Preface |
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Editor biography |
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2 Artificial intelligence and machine learning |
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2.1.1 Foundations, similarities, and differences |
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2.1.2 Connection to decision making |
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2.2 Overview of learning methods |
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2.2.1 Supervised learning |
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2.2.2 Unsupervised learning |
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2.2.3 Semi-supervised learning |
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4 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Reinforcement learning |
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4 | (1) |
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2.3.1 Gaussian mixture models |
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2.3.2 Regression and classification algorithms |
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2.3.3 Decision-tree algorithms |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (6) |
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18 | (1) |
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3 Overview of AI applications in radiation therapy |
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3.1 Opportunities of AI applications in modern radiotherapy workflow |
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1 | (15) |
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16 | (1) |
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4 Introduction to CT/MR simulation in radiotherapy |
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1 | (1) |
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4.1 Simulation procedure in the radiation therapy process |
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4.2 Immobilization device for radiation therapy |
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3 | (1) |
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4.2.1 Systematic error and random error |
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3 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Reproducibility of patient setup |
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4 | (1) |
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4.3 Image quality and acquisition time |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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4.4.1 Deformable image registration |
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4.4.2 AI driven image deformation |
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4.4.3 Practical implementation of AI |
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1 | (1) |
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5.1 Introduction to organ delineation in radiotherapy |
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5.1.1 Organ delineation in the radiation therapy process |
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5.1.2 Impact of delineation accuracies |
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3 | (1) |
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5.2 Organ delineation methodologies |
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4 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Automated image segmentation techniques and deep learning applications |
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5.3 Implementation for clinical diseases: targets and normal structures |
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5.3.1 Head and neck and brain structures |
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12 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Thoracic and gastrointestinal structures |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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5.4 Best practice implementation of AI driven delineation |
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14 | (3) |
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5.5 Future developments and outlook |
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17 | (1) |
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6 Automated treatment planning |
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1 | (1) |
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6.1 Goals and motivations of treatment planning |
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6.2 Automated treatment planning overview |
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3 | (1) |
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6.3 Knowledge-based planning |
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3 | (1) |
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6.4 Protocol-based planning |
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4 | (1) |
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6.5 Multicriteria optimization |
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5 | (3) |
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7 Artificial intelligence in adaptive radiation therapy |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (4) |
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2 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Types of ART, current status and challenges |
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3 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Overview of current workflow of ART and current challenges |
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4 | (1) |
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7.1.4 AI and Al-assisted technologies for ART |
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5 | (1) |
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7.2 The role of AI in ART workflow |
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5 | (8) |
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7.2.1 Deep learning for improving in-room image quality and generating pseudo-CT |
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7 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Deep learning for deformable image registration and auto-segmentation |
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8 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Machine learning for decision support on daily adaptation |
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7.2.4 Machine learning for online re-optimization |
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7.2.5 AI for quality assurance, verification, and error detection |
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7.2.6 AI for physics plan check |
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7.2.7 Considerations for education and training |
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7.3 Existing AI solutions for ART |
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7.3.1 Ethos online ART platform from Varian medical |
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14 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Machine learning solutions from RaySearch Laboratories |
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16 | (1) |
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7.3.3 PreciseART offline dose monitoring platform from Accuray |
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17 | (1) |
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8 AI-augmented image guidance for radiation therapy delivery |
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1 | (1) |
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8.1 Introduction to image guidance for radiotherapy |
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1 | (7) |
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1 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Current image guidance solutions |
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2 | (5) |
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8.1.3 AI tools and networks for image guidance |
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7 | (1) |
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8.2 Image guidance for interfraction motion |
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8 | (5) |
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8.2.1 Patients setup based on orthogonal kV images |
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8 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Pretreatment daily cone-beam CT imaging |
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10 | (3) |
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8.3 Image guidance for intrafraction motion |
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13 | (5) |
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8.3.1 Real-time monitoring methods |
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13 | (3) |
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8.3.2 Real-time needle and fiducial segmentation |
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16 | (2) |
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8.4 Real-time 3D IGRT on standard linac |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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9 AI for quality management in radiation therapy |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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9.3 AI for patient specific QA and gamma passing rate prediction |
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4 | (2) |
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9.4 AI for dosimetric and mechanical QA for linear accelerators |
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6 | (1) |
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9.4.1 Output factor and monitor unit |
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6 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Linac mechanical error detection |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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10 Data-driven approaches in radiotherapy outcome modeling |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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10.2 Analytical dose-response models and extensions |
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2 | (2) |
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10.2.1 Linear-quadratic model and equivalent dose |
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2 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Tumor control probability and normal tissue complication probability |
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3 | (1) |
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10.3 Overview of machine learning models |
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4 | (6) |
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10.3.1 Endpoint prediction: regression and classification |
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4 | (3) |
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10.3.2 Inclusion of imaging data |
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7 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Survival prediction models |
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8 | (1) |
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10.3.4 Performance evaluation metrics |
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8 | (2) |
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10.4 Practical considerations---building models for radiation oncology |
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10 | (5) |
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10 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Feature importance and selection |
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11 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Tuning hyperparameters |
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12 | (1) |
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10.4.4 Resampling: cross-validation and bootstrapping |
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12 | (1) |
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10.4.5 Nested cross-validation and final model selection |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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10.5 Including dose distributions into data-driven outcome models |
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15 | (1) |
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10.5.1 Voxel-based analysis |
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15 | (1) |
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10.6 Model reporting: TRIPOD and study analysis plans |
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16 | (1) |
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10.6.1 Study analysis plans |
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17 | (1) |
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10.7 Conclusion and future challenges |
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17 | (1) |
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11 Challenges in artificial intelligence development of radiotherapy |
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1 | (9) |
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11.1 Radiomics: past, current, and future |
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1 | (3) |
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11.1.1 Multiparametric radiomics |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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11.1.3 Artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered radiomics |
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3 | (1) |
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11.1.4 Precision radiotherapy |
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4 | (1) |
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11.2 AI and multi-radiomics as a hybrid way for AI development |
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4 | (1) |
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11.3 Ethics and regulations for artificial intelligence using biomedical informatics |
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5 | (2) |
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11.4 Heterogeneous biomedical data management |
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7 | (2) |
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11.5 Human harms due to AI |
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9 | (1) |
References |
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