Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and Microwave Applications [Kõva köide]

(Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Spain)
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Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and Microwave ApplicationsSuurem pilt
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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781118487600.html
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This book presents and discusses alternatives to ordinary transmission lines for the design and implementation of advanced RF/microwave components in planar technology.

This book is devoted to the analysis, study and applications of artificial transmission lines mostly implemented by means of a host line conveniently modified (e.g., with modulation of transverse dimensions, with etched patterns in the metallic layers, etc.) or with reactive loading, in order to achieve novel device functionalities, superior performance, and/or reduced size.

The author begins with an introductory chapter dedicated to the fundamentals of planar transmission lines. Chapter 2 is focused on artificial transmission lines based on periodic structures (including non-uniform transmission lines and reactively-loaded lines), and provides a comprehensive analysis of the coupled mode theory. Chapters 3 and 4 are dedicated to artificial transmission lines inspired by metamaterials, or based on metamaterial concepts. These chapters include the main practical implementations of such lines and their circuit models, and a wide overview of their RF/microwave applications (including passive and active circuits and antennas). Chapter 5 focuses on reconfigurable devices based on tunable artificial lines, and on non-linear transmission lines. The chapter also introduces several materials and components to achieve tuning, including diode varactors, RF-MEMS, ferroelectrics, and liquid crystals. Finally, Chapter 6 covers other advanced transmission lines and wave guiding structures, such as electroinductive-/magnetoinductive-wave lines, common-mode suppressed balanced lines, lattice-network artificial lines, and substrate integrated waveguides.

Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and Microwave Applications provides an in-depth analysis and discussion of artificial transmission lines, including design guidelines that can be useful to researchers, engineers and students.
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Fundamentals of Planar Transmission Lines 1(46)
1.1 Planar Transmission Lines, Distributed Circuits, and Artificial Transmission Lines,
1(4)
1.2 Distributed Circuit Analysis and Main Transmission Line Parameters,
5(3)
1.3 Loaded (Terminated) Transmission Lines,
8(8)
1.4 Lossy Transmission Lines,
16(12)
1.4.1 Dielectric Losses: The Loss Tangent,
19(6)
1.4.2 Conductor Losses: The Skin Depth,
25(3)
1.5 Comparative Analysis of Planar Transmission Lines,
28(3)
1.6 Some Illustrative Applications of Planar Transmission Lines,
31(13)
1.6.1 Semilumped Transmission Lines and Stubs and Their Application to Low-Pass and Notch Filters,
31(8)
1.6.2 Low-Pass Filters Based on Richard's Transformations,
39(1)
1.6.3 Power Splitters Based on 2/4 Lines,
40(2)
1.6.4 Capacitively Coupled 2/2 Resonator Bandpass Filters,
