Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Archaeologist's Field Handbook: The essential guide for beginners and professionals in Australia 2nd edition [Pehme köide]

(University of New England, Australia),
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 536 pages, kõrgus x laius: 230x176 mm, kaal: 1048 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jan-2017
  • Kirjastus: Allen & Unwin
  • ISBN-10: 1743318065
  • ISBN-13: 9781743318065
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 536 pages, kõrgus x laius: 230x176 mm, kaal: 1048 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jan-2017
  • Kirjastus: Allen & Unwin
  • ISBN-10: 1743318065
  • ISBN-13: 9781743318065
Teised raamatud teemal:
In one volume here is everything you need to conduct fieldwork in archaeology. The Archaeologist's Field Handbook is designed for every kind of archaeological practice, from simple site recordings to professional consultancies and anyone who wants to record heritage sites responsibly.

This hands-on manual provides step-by-step instructions on how to undertake and successfully complete fieldwork in all fields of archaeology, from Indigenous to historical to landscape work. Charts, checklists, graphs, maps and diagrams clearly illustrate how to design, fund, research, map, record, interpret, photograph and write up your fieldwork.

This second edition is updated throughout and incorporates strategies for digital data capture, improved methods, recent legislation and more affordable technologies for surveying and photography. The Archaeologist's Field Handbook remains the ultimate resource for consultants, teachers, students, community groups and anyone involved in heritage fieldwork.

'An essential aid for beginners and professionals.' - Emeritus Professor John Mulvaney

'This volume has become the standard for archaeological field training ... A must for students, professionals and community groups.' - Martin Gibbs, Professor of Archaeology, University of New England

'It is absolutely the 'go to' field manual for archaeologists whatever their level within the profession.' - Jane Balme, Associate Professor of Archaeology, University of Western Australia

