Preface to the First English Edition |
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v | |
Illustrations |
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xi | |
Executive Summary |
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xvii | |
Chapter 1 Setting the Scene |
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1 | (4) |
1.1 Introduction |
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1 | (1) |
1.2 The problems |
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2 | (1) |
1.3 Structure of the study |
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2 | (3) |
Chapter 2 The Scenario Today |
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5 | (48) |
2.1 Structural change in the asset management business in the EU |
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5 | (29) |
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2.1.1 Inherent weakness in pay-as-you-go state pension schemes increases the need for personal retirement planning |
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5 | (16) |
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2.1.2 The pioneers in mutual fund-based retirement planning |
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21 | (3) |
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2.1.3 Harmonisation of the European capital markets and the Single Currency |
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24 | (3) |
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2.1.4 No traditional equity culture in German-speaking countries |
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27 | (7) |
2.2 The need for asset management standards in the euro zone |
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34 | (3) |
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2.2.1 Avoiding capital misallocation |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2.2 The US asset management industry as the prime competitor |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2.3 The risk of impracticable legislation and opaque case law |
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35 | (2) |
2.3 The basis for asset management standards in the euro zone |
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37 | (16) |
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2.3.1 Existing and planned legislation in the EU and Germany |
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37 | (4) |
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2.3.2 Existing US standards |
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41 | (12) |
Chapter 3 A Description of the Structural Components of the Systematic Classification of