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Arc Volcano of Japan: Generation of Continental Crust from the Mantle 2011 ed. [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 123 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 377 g, XI, 123 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 136
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Japan
  • ISBN-10: 4431539956
  • ISBN-13: 9784431539957
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 123 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x155 mm, kaal: 377 g, XI, 123 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sari: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 136
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: Springer Verlag, Japan
  • ISBN-10: 4431539956
  • ISBN-13: 9784431539957
Arc Volcano of Japan analyzes the origin of the Earth's continental crust. The text considers both tectonic and igneous processes, covering topics like sedimentary accretion, terrane accretion, and the separation of continental crust from the mantle.

This book presents an analysis of our current knowledge on the origin of the Earth's continental crust. There are two aspects to consider: tectonic and igneous processes. Tectonic aspects include sedimentary accretion, terrane accretion, and continental collision at continental margins, in association with plate subduction. These processes result in the formation of large mountain belts, the building up of which literally grows the continents. However, these tectonic aspects are concerned with material recycling within the crust, and hence do not contribute to volumetric growth of continental crust. Igneous processes concern separation of continental crust from the mantle and result in the volumetric growth of continental crust. Therefore, the main focus of this book is to systematically examine why and how the Earth's continental crust forms, by evaluating magmatic processes at island arcs where new continental crust forms.
1 Continental Crust and Granitic Plutons
1(8)
1.1 Growth of Continental Crust
1(1)
1.2 Orogeny and Continental Crust
2(1)
1.3 Growth Theory versus Sieady-Slate Theory
3(2)
1.4 Continental Growth and Breakup
5(4)
References
6(3)
2 Chemical Composition of Continental Crust and the Primitive Mantle
9(10)
2.1 Continental Crust
9(1)
2.2 Chemical Composition of Continental Crust
10(4)
2.3 Chemical Composition of the Primitive Mantle
14(1)
2.4 Mass of Primitive Mantle Necessary for Formation of Continental Crust
15(4)
References
16(3)
3 Origin of Magmas of the Bowen's Series
19(8)
3.1 Magmas of the Bowen's Series
19(4)
3.2 Partial Melting of Mantle Peridotite
23(4)
References
24(3)
4 Search for the Formation Mechanism of Continental Crust
27(18)
4.1 Three Constraints
27(3)
4.2 Advantages of Using Minor Elements
30(2)
4.3 Partial Melting of the Mantle Beneath Island Arcs
32(2)
4.4 Fractional Crystallization of Magma
34(1)
4.5 Partial Melting of Basaltic Crust
35(2)
4.6 Crystallization Differentiation in a Chamber That Is Continuously Supplied with Primitive Magma
37(5)
4.7 Removal of Cumulate into the Mantle
42(3)
References
43(2)
5 Differentiation Mechanism of Magma at Arc Volcanoes
45(14)
5.1 Open-System Magma Chamber Repeatedly Supplied with Primitive Magma
45(7)
5.1.1 Time-Dependent Variation in a Serrated Pattern
46(2)
5.1.2 Crystallization Differentiation in a Chamber Periodically Supplied with Parental Magma
48(1)
5.1.3 Steady-State
49(2)
5.1.4 Remaining Two Problems
51(1)
5.2 Evolution Limit of Volcanic Rocks, and Its Relation to Chemical Composition of the Upper Continental Crust
52(7)
5.2.1 Variation Ranges of Rb/Sr Ratios at Individual Volcanoes
53(1)
5.2.2 Rb and Sr Contents of Volcanic Rocks and Composition of the Upper Continental Crust
54(2)
5.2.3 Crustal Assimilation and Its Effects on Magma Compositions
56(2)
References
58(1)
6 Configuration and Dynamics of Magma Chambers Beneath Arc Volcanoes
59(18)
6.1 Open-System Magma Chamber in the Crust
59(12)
6.1.1 Regularity of Change in the Chemical Composition of Lava Flows
60(3)
6.1.2 Another Regular Change in Chemical Composition of Lava Flows of the Massive Eruptions
63(2)
6.1.3 Configuration of the System of Magma Supply and Cumulate Removal
65(4)
6.1.4 Histogram of Orthopyroxene Phenocryst Compositions
69(2)
6.2 Inevitability of Formation of Coupled Chambers
71(1)
6.3 Lower Crust Assimilation and Its Effect on the Differentiation Path of Magma
71(2)
6.4 Lower Crust Assimilation as Observed in Volcanic Rocks
73(4)
References
75(2)
7 Island Arc Volcanic Rocks and the Upper Continental Crust
77(26)
7.1 Magma Evolution in Incompatible Element Compositions
77(5)
7.1.1 Incompatible Element Ratios, and Concentration Limits of Incompatible Elements
77(2)
7.1.2 Incompatible Element Compositions and Ratios of Volcanic Rocks
79(3)
7.2 Evolution of Volcanic Rocks in Major Element Compositions
82(14)
7.2.1 Volcanic Rocks from Shimabara Peninsula
82(3)
7.2.2 Volcanic Rocks from Mount Tara
85(2)
7.2.3 Closed-System Versus Open-System Magma Chambers
87(2)
7.2.4 Open-System Magma Chamber, and Magmalic Evolution of Major-Element Compositions
89(2)
7.2.5 Major Element Compositions of Island Arc Volcanic Rocks and the Upper Continental Crust
91(5)
7.3 Further Implications of Repeatedly Refilled Magma Chambers
96(5)
7.3.1 Two-Layer Structure of the Continental Crust
96(1)
7.3.2 Abundant Andesites on the Surface, and Abundant Granitic Plutons in the Crust of Mature Island Arc
97(1)
7.3.3 Plate Subduction and the Bowen's Series
98(1)
7.3.4 Archean Continental Crust and the Open-System Magma Chamber
99(2)
7.4 Roles of Water
101(2)
References
102(1)
8 Volcanic Arcs and Outer Arcs
103(14)
8.1 Granitic Plutons Associated with and Without Coeval Volcanic Rocks
103(1)
8.2 Topographic Configuration of an Island Arc
104(1)
8.3 Two Types of Island Arcs of Different Topography
105(4)
8.4 Magma Chambers Beneath Volcanic and Outer Arcs
109(2)
8.5 Model for Alternative Growth of Volcanic and Outer Arcs
111(2)
8.6 Cretaceous Southwest Japan
113(4)
References
115(2)
Appendix 117(2)
Index 119
Professor Emeritus at Kyushu University