42(2)
References,
44(3)
2 Artificial Transmission Lines based on Periodic Structures 47(72)
2.1 Introduction and Scope,
47(1)
2.2 Floquet Analysis of Periodic Structures,
48(5)
2.3 The Transfer Matrix Method,
53(11)
2.3.1 Dispersion Relation,
54(2)
2.3.2 Bloch Impedance,
56(4)
2.3.3 Effects of Asymmetry in the Unit Cell through an Illustrative Example,
60(2)
2.3.4 Comparison between Periodic Transmission Lines and Conventional Lines,
62(1)
2.3.5 The Concept of Iterative Impedance,
63(1)
2.4 Coupled Mode Theory,
64(22)
2.4.1 The Cross-Section Method and the Coupled Mode Equations,
65(4)
2.4.2 Relation between the Complex Mode Amplitudes and S-Parameters,
69(2)
2.4.3 Approximate Analytical Solutions of the Coupled Mode Equations,
71(6)
2.4.4 Analytical Expressions for Relevant Parameters of EBG Periodic Structures,
77(2)
2.4.5 Relation between the Coupling Coefficient and the S-Parameters,
79(1)
2.4.6 Using the Approximate Solutions of the Coupled Mode Equations,
80(6)
2.5 Applications,
86(28)
2.5.1 Applications of Periodic Nonuniform Transmission Lines,
86(16)
2.5.1.1 Reflectors,
86(6)
2.5.1.2 High-Q Resonators,
92(1)
2.5.1.3 Spurious Suppression in Planar Filters,
93(2)
2.5.1.4 Harmonic Suppression in Active Circuits,
95(4)
2.5.1.5 Chirped Delay Lines,
99(3)
2.5.2 Applications of Reactively Loaded Lines: The Slow Wave Effect,
102(20)
2.5.2.1 Compact CPW Bandpass Filters with Spurious Suppression,
105(3)
2.5.2.2 Compact Microstrip Wideband Bandpass Filters with Ultrawideband Spurious Suppression,
108(6)
References,
114(5)
3 Metamaterial Transmission Lines: Fundamentals, Theory, Circuit Models, and Main Implementations 119(95)
3.1 Introduction, Terminology, and Scope,
119(3)
3.2 Effective Medium Metamaterials,
122(19)
3.2.1 Wave Propagation in LH Media,
123(2)
3.2.2 Losses and Dispersion in LH Media,
125(2)
3.2.3 Main Electromagnetic Properties of LH Metamaterials,
127(4)
3.2.3.1 Negative Refraction,
128(1)
3.2.3.2 Backward Cerenkov Radiation,
129(2)
3.2.4 Synthesis of LH Metamaterials,
131(10)
3.2.4.1 Negative Effective Permittivity Media: Wire Media,
132(4)
3.2.4.2 Negative Effective Permeability Media: SRRs,
136(3)
3.2.4.3 Combining SRRs and Metallic Wires: One-Dimensional LH Medium,
139(2)
3.3 Electrically Small Resonators for Metamaterials and Microwave Circuit Design,
141(8)
3.3.1 Metallic Resonators,
142(4)
3.3.1.1 The Non-Bianisotropic SRR (NB-SRR),
142(1)
3.3.1.2 The Broadside-Coupled SRR (BC-SRR),
142(1)
3.3.1.3 The Double-Slit SRR (DS-SRR),
143(1)
3.3.1.4 The Spiral Resonator (SR),
144(1)
3.3.1.5 The Folded SIR,
144(1)
3.3.1.6 The Electric LC Resonator (ELC),
145(1)
3.3.1.7 The Open Split-Ring Resonator (OSRR),
146(1)
3.3.2 Applying Duality: Complementary Resonators,
146(3)
3.3.2.1 Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR),
147(2)
3.3.2.2 Open Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (OCSRR),
149(1)
3.4 Canonical Models of Metamaterial Transmission Lines,
149(13)
3.4.1 The Dual Transmission Line Concept,
150(4)
3.4.2 The CRLH Transmission Line,
154(4)
3.4.3 Other CRLH Transmission Lines,
158(4)
3.4.3.1 The Dual CRLH (D-CRLH) Transmission Line,
158(1)
3.4.3.2 Higher-Order CRLH and D-CRLH Transmission Lines,
159(3)
3.5 Implementation of Metamaterial Transmission Lines and Lumped-Element Equivalent Circuit Models,
