Foreword |
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xiii | |
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Preface |
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xv | |
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xv | |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
About the Author |
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xxi | |
Part I: Assessment as a Context for Teaching and Learning: Bridges to Equity |
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1 | (122) |
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2 | (1) |
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Why Center on Language Learners With Special Attention to English Language Learners? |
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2 | (1) |
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Who Are Our English Language Learners? Facts and Figures of the Changing Demographic |
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3 | (3) |
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4 | (2) |
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Who Are the Educators of Language Learners? |
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6 | (2) |
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What Are Linguistically and Culturally Responsive Classrooms and Schools? |
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8 | (2) |
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Resource 1.1 Describing Your Language Learners |
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10 | (1) |
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Resource 1.2 Identifying Educators of English Language Learners |
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11 | (1) |
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Resource 1.3 A Rating Scale of a Linguistically and Culturally Responsive School |
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12 | (1) |
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Chapter 1 Assessment of Language Learners: The Bridge to Educational Equity |
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13 | (26) |
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Considerations in Assessing English Language Learners |
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13 | (2) |
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Identification of English Language Learners |
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15 | (3) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Identification of English Language Learners With Disabilities |
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18 | (1) |
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Educational Policy and Its Impact on Assessment |
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19 | (1) |
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Principles for Assessing Language Learners |
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20 | (1) |
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Formative or Summative? Which One Is It? |
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21 | (1) |
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Introducing Assessment as, for, and of Learning |
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22 | (2) |
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Purposes for Assessing English Language Learners |
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24 | (5) |
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Measuring Academic Language Proficiency and Academic Achievement |
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27 | (1) |
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Planning Ahead: An Assessment Schedule |
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28 | (1) |
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Academic Language Use and Assessment |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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Resource 1.1 A Decision Tree for the Identification and Placement of English Language Learners |
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32 | (1) |
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Resource 1.2 A Sample Language Use Survey for Newly Enrolled Students |
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33 | (1) |
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Resource 1.3 A Sample Oral Language Use Survey for English Language Learners |
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34 | (1) |
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Resource 1.4 A Sample Literacy Use Survey for English Language Learners |
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35 | (1) |
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Resource 1.5 Purposes for Classroom Assessment, Types of Measures, and Language(s) of Assessment |
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36 | (1) |
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Resource 1.6 A Hypothetical Calendar for Assessment of Learning for English Language Learners: State and District Levels |
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37 | (1) |
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Resource 1.7 An Inventory of Initial Measures and Assessment Policies for English Language Learners |
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38 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Assessment of Academic Language Through Standards: The Bridge to Systemic Equity |
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39 | (23) |
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College and Career Readiness Standards, Other Content Standards, and Related Assessment |
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40 | (1) |
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Getting Organized for Standards-Referenced Assessment of Academic Language Use |
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41 | (1) |
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Academic Language: The Bridge Connecting Content Standards and Language Proficiency Development Standards |
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42 | (6) |
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Academic Language Functions in Standards |
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45 | (3) |
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The Foundation for Language "Proficiency" Assessment: Language Proficiency/Development Standards |
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48 | (5) |
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48 | (2) |
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Language Proficiency/Development Standards |
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50 | (2) |
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Supports for Instruction and Assessment |
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52 | (1) |
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Implementing a Standards Framework Through Essential Actions |
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53 | (2) |
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Integration of Standards and Assessment in an Educational System |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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Resource 2.1 Grouping English Language Learners by Levels of Language Proficiency |
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57 | (1) |
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Resource 2.2 Language Proficiency/Development Standards |
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58 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Assessment of the Language of the Content Areas: The Bridge to Academic Equity |
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62 | (31) |
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Planning for Standards-Referenced Assessment |
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64 | (2) |
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Getting Organized for Assessment |
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66 | (1) |
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The Language of Mathematics |
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66 | (6) |
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The Dimensions of Academic Language: Implications for Assessment and Instruction |
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69 | (1) |
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The Language and Culture of Mathematics Operations |
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69 | (2) |
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Measuring the Language of Mathematics |
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71 | (1) |
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The Language of Language Arts |
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72 | (6) |
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The Dimensions of Academic Language: Implications for Instruction and Assessment |
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76 | (1) |
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Measuring the Language of Language Arts |
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77 | (1) |
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Opportunities for Crosslinguistic Transfer Through Cognates |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (5) |
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The Dimensions of Academic Language: Implications for Instruction and Assessment |
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80 | (1) |
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Measuring the Language of Science |
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81 | (2) |
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The Language of Social Studies |
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83 | (7) |
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The Dimensions of Academic Language: Implications for Instruction and Assessment |
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84 | (1) |
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Using Cooperative Learning Strategies to Promote Oral Interaction |
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85 | (2) |
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Using Graphic and Visual Supports for Instruction and Assessment |
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87 | (1) |
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Measuring the Language of Social Studies |
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88 | (2) |
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The Language of Other Content Areas |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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Resource 3.1 Features Associated With Assessment of Content and Language Across the Curriculum |
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92 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Assessment of Oral Language and Literacy Development: The Bridge to Linguistic Equity |
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93 | (30) |
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Getting Ready for Standards-Referenced Assessment |
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94 | (1) |
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Language Proficiency Assessment: Oral Language |
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95 | (11) |
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The Nature of Listening Comprehension |
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96 | (1) |
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Instructional Assessment of Listening Comprehension |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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Instructional Assessment of Speaking |
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100 | (6) |
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Language Proficiency Assessment: Literacy |
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106 | (13) |
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106 | (1) |
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Ideas for Reading Strategies for ELLs |
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107 | (1) |
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Expansion of Reading to Digital Literacy |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (2) |
