Genetic Factors Influencing Puberty |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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4.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture |
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17 | (1) |
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4.2 Surrogate spawning technologies |
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18 | (1) |
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5 Spermatogenesis and spermiation |
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19 | (4) |
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5.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture |
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20 | (2) |
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5.2 Sperm cryopreservation |
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22 | (1) |
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6 Oogenesis, previtellogenesis and vitellogenesis |
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23 | (2) |
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6.1 Implications and applications for aquaculture |
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24 | (1) |
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7 Oocyte maturation and ovulation |
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25 | (5) |
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7.1 Implications and Applications for Aquaculture |
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26 | (3) |
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7.2 Gamete Collection and Spawning |
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29 | (1) |
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8 Knowledge gaps and future directions |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (21) |
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2 Physiological considerations in shifting carnivorous fishes to plant-based diets |
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53 | (30) |
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54 | (1) |
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2 Nutrient requirements of carnivorous fish |
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55 | (1) |
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3 Fish meal and fish oil in aquafeeds |
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56 | (1) |
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4 Shift from carnivorism to veganism in aquafeeds |
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56 | (3) |
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5 Impacts of plant-based diets on fish physiology |
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59 | (10) |
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5.1 Growth, physiology, and metabolism |
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59 | (3) |
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5.2 Intestinal physiology and function |
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62 | (3) |
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5.3 Health, stress, and immune response |
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65 | (2) |
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5.4 Reproduction and early ontogeny |
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67 | (2) |
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6 Genetic and genomic adaptation to plant-based diets |
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69 | (4) |
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69 | (2) |
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6.2 Nutritional programming |
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71 | (2) |
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7 Knowledge gap and future direction of plant-based aquaculture feeds |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (10) |
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3 Physiological performance in aquaculture: Using physiology to help define optimal conditions for growth and environmental tolerance |
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83 | (40) |
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84 | (1) |
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2 Growth and physiological performance |
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85 | (5) |
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2.1 Optimal conditions for growth and aerobic scope |
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86 | (3) |
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2.2 Relevance of physiological performance in stress tolerance tests to aquaculture |
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89 | (1) |
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3 Using physiology to define optimal environmental conditions |
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90 | (14) |
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3.1 The osmorespiratory compromise and implications for aquaculture |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (3) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (3) |
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3.6 Gill damage and multiple impacts |
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100 | (2) |
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3.7 Accelerated growth rate effects on physiological performance |
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102 | (2) |
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4 Measuring physiological performance |
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104 | (6) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (2) |
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4.3 Swimming performance and aerobic scope |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (12) |
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4 Enhancing immune function and fish health in aquaculture |
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123 | (40) |
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1 Current knowledge of fish immunity |
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123 | (4) |
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123 | (1) |
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1.2 Innate immunity and immune organs |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (9) |
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2.1 Types of aquaculture vaccines |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (5) |
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2.3 Future outlook for aquaculture vaccines |
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135 | (1) |
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3 The use of immunostimulants and functional feed ingredients in fish aquaculture |
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136 | (11) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (4) |
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143 | (4) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (16) |
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5 Identifying and managing maladaptive physiological responses to aquaculture stressors |
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163 | (30) |
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164 | (3) |
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1.1 Adaptive and maladaptive responses to stress |
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165 | (2) |
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2 Significance of measuring stress in aquaculture |
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167 | (1) |
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2.1 Importance of measuring indicators of stress to understand their effects on health, survival, and growth |
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167 | (1) |
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3 Intensity and duration of stress: Acute (adaptive) versus chronic (maladaptive) stress |
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168 | (6) |
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3.1 Both duration and intensity of stressor can affect specific indicators of stress differently |
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168 | (6) |
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4 Indicators of adaptive and maladaptive stress response in fish |
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174 | (5) |
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5 Field studies: Assessing acute and chronic stress in aquaculture facilities |
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179 | (5) |
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5.1 Laboratory-based studies to assess aquaculture-related stressors |
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179 | (2) |
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5.2 Use of electronic sensor-tags to assess aquaculture-related stressors |
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181 | (3) |
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6 Concluding remarks and future directions |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (7) |
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6 Theoretical basis and principles for welfare assessment of farmed fish |
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193 | (44) |
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1 Introduction--Why fish welfare matters |
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194 | (4) |
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2 Welfare states and welfare needs |
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198 | (13) |
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2.1 Appropriate water environment |
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201 | (5) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (9) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (3) |
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3.3 Physiological Wis and LABWIs |
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217 | (1) |
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3.4 Overall welfare assessment |
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218 | (2) |
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4 Concluding remarks and future directions |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (15) |
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7 Genetic modification of growth in fish species used in aquaculture: Phenotypic and physiological responses |
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237 | (36) |
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238 | (1) |
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2 Historical development and objectives of genetic engineering in fish for aquaculture to enhance productivity |
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238 | (1) |
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3 Growth-accelerated genetically engineered fishes |
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239 | (20) |
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3.1 Endocrinological effects of GH overexpression |
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240 | (4) |
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3.2 GH transgenesis, domestication, and triploidy |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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3.4 Nutritional requirements and capabilities |
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246 | (6) |
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3.5 Secondary (pleiotropic) effects of GH transgenesis |
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252 | (7) |
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4 Summary, knowledge gaps, and future directions |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (13) |
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8 The use of the zebrafish as a model in fish aquaculture research |
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273 | (42) |
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274 | (1) |
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1.1 Zebrafish natural habitat and life cycle |
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274 | (1) |
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1.2 Husbandry and euthanasia of domesticated zebrafish |
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275 | (1) |
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2 Zebrafish as a research tool |
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275 | (2) |
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2.1 Zebrafish strains and transgenic lines |
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275 | (1) |
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2.2 Gene editing and imaging techniques |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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3 Zebrafish as model in aquaculture research |
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277 | (1) |
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3.1 The emergence of zebrafish |
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277 | (1) |
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3.2 Aquaculture research areas in which zebrafish is present |
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278 | (1) |
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4 Zebrafish responses to the environment |
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278 | (6) |
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4.1 Stress response and coping styles |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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4.5 Nanoparticle exposure |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (5) |
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5.1 Growth and skeletal abnormalities |
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284 | (1) |
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5.2 Nutrition and diet development |
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285 | (3) |
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5.3 Nutritional programming |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (7) |
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6.1 Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis |
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289 | (2) |
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6.2 Sex determination and differentiation |
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291 | (3) |
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6.3 Environmental influences on population sex ratios |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (17) |
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9 Aquaculture of air-breathing fishes |
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315 | (40) |
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316 | (1) |
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2 Current production systems and production history |
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317 | (6) |
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3 The impact of air-breathing on respiratory physiology |
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323 | (15) |
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323 | (4) |
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3.2 High aquatic C02 levels |
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327 | (3) |
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3.3 Tolerance of ammonia and nitrite |
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330 | (8) |
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4 Effects of climate change on growth in air-breathing fishes |
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338 | (4) |
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4.1 Effects of salinity elevation |
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338 | (3) |
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4.2 Effects of temperature elevation |
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341 | (1) |
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5 Summary and conclusions |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (12) |
Index |
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355 | (6) |
Other volumes in the Fish Physiology series |
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361 | |