162(44)
3.5.1 CL-Loaded Approach,
162(4)
3.5.2 Resonant-Type Approach,
166(38)
3.5.2.1 Transmission Lines based on SRRs,
167(10)
3.5.2.2 Transmission Lines based on CSRRs,
177(6)
3.5.2.3 Inter-Resonator Coupling: Effects and Modeling,
183(8)
3.5.2.4 Effects of SRR and CSRR Orientation: Mixed Coupling,
191(4)
3.5.2.5 Transmission Lines based on OSRRs and OCSRRs,
195(8)
3.5.2.6 Synthesis Techniques,
203(1)
3.5.3 The Hybrid Approach,
204(2)
References,
206(8)
4 Metamaterial Transmission Lines: RF/Microwave Applications 214(125)
4.1 Introduction,
214(1)
4.2 Applications of CRLH Transmission Lines,
215(88)
4.2.1 Enhanced Bandwidth Components,
215(10)
4.2.1.1 Principle and Limitations,
215(4)
4.2.1.2 Illustrative Examples,
219(6)
4.2.2 Dual-Band and Multiband,Components,
225(25)
4.2.2.1 Principle for Dual-Band and Multiband Operation,
227(1)
4.2.2.2 Main Approaches for Dual-Band Device Design and Illustrative Examples,
228(18)
4.2.2.3 Quad-Band Devices based on Extended CRLH Transmission Lines,
246(4)
4.2.3 Filters and Diplexers,
250(32)
4.2.3.1 Stopband Filters based on SRR- and CSRR-Loaded Lines,
250(1)
4.2.3.2 Spurious Suppression in Distributed Filters,
251(4)
4.2.3.3 Narrow Band Bandpass Filters and Diplexers Based on Alternate Right-/Left-Handed Unit Cells,
255(3)
4.2.3.4 Compact Bandpass Filters based on the Hybrid Approach,
258(12)
4.2.3.5 Highpass Filters Based on Balanced CRLH Lines,
270(1)
4.2.3.6 Wideband Filters Based on OSRRs and OCSRRs,
270(7)
4.2.3.7 Elliptic Lowpass Filters Based on OCSRRs,
277(5)
4.2.4 Leaky Wave Antennas (LWA),
282(8)
4.2.5 Active Circuits,
290(10)
4.2.5.1 Distributed Amplifiers,
290(8)
4.2.5.2 Dual-Band Recursive Active Filters,
298(2)
4.2.6 Sensors,
300(3)
4.3 Transmission Lines with Metamaterial Loading and Applications,
303(24)
4.3.1 Multiband Planar Antennas,
304(10)
4.3.1.1 Multiband Printed Dipole and Monopole Antennas,
304(6)
4.3.1.2 Dual-Band UHF-RFID Tags,
310(4)
4.3.2 Transmission Lines Loaded with Symmetric Resonators and Applications,
314(25)
4.3.2.1 Symmetry Properties: Working Principle for Sensors and RF Bar Codes,
315(1)
4.3.2.2 Rotation, Displacement, and Alignment Sensors,
316(8)
4.3.2.3 RF Bar Codes,
324(3)
References,
327(12)
5 Reconfigurable, Tunable, and Nonlinear Artificial Transmission Lines 339(63)
5.1 Introduction,
339(1)
5.2 Materials, Components, and Technologies to Implement Tunable Devices,
339(8)
5.2.1 Varactor Diodes, Schottky Diodes, PIN Diodes, and Heterostructure Barrier Varactors,
340(2)
5.2.2 RF-MEMS,
342(2)
5.2.3 Ferroelectric Materials,
344(2)
5.2.4 Liquid Crystals,
346(1)
5.3 Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterial Transmission Lines and Applications,
347(38)
5.3.1 Tunable Resonant-Type Metamaterial Transmission Lines,
347(30)
5.3.1.1 Varactor-Loaded Split Rings and Applications,
347(15)
5.3.1.2 Tunable SRRs and CSRRs Based on RF-MEMS and Applications,
362(13)
5.3.1.3 Metamaterial Transmission Lines Based on Ferroelectric Materials,
375(2)
5.3.2 Tunable CL-Loaded Metamaterial Transmission Lines,
377(8)
5.3.2.1 Tunable Phase Shifters,
378(3)
5.3.2.2 Tunable Leaky Wave Antennas (LWA),
381(4)
5.4 Nonlinear Transmission Lines (NLTLs),
385(10)
5.4.1 Model for Soliton Wave Propagation in NLTLs,
386(5)
5.4.2 Numerical Solutions of the Model,
391(4)