Muu info

Short-listed for Australian Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing 2005 (Australia).
Figures And Tables
xvi
About The Authors xxii
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgements xxvii
Chapter One The Context Of Archaeological Fieldwork
1(21)
What you will learn from this chapter
1(1)
Archaeologists and ethics
1(2)
Archaeologists and stakeholders
3(5)
Working with Indigenous communities
4(3)
Working with non-Indigenous communities
7(1)
Working with the legislation
8(7)
Planning and achieving effective community engagement and consultation
9(1)
Don't interfere with heritage sites
10(1)
State legislation
11(1)
Local government
12(1)
Other statutory and non-statutory heritage bodies
12(1)
National legislation
12(2)
World heritage
14(1)
Archaeologists and their profession
15(2)
Archaeological data and intellectual property
17(1)
Work health and safety
17(3)
Neale Draper's advice on intellectual property
18(2)
Insurance and liability
20(1)
Useful resources
21(1)
Chapter Two Designing Your Project
22(33)
What you will learn from this chapter
22(1)
What are projects?
23(1)
Research designs
24(5)
What's your problem? (and we mean that in a nice way)
24(1)
Defining your aims
25(1)
The literature review
26(2)
Methods
28(1)
Final comments
28(1)
`Desktop' research
29(7)
Using historical documents
29(2)
Finding historical sources online
31(1)
Ethnohistorical research
32(1)
Existing archaeological datasets
33(2)
Predictive models: Reviewing the landscape context
35(1)
Project management
36(1)
Data in archaeology
37(16)
Creating field data: Making observations in the field
38(1)
Field journals and notebooks
39(1)
Important things to note in your field journal
40(2)
Data collection
42(2)
Backing up field data
44(2)
Data curation
46(1)
Using Filemaker™ Pro and Filemaker™ Go
47(2)
Data management plans
49(2)
Write it down and put your name on it---Aedeen Cremin's tips for creating field records and archives
51(2)
Tips for making your physical archive last
53(1)
Useful resources
53(2)
Chapter Three Maps And Navigation
55(30)
What you will learn from this chapter
55(1)
The basics
55(1)
Coordinates and datums
56(2)
Coordinates
56(1)
Geodetic datums
56(1)
Latitude and longitude
57(1)
Projected coordinate systems
58(1)
Maps
59(11)
Map scale
60(2)
North
62(1)
Reading contour lines
63(1)
Obtaining coordinates
64(5)
Obtaining a grid coordinate from a topographic map
69(1)
Compasses
70(6)
Compass tips
72(3)
Converting between different norths
75(1)
Satellite navigation
76(4)
Obtaining GNSS coordinates
77(1)
Positional errors with GNSS handsets
77(2)
Site cards, older coordinates and the problems with relocating sites
79(1)
Differential and Real Time Kinematic GPS
80(1)
Mud maps
80(4)
Useful resources
84(1)
Chapter Four Recording Landscapes
85(39)
What you will learn from this chapter
85(1)
Landscapes in archaeology
85(2)
Finding sites
87(11)
Survey design
88(1)
Survey intensity
89(1)
Sampling
90(1)
Selecting a suitable sampling strategy
91(1)
Judgement or non-probabilistic survey strategies
92(1)
Random samples
93(1)
Systematic samples
93(1)
Site identification and numbering systems
94(1)
Determining effective survey coverage: What reveals, what conceals
94(2)
Potential archaeological deposits (PADs)
96(1)
Identifying a potential archaeological deposit (PAD)
97(1)
Describing landscapes
98(11)
Geology
99(1)
Geomorphology
100(3)
Vegetation
103(1)
Slope
104(1)
Water sources
105(1)
Recording taphonomic processes
106(3)
Geomatics in landscape archaeology
109(6)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
109(1)
Types of GIS data
110(2)
Creating your own GIS data
112(1)
Georectifying imagery
113(1)
Choosing a GIS platform
114(1)
Aerial imagery
115(8)
Do it yourself aerial imagery
116(1)
Photogrammetry
117(2)
Satellite imagery
119(1)
Light and Radar (LiDAR)
120(1)
Digital elevation models (DEMs)
121(1)
Geophysics
121(1)
Ian Moffat's tips for getting the most fizz out of `geofizz'
122(1)
Useful resources
123(1)
Chapter Five Recording Sites
124(51)
What you will learn from this chapter
124(1)
What is a site?
124(5)
Defining a site boundary
126(2)
What to record
128(1)
What not to do
129(1)
Recording Indigenous sites
129(5)
Stone artefact deposits
131(1)
Recording stone artefact deposits
132(1)
Isolated stone artefacts
133(1)
Quarries
133(1)
Checklist for recording quarries
133(1)
Culturally modified trees (CMTs)
134(4)
Recording CMTs
135(3)
Shell middens
138(2)
Recording shell midden sites
139(1)
Checklist for recording shell middens
140(1)
Stone arrangements
140(3)
Recording stone arrangements
141(1)
Checklist for recording stone arrangements
141(1)
Rockshelters
141(1)
Recording rockshelters
142(1)
Checklist for recording rockshelters
