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Armour: Materials, Theory, and Design [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 395 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 725 g, 68 Tables, black and white; 163 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Jul-2015
  • Kirjastus: Apple Academic Press Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 1482238292
  • ISBN-13: 9781482238297
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 395 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 725 g, 68 Tables, black and white; 163 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Jul-2015
  • Kirjastus: Apple Academic Press Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 1482238292
  • ISBN-13: 9781482238297
Teised raamatud teemal:
Highlights Recent Advances in Materials/Armour TechnologyAs long as conflict exists in the world, protection technologies will always be in demand.Armour: Materials, Theory, and Design describes the existing and emerging protection technologies that are currently driving the latest advances in armour systems. This book explains the theory, applications, and material science aspects of modern amour design as they are used in relation to vehicles, ships, personnel, and buildings, and explores the science and technology used to provide protection against blasts and ballistic attacks. It covers materials technologies used in protection; addresses the system effects of adding blast-wave shaping to vehicles, as well as the effect on the human body; and outlines ballistic testing techniques.Takes a Look at How Armour WorksThe book discusses ceramics for armour applications; transparent armour; and metals for armour applications (including aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys and steels); as well as composite armour systems; explosive reactive armour systems with reference to defensive and suite for vehicles; and wound ballistics. In addition, the author lists more than 100 references for advanced study and further reading.Armour: Materials, Theory, and Design introduces a variety of armour technologies, outlines modern threats and dangers applicable to protection technology, and aids readers in implementing protective structures that can be used in battle, conflict, military zones, and other related environments.

Arvustused

"This book explains the theory, applications, and material science aspects of modern armour design examines different areas of the advanced threat and armour protection in the light of new development and gives a lot of examples of the increases in performance possible to expect." Advances in Military Technology, 2015

" a valuable resource I predict it will be on the shelves of all researchers in this field in no time. It is full of relevant examples, material information, and illustrations that provide the reader with a complete picture of penetration mechanics in a wide variety of materials. well-researched and combines some of the latest approaches with classical theories resulting in a full picture of armor penetration. I really like Professor Hazells writing style and I am certain my students will enjoy the book as well. Don Carlucci, Co-Author, Ballistics, Theory and Design of Guns and Ammunition

"I found the book extremely informative. While the actual design of armor and the defeat of it has the basis in much deeper mathematics and studies than covered in the book, it provides the full overview and references needed for a full perspective. This book will be highly useful to materials scientists and engineers beyond those explicitly interested in armor and munitions, as the mathematics and mechanics of materials presented in the book are of immediate use to anyone researching impact-absorbing materials. Relevant fields range from medical implants to civil and automotive engineering. The classical knowledge of armor and impact could also find relevance in fields of ion bombardment and nanomanufacturing techniques. I can also see this as a good short-course textbook for undergraduate and even graduate mechanics of materials classes, as it clearly illustrates practical examples of how the mechanics, composition, and formulation of materials affect their ability to damage or withstand damage from another material. Additionally, the book contains useful charts and tables that summarize the mechanical attributes (e.g., fracture toughness, Young's modulus)." MRS Bulletin, July 2016 "This book explains the theory, applications, and material science aspects of modern armour design examines different areas of the advanced threat and armour protection in the light of new development and gives a lot of examples of the increases in performance possible to expect." Advances in Military Technology, 2015

" a valuable resource I predict it will be on the shelves of all researchers in this field in no time. It is full of relevant examples, material information, and illustrations that provide the reader with a complete picture of penetration mechanics in a wide variety of materials. well-researched and combines some of the latest approaches with classical theories resulting in a full picture of armor penetration. I really like Professor Hazells writing style and I am certain my students will enjoy the book as well. Don Carlucci, Co-Author, Ballistics, Theory and Design of Guns and Ammunition

"I found the book extremely informative. While the actual design of armor and the defeat of it has the basis in much deeper mathematics and studies than covered in the book, it provides the full overview and references needed for a full perspective. This book will be highly useful to materials scientists and engineers beyond those explicitly interested in armor and munitions, as the mathematics and mechanics of materials presented in the book are of immediate use to anyone researching impact-absorbing materials. Relevant fields range from medical implants to civil and automotive engineering. The classical knowledge of armor and impact could also find relevance in fields of ion bombardment and nanomanufacturing techniques. I can also see this as a good short-course textbook for undergraduate and even graduate mechanics of materials classes, as it clearly illustrates practical examples of how the mechanics, composition, and formulation of materials affect their ability to damage or withstand damage from another material. Additionally, the book contains useful charts and tables that summarize the mechanical attributes (e.g., fracture toughness, Young's modulus)." MRS Bulletin, July 2016