References,
395(7)
6 Other Advanced Transmission Lines 402(58)
6.1 Introduction,
402(1)
6.2 Magnetoinductive-wave and Electroinductive-wave Delay Lines,
402(9)
6.2.1 Dispersion Characteristics,
403(3)
6.2.2 Applications: Delay Lines and Time-Domain Reflectometry- Based Chipless Tags for RFID,
406(5)
6.3 Balanced Transmission Lines with Common-Mode Suppression,
411(18)
6.3.1 Strategies for Common-Mode Suppression,
411(3)
6.3.1.1 Differential Lines Loaded with Dumbbell-Shaped Slotted Resonators,
412(1)
6.3.1.2 Differential Lines Loaded with CSRRs,
412(2)
6.3.2 CSRR- and DS-CSRR-Based Differential Lines with Common-Mode Suppression: Filter Synthesis and Design,
414(4)
6.3.3 Applications of CSRR and DS-CSRR-Based Differential Lines,
418(3)
6.3.3.1 Differential Line with Common-Mode Suppression,
418(3)
6.3.3.2 Differential Bandpass Filter with Enhanced Common-Mode Rejection,
421(1)
6.3.4 Balanced Filters with Inherent Common-Mode Suppression,
421(8)
6.3.4.1 Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on OSRRs and OCSRRs,
423(2)
6.3.4.2 Balanced Bandpass Filters Based on Mirrored SIRS,
425(4)
6.4 Wideband Artificial Transmission Lines,
429(12)
6.4.1 Lattice Network Transmission Lines,
429(10)
6.4.1.1 Lattice Network Analysis,
430(4)
6.4.1.2 Synthesis of Lattice Network Artificial Transmission Lines,
434(3)
6.4.1.3 The Bridged-T Topology,
437(2)
6.4.2 Transmission Lines Based on Non-Foster Elements,
439(2)
6.5 Substrate-Integrated Waveguides and Their Application to Metamaterial Transmission Lines,
441(13)
6.5.1 SIWs with Metamaterial Loading and Applications to Filters and Diplexers,
444(1)
6.5.2 CRLH Lines Implemented in SIW Technology and Applications,
445(9)
References,
454(6)
Appendix A. Equivalence between Plane Wave Propagation in Source-Free, Linear, Isotropic, and Homogeneous Media; TEM Wave Propagation in Transmission Lines; and Wave Propagation in Transmission Lines Described by its Distributed Circuit Model 460(8)
Appendix B. The Smith Chart 468(6)
Appendix C. The Scattering Matrix 474(6)
Appendix D. Current Density Distribution in a Conductor 480(2)
Appendix E. Derivation of the Simplified Coupled Mode Equations and Coupling Coefficient from the Distributed Circuit Model of a Transmission Line 482(2)
Appendix F. Averaging the Effective Dielectric Constant in EBG-Based Transmission Lines 484(2)
Appendix G. Parameter Extraction 486(5)
Appendix H. Synthesis of Resonant-Type Metamaterial Transmission Lines by Means of Aggressive Space Mapping 491(12)
Appendix I. Conditions to Obtain All-Pass X-Type and Bridged-T Networks 503(2)
Acronyms 505(3)
Index 508
FERRAN MARTÍN is Full Professor of Electronics in the Departament dEnginyeria Electrònica at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) in Spain. He is the Head of the Microwave Engineering, Metamaterials and Antennas Group (GEMMA) at UAB and the Director of CIMITEC, a research center on metamaterials. Dr. Martín has generated over 450 book chapters, journal papers, and conference contributions (most of them on topics related to the book) and has supervised 14 PhDs. He holds one of the Parc de Recerca UAB/ Santander Technology Transfer Chairs at UAB and has been the recipient of the Duran Farell Prize (2006) and the ICREA Academia Award (2008 and 2013). He is IEEE Fellow since 2012.