142(1)
Rock art
143(6)
Photographing rock art
143(2)
Checklist for recording rock art
145(1)
Drawing rock art
145(1)
June Ross's tips for recording the colour of rock art motifs
146(1)
Ines Domingo-Sanz's tips for digitally drawing rock art
147(2)
Burials
149(2)
What to do if human remains are encountered
149(2)
Identifying Indigenous burials
151(1)
Hearths
151(2)
Checklist for recording hearths
152(1)
Indigenous historical sites
153(3)
Recording Indigenous historical sites
154(2)
Indigenous ethnographic sites
156(2)
Recording historical sites
158(2)
What are historical sites?
158(2)
Recording industrial sites
160(3)
How safe is your soil? Wayne Johnson's occupational health and safety tips for working on historical archaeological sites
161(2)
Recording standing structures
163(11)
Denis Gojak's tips for recording standing structures
166(1)
Describing structural components
166(1)
Dating structures from their components
166(3)
Carlotta Kellaway's tips for researching the history of a building
169(3)
Photographing standing structures
172(2)
Useful resources
174(1)
Chapter Six Archaeological Surveying
175(45)
What you will learn from this chapter
175(1)
The basics
175(1)
Surveying fundamentals
176(7)
Mapping scale
177(1)
Spatial precision
178(1)
Creating a survey framework
179(3)
Minimising errors when surveying
182(1)
Surveying in 2D
183(8)
Tape and compass surveys
183(2)
The baseline/offset technique
185(1)
Pacing it out
186(2)
Methods for measuring right-angled offsets
188(3)
Surveying in 3D
191(8)
Surveying in geodetic coordinates
192(1)
The automatic dumpy
193(1)
How to set up an automatic or `dumpy' level
194(2)
Recording levels
196(2)
Traversing
198(1)
Checking for errors
198(1)
How to fill in a level booking sheet
199(1)
Tips for successful levelling
199(3)
The total station
202(17)
Parts of a total station
202(2)
Surveying with a total station
204(1)
Setting up a total station
205(1)
Setting up a total station over an existing survey point
206(5)
Traversing with a total station
211(2)
Resections
213(1)
Recording the detail
213(1)
Minimising errors with a total station
214(1)
Drawing horizontal surfaces (plans) by hand
215(1)
Rob Koch's tips for total station surveys
216(3)
Useful resources
219(1)
Chapter Seven Principles Of Archaeological Photography
220(14)
What you will learn from this chapter
220(1)
How a camera works
221(1)
How a digital camera works
222(1)
Taking good shots
223(1)
The importance of depth of field
224(3)
Tips for taking good archaeological photographs
225(2)
Holding the camera
227(1)
When to use a tripod
228(1)
Camera pole photography
229(1)
File formats
230(1)
Image distortion
231(3)
Scales and information boards
232(2)
Chapter Eight Surface Collection And Excavation
234(59)
What you will learn from this chapter
234(1)
The basics
234(1)
Working at the surface
235(6)
In situ recording
235(1)
Surface collections
236(1)
Considerations for surface recording and sampling
237(1)
Sampling surface deposits
237(2)
Managing spatial context
239(2)
Working below the surface
241(1)
The principles of excavation
241(5)
The single context system of excavation
243(3)
Approaches to excavation
246(1)
Where?
247(1)
Subsurface sampling
247(3)
Soil cores
248(1)
Augers
248(1)
Test pits
248(1)
Hand excavated test pits
249(1)
Shovel test pits
249(1)
Mechanical test pits
249(1)
How much?
250(1)
Laying out a site grid
250(3)
Labelling trenches
253(2)
Recording an excavation in 3D
255(1)
Recording the excavation process
255(11)
Describing deposits
256(3)
Describing cultural features
259(1)
Jane Balme's tips for excavating bone
259(1)
Recording the excavation process
260(1)
Recording sections
260(1)
Drawing vertical surfaces (sections) by hand
261(2)
Tips for drawing a trench profile (section)
263(1)
Interpreting stratigraphy---the Harris Matrix
263(3)
Using a trowel and brush
266(4)
Excavation etiquette
270(3)
Val Attenbrow's tips for excavating shell middens
271(1)
Martha Joukowsky's tips for excellent excavating
272(1)
Sieving and sorting
273(3)
Sorting
275(1)
Mike Morwood's tips for protecting rock art when excavating
276(1)
Labelling and bagging finds and samples
276(2)
Photographing excavations
278(2)
Photogrammetry and excavations
279(1)
Tips for photographing excavations
280(1)
Collecting samples in the field
280(10)
Collecting to avoid contamination
281(1)
Sediment and other samples
281(1)
Luminescence dating
282(1)
Radiocarbon dating
283(3)
Alice Gorman's tips for collecting samples for radiocarbon dating
286(3)
Recovering artefacts with residues and use-wear
289(1)
Managing excavated materials
290(2)
Richard Robins' tips on the proper care and management of excavated collections
290(2)
Useful resources
292(1)
Chapter Nine Recording Artefacts