Preface xiii
Author xv
1 Introduction 1(14)
1.1 Survivability and Onions
2(1)
1.2 Some Basic Concepts
3(1)
1.3 The Disposition of Armour
4(2)
1.4 Early Applications
6(5)
1.4.1 Personal Protection
6(1)
1.4.2 Vehicle Armour
7(1)
1.4.3 Aircraft Armour
8(1)
1.4.4 Ship Armour
8(2)
1.4.5 Fortifications
10(1)
1.5 Early Empirical Models of Penetration
11(3)
1.6 Summary
14(1)
2 An Introduction to Materials 15(34)
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 A Quick Introduction to the Structure of Materials
15(2)
2.2.1 Mechanisms of Plastic Deformation
16(1)
2.3 Stress and Strain
17(4)
2.4 Elasticity
21(3)
2.5 Strength
24(6)
2.6 Hardness
30(2)
2.7 Dynamic Behaviour of Materials
32(15)
2.7.1 Charpy Impact Test
36(1)
2.7.2 Instrumented Drop Tower Test
37(1)
2.7.3 Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test
37(1)
2.7.4 Taylor Test
38(7)
2.7.4.1 Introductory Concepts
39(1)
2.7.4.2 Approximate Formula for Estimating the Yield Point
40(5)
2.7.5 Dynamic Extrusion Test
45(1)
2.7.6 Flyer-Plate Test
45(2)
2.8 Summary
47(2)
3 Bullets, Blast, Jets and Fragments 49(42)
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 Small-Arms Ammunition
49(5)
3.2.1 Bullet Notation
50(1)
3.2.2 Penetrability
51(2)
3.2.3 The Effect of the Bullet's Jacket during Penetration
53(1)
3.3 Higher-Calibre KE Rounds
54(1)
3.4 Explosive Materials
55(13)
3.4.1 Blast
57(1)
3.4.2 Blast Wave Parameters
58(2)
3.4.3 Blast Scaling Laws
60(2)
3.4.4 Predicting Blast Loading on Structures
62(2)
3.4.5 Underwater Blasts
64(2)
3.4.6 Buried Mines and IEDs
66(2)
3.5 Shaped-Charge
68(6)
3.5.1 Penetration Prediction
69(2)
3.5.2 Jet Formation
71(3)
3.6 Explosively Formed Projectiles
74(2)
3.7 High-Explosive Squash Head
76(1)
3.8 Fragments
77(13)
3.8.1 Gurney Analysis to Predict Fragment Velocity
79(4)
3.8.2 Drag on Fragments and Other Projectiles
83(4)
3.8.3 Fragment Penetration
87(3)
3.9 Summary
90(1)
4 Penetration Mechanics 91(46)
4.1 Introduction
91(1)
4.2 Failure Mechanisms
91(1)
4.3 Penetration Analysis
92(25)
4.3.1 Penetration into Thick Plates
96(13)
4.3.1.1 Recht Penetration Formula
97(5)
4.3.1.2 Forrestal Penetration Formula
102(7)
4.3.2 Penetration of Thin Plates
109(5)
4.3.2.1 The Effect of Projectile Shape on Penetration
109(1)
4.3.2.2 Penetration of Thin Plates by Blunt-Nosed Projectiles
110(2)
4.3.2.3 Penetration of Thin Plates by Sharp-Nosed Projectiles
112(2)
4.3.3 Introducing Obliquity
114(3)
4.4 Hydrodynamic Penetration
117(17)
4.4.1 Fluid Jet Penetration Model
119(5)
4.4.2 Improvements on the Fluid Jet Penetration Model
124(9)
4.4.3 Segmented Penetrators
133(1)
4.5 A Brief Look at Computational Approaches
134(2)
4.5.1 Types
134(2)
4.6 Summary
136(1)
5 Stress Waves 137(40)
5.1 Introduction
137(1)
5.2 Calculation of the Particle Velocity
138(1)
5.3 Elastic Waves
139(8)
5.3.1 Elastic Wave Transmission and Reflection at an Interface
140(7)
5.4 Inelastic Waves
147(3)
5.4.1 Inelastic Wave Transmission and Reflection at an Interface
148(2)
5.5 Shock Waves
150(4)
5.5.1 An Ideal Shock Wave
151(1)
5.5.2 Are Shock Waves Relevant in Ballistic-Attack Problems?
152(2)
5.6 Rankine-Hugoniot Equations
154(21)
5.6.1 Conservation of Mass
155(1)
5.6.2 Conservation of Momentum
155(1)