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Instructional Assessment of Reading |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (1) |
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The Difference Between Genres and Text Types |
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114 | (5) |
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119 | (1) |
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The Convergence of Content and Language |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (2) |
Part II: Assessment From a Different Perspective: The Bridge to Schoolwide Equity |
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123 | (118) |
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Overview of Assessment as, for, and of Learning |
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124 | (4) |
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The Role of Rubrics in Assessment as, for, and of Learning |
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128 | (5) |
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Holistic, Analytic, and Task-Specific Rubrics |
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131 | (1) |
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Using Rubrics With Assessment as, for, and of Learning |
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131 | (2) |
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Resource 11.1 Assessment as, for, and of Learning in My School |
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133 | (1) |
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Resource 11.2 A Checklist Descriptive of Linguistically and Culturally Responsive Rubrics |
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134 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Assessment as Learning: The Bridge to Student Equity |
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135 | (23) |
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Connecting Students and Classrooms |
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137 | (1) |
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The Role of Teachers in Assessment as Learning |
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138 | (1) |
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The Benefits of Assessment as Learning |
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139 | (1) |
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Assessment as Learning Practices |
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140 | (13) |
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1 Student Involvement in Planning Assessment as Learning |
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141 | (1) |
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2 Student Involvement in Implementing Assessment as Learning |
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141 | (1) |
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3 Student Involvement in Evaluating Assessment as Learning |
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142 | (3) |
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Exemplifying Assessment as Learning: Students as Self- and Peer Assessors |
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145 | (1) |
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Questions and Prompts for Self-Assessment |
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146 | (1) |
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Types of Student Self-Assessment |
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147 | (6) |
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Student Self-Assessment as Information Gathering and Feedback |
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153 | (3) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Assessment for Learning: The Bridge to Teacher Equity |
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158 | (35) |
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159 | (15) |
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160 | (1) |
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Assessment for Learning: A Teacher-Directed Process |
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161 | (13) |
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Common Instructional Products |
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174 | (5) |
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Defining Common Assessment |
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174 | (3) |
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Academic Language Use Within Common Assessment |
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177 | (1) |
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The Importance of Inter-Rater Agreement in Documenting Common Instructional Products |
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178 | (1) |
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Design and Implementation of Common Instructional Products |
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179 | (5) |
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Planning a Unit of Learning With Common Assessment in Mind |
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179 | (4) |
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Evaluation of Common Instructional Products |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Resource 6.1 Example Language Expectations for Language Learners at Varying Language Proficiency Levels |
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185 | (1) |
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Resource 6.2 Activities, Tasks, or Projects? |
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186 | (1) |
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Resource 6.3 Planning for Common Instructional Products |
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187 | (1) |
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Resource 6.4 Common Instructional Products: A Checklist for Use Prior to Implementing Performance-Based Projects |
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188 | (1) |
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Resource 6.5 Common Instructional Products: A Review Sheet for Projects Involving English Language Learners |
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189 | (1) |
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Resource 6.6 A Template for a Unit's Common Instructional Product |
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190 | (2) |
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Resource 6.7 Curriculum Design Highlighting Academic Language Use |
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192 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Assessment of Learning: The Bridge to Administrator Equity |
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193 | (26) |
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The Distinctions Among Testing, Assessment, and Evaluation |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (2) |
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What the Scores for Assessment of Learning Mean |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (17) |
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Linguistic Appropriateness of Assessment Measures: Implications for ELLs and ELLs With Disabilities |
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202 | (1) |
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Norm-Referenced and Criterion-Referenced Tests |
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202 | (1) |
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Types of Item Responses in Assessment of Learning |
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202 | (1) |
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Provisions for Annual Testing of English Language Learners Under the Every Student Succeeds Act |
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203 | (1) |
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The Next Generation of Achievement Testing |
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204 | (1) |
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Accessibility and Accommodations for Achievement Tests |
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205 | (1) |
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Practice Items From the Next Generation of Testing: Language Implications |
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206 | (4) |
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Innovative Testlets in Mathematics and Science |
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210 | (1) |
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Spanish Language Arts Standards and Assessment |
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211 | (1) |
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The Next Generation of Assessment for Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities |
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212 | (1) |
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The Next Generation of English Language Proficiency Tests |
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212 | (2) |
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Accessibility Features and Accommodations for English Language Proficiency Tests |
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214 | (1) |
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Approaching State Accountability Systems |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (2) |
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Resource 7.1 Accommodations for English Language Learners on Annual State Tests |
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218 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Assessment Results: Feedback, Standards-Referenced Grading, and Reporting: The Bridge to Sustained Educational Equity |
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219 | (22) |
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220 | (9) |
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To Grade or Not to Grade? The Compatibility of Grading With Assessment as and for Learning |
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221 | (1) |
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Setting Learning Goals to Anchor Grading Practices |
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222 | (1) |
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Giving Grades to English Language Learners |
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223 | (4) |
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Criteria for Grading in a Standards-Referenced World |
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227 | (1) |
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A Report Card for Dual Language Learners |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Using Student Portfolios for Assessment and Grading |
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229 | (4) |
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Features of Assessment Portfolios |
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231 | (1) |
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Contents of Assessment Portfolios |
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231 | (1) |
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Example Assessment Portfolio Entries |
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232 | (1) |
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Reporting Student Progress in Portfolio Conferences |
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233 | (5) |
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Teacher-Student Conferences |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (3) |
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Graduation Portfolios and the Seal of Bilteracy |
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237 | (1) |
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Final Reaction and Reflection |
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238 | (2) |
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Resource 8.1 An Assessment Portfolio Checklist |
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240 | (1) |
Glossary |
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241 | (9) |
References |
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250 | (11) |
Sources for Standards and Standards-Related Documents |
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261 | (2) |
Index |
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263 | |