293(46)
What you will learn from this chapter
293(1)
The basics
293(2)
Diagnostic features and minimum numbers
294(1)
Stone artefacts
295(9)
Recording flaked stone artefacts
296(1)
How to identify stone artefacts
297(5)
Recording other classes of stone artefact
302(2)
Denis Byrne's tips for recording stone artefact raw materials
304(1)
Calculating minimum numbers: Minimum number of flakes
304(1)
Molluscs
304(5)
Glass
309(6)
Bottles and bottle glass
309(1)
Recording shape
310(1)
Recording mould marks
311(1)
Recording closures
312(1)
Recording trademarks, decoration and colour
312(1)
Calculating minimum numbers: Minimum number of vessels
313(1)
Cut and pressed glass
314(1)
Calculating minimum numbers: Minimum number of vessels
314(1)
Window glass
315(1)
Calculating minimum number
315(1)
Ceramics
315(8)
Recording technological ware type
317(3)
Recording decorative technique
320(1)
Calculating minimum numbers: Minimum number of vessels
321(1)
Calculating a minimum number of vessels (MNV) from rim diameters
322(1)
Calculating a sherd count
323(1)
Nails
323(1)
Buttons
324(2)
Photographing artefacts
326(3)
Nicolas Grguric's tips for recording firearms-related artefacts
327(1)
Tips for artefact photography
328(1)
Drawing artefacts
329(8)
Drawing the outline
330(1)
Drawing the details
331(1)
Drawing a side view and cross-section
332(1)
Reduction
332(2)
Golden rules for drawing artefacts by hand
334(1)
For artefacts
334(1)
For stippling
334(1)
For cross-hatching
335(1)
Drawing stone artefacts
335(1)
Drawing ceramics
336(1)
Useful resources
337(2)
Chapter Ten Cultural Heritage Values And Significance
339(54)
What you will learn from this chapter
339(1)
The basics
339(2)
Development versus non-development CHM
341(1)
Cultural heritage significance and people
342(2)
Tangible and intangible cultural heritage
344(1)
Landscapes and intangible values
344(3)
Defining cultural landscapes
345(1)
Cultural mapping
346(1)
The Burra Charter and cultural significance assessment
347(1)
Assessing the nature of significance: The Burra Charter's categories of cultural significance
348(9)
Aesthetic significance
348(2)
Historical significance
350(2)
Scientific (archaeological) or research significance
352(1)
Social significance
353(3)
Spiritual significance
356(1)
Community values and oral histories
357(3)
Recording oral histories
358(1)
Recording Indigenous oral histories
359(1)
Assessing the degree of significance
360(2)
Assessing the scale or level of significance
362(1)
Setting boundaries for significance
363(2)
Writing a statement of significance
365(1)
A summary of the significance assessment process
366(2)
Developing conservation policies
368(1)
Managing the impacts of development
368(1)
Assessing impact/harm
369(2)
Assessing visual impact
369(2)
Developing management strategies
371(2)
Strategies for managing work at cultural heritage sites
373(6)
Buffer zones
375(3)
Drafting management strategies
378(1)
Useful resources
379(1)
References
380(13)
Appendix 1 The relationship between scale, measurement and the size of a feature on a drawn plan
393(4)
Appendix 2 Archaeological toolkits
397(5)
Preparing for your first (or next) field trip
397(5)
The basic fieldwork toolkit
397(1)
The basic surveying toolkit
398(1)
Optional
399(1)
The basic excavation toolkit
399(1)
Optional
400(1)
The basic photography toolkit
400(1)
The basic illustration toolkit
400(1)
Optional
401(1)
Appendix 3 Sample recording forms
402(23)
Appendix 4 Rim diameter chart for historic ceramics
425(3)
How to use the rim diameter chart on page
427(1)
Appendix 5 Guides to dating common historical artefacts
428(45)
Dating common historical artefacts
428(41)
Dating bottle glass
428(23)
Dating ceramics
451(4)
Dating tins and tin cans
455(4)
Dating nails
459(4)
Dating clay tobacco pipes
463(1)
Dating metal match boxes
464(3)
Dating buttons
467(2)
References
469(4)
Appendix 6 Nic Grguric's guide to dating firearms-related artefacts
473(9)
Identifying British rifling impressions on projectiles
479(2)
British percussion cap crown markings
479(2)
References
481(1)
Appendix 7 Guidelines for producing technical reports
482(6)
Checklist for consultancy reports
484(3)
Title page
484(1)
Summary
484(1)
Introduction
484(1)
Background information
485(1)
Previous research
485(1)
Methods
485(1)
Results
486(1)
Discussion
486(1)
Assessment of significance
486(1)
Statement of impacts
486(1)
Recommendations
486(1)
Appendices
486(1)
Reference
487(1)
Appendix 8 Guidelines for producing interpretive materials
488(7)
Tips for making your text work
491(1)
Tips for making your layout work
492(1)
Posters
492(2)
Tips for preparing a poster
492(1)
Lyn Leader-Elliot's tips for presenting the perfect poster
493(1)
References
494(1)
Index 495