5.6.3 Conservation of Energy
156(3)
5.6.4 A Consistent Set of Units
159(1)
5.6.5 The Hugoniot
159(4)
5.6.6 Calculating the Pressure from Two Colliding Objects
163(3)
5.6.7 Hugoniot Elastic Limit
166(1)
5.6.8 Shocks in Elastic-Plastic Materials
167(3)
5.6.9 Evaluating the Strength of a Material behind the Shock Wave
170(1)
5.6.10 Release Waves
171(1)
5.6.11 Spall in Shocked Materials
172(3)
5.7 Summary
175(2)
6 Metallic Armour Materials and Structures 177(30)
6.1 Introduction
177(1)
6.2 Properties and Processing of Metallic Armour
177(4)
6.2.1 Wrought Plate
177(2)
6.2.2 Cast Armour
179(1)
6.2.3 Welding and Structural Failure due to Blast and Ballistic Loading
180(1)
6.3 Metallic Armour Materials
181(19)
6.3.1 Steel Armour
182(7)
6.3.1.1 A Quick Word on the Metallurgy of Steel
182(1)
6.3.1.2 Rolled Homogeneous Armour
183(1)
6.3.1.3 High-Hardness Armour
184(1)
6.3.1.4 Variable Hardness Steel Armour
185(2)
6.3.1.5 Perforated Armour
187(1)
6.3.1.6 Ballistic Testing of Steel Armour
188(1)
6.3.2 Aluminium Alloy Armour
189(6)
6.3.2.1 Processing and Properties
189(2)
6.3.2.2 Ballistic Testing of Aluminium Armour
191(3)
6.3.2.3 Applications of Aluminium Armour
194(1)
6.3.3 Magnesium Alloy Armour
195(2)
6.3.3.1 Processing and Properties
196(1)
6.3.3.2 Ballistic Testing of Magnesium Alloys
197(1)
6.3.4 Titanium Alloy Armour
197(3)
6.3.4.1 Processing and Properties
198(2)
6.3.4.2 Ballistic Testing of Titanium Alloy Armour
200(1)
6.4 Sandwich Structures
200(5)
6.4.1 Sandwich Core Topologies
201(11)
6.4.1.1 Foams
201(2)
6.4.1.2 Architectured Core Topologies
203(2)
6.5 Summary
205(2)
7 Ceramic Armour 207(36)
7.1 Introduction
207(1)
7.2 Structure of Armour Ceramics
208(1)
7.3 Processing of Ceramics
209(3)
7.4 Properties of Ceramic
212(6)
7.4.1 Flexural Strength of Ceramics
214(1)
7.4.2 Fracture Toughness of Ceramics
214(1)
7.4.3 Fractography
214(2)
7.4.4 Hardness
216(1)
7.4.5 Effect of Porosity on the Properties of Ceramics
216(2)
7.5 Early Studies on Ceramic Armour
218(1)
7.6 Cone Formation
219(1)
7.7 High-Velocity Impact Studies
220(2)
7.8 Studies on the Subject of Dwell
222(3)
7.9 Shock Studies in Ceramic Materials
225(1)
7.10 Modelling Ceramic Impact
226(6)
7.10.1 Computational Modelling
226(2)
7.10.2 Modelling Comminution
228(3)
7.10.3 Analytical Formulations
231(1)
7.11 Current Application and Challenges
232(4)
7.11.1 Ceramic Material Choices
232(2)
7.11.2 Ceramic Armour Applications
234(2)
7.12 Comparing with Other Materials
236(1)
7.13 Improving Performance
236(2)
7.14 Transparent Armour Materials
238(2)
7.14.1 Bullet-Resistant Glass
238(1)
7.14.2 Ceramic Options
239(1)
7.15 Summary
240(3)
8 Woven Fabrics and Composite Laminates for Armour Applications 243(28)
8.1 Introduction
243(1)
8.2 Basics
243(2)
8.2.1 Terminology and Notation
244(1)
8.3 Manufacturing Processes of Composite Laminates
245(2)
8.3.1 Compression Moulding
246(1)
8.3.2 Autoclave Moulding
246(1)
8.3.3 Resin Transfer Moulding
246(1)
8.4 Fibrous Materials for Armour Applications
247(19)
8.4.1 General Factors That Affect Performance
247(2)
8.4.2 Aramid-Based Fibres for Armour Applications
249(2)
8.4.2.1 Kevlar Fibres and Shear-Thickening Fluids
250(1)
8.4.3 Glass Fibres for Armour Applications
251(7)
8.4.3.1 The Effect of Stitching
252(1)
8.4.3.2 3D Woven Structures
253(1)
8.4.3.3 Thickness Effects
253(3)
8.4.3.4 The Effect of Laminate Make-Up on Ballistic Performance
256(2)
8.4.4 Basalt Fibres for Armour Applications
258(1)
8.4.5 UHMWPE Fibres for Armour Applications
259(4)
8.4.5.1 Ballistic Penetration of Dyneema
260(2)
8.4.5.2 Shock Loading of Dyneema
262(1)
8.4.6 PBO Fibres
263(1)
8.4.7 Carbon Fibre Composites
263(8)
8.4.7.1 Failure during Ballistic Loading
264(2)
8.5 Spall Shields
266(2)
8.6 A Word about Sandwich Constructions
268(1)
8.7 Summary
268(3)
9 Reactive Armour Systems 271(22)
9.1 Introduction
271(1)
9.2 Explosive-Reactive Armour
271(10)
9.2.1 Historical Development
273(1)
9.2.2 Theoretical Considerations
274(2)
9.2.3 Defeating Long-Rod Penetrators
276(2)
9.2.4 Low Collateral Damage
278(2)
9.2.5 Explosive Compositions
280(1)
9.2.6 Testing and Performance Improvement
280(1)
9.3 Bulging Armour
281(1)
9.3.1 The Passive-Reactive Cassette Concept
282(1)
9.4 Electric and Electromagnetic Developments
282(1)
9.5 Hard-Kill Defensive Aid Suites (DASs)
283(7)
9.5.1 Early DAS Systems: Drozd
285(1)
9.5.2 Arena
286(1)
9.5.3 Trophy
286(1)
9.5.4 Defeating Long-Rod Penetrators
287(2)
9.5.5 A Developing Trend
289(1)
9.6 Summary: What about the Future?
290(3)
10 Human Vulnerability 293(18)
10.1 Introduction
293(1)
10.2 Human Response to Ballistic Loading
293(5)
10.2.1 History
293(3)
10.2.2 Penetration Mechanisms
296(1)
10.2.3 The Wound Channel
297(1)
10.2.4 Blunt Trauma
298(1)
10.3 Human Response to Blast Loading
298(6)
10.3.1 Primary Injury
299(3)
10.3.2 Secondary Injury
302(1)
10.3.3 Tertiary Injury
303(1)
10.3.4 Quaternary Injury
304(1)
10.4 Limiting Blast Mine Injury to Vehicle Occupants
304(5)
10.4.1 Occupant Survivability
305(1)
10.4.2 V-Shaping
305(1)
10.4.3 General Techniques for Mine Protection
306(3)
10.5 Summary
309(2)
11 Blast and Ballistic Testing Techniques 311(16)
11.1 Introduction
311(1)
11.2 Ballistic Testing Techniques
311(10)
11.2.1 Depth-of-Penetration Testing
311(2)
11.2.2 Non-Linear Behaviour
313(1)
11.2.3 Ballistic-Limit Testing
314(3)
11.2.4 Shatter Gap
317(1)
11.2.5 Perforation Tests
318(1)
11.2.6 Using a Ballistic Pendulum
319(1)
11.2.7 The Reverse-Ballistic Test
320(1)
11.3 Blast and Fragmentation Testing Techniques
321(5)
11.3.1 Fragment Simulators
322(2)
11.3.2 Blast and Shock Simulators
324(1)
11.3.3 Blast Mine Surrogates
325(1)
11.3.4 Explosive Bulge Test
326(1)
11.4 Summary
326(1)
Glossary 327(10)
References 337(24)
Index 361
Paul J. Hazell is a professor of impact dynamics at UNSW Australia. His main research interests are shock loading, penetration mechanics, and lightweight armour optimization. He also teaches courses related to terminal ballistics and armour design at the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra. Prior to coming to Australia, he worked for Cranfield University at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom at Shrivenham. Hazell graduated from the University of Leeds in 1992 with a BEng (Hons) degree in mechanical engineering, and pursued his doctoral studies at the Shrivenham campus of Cranfield University (at the Royal Military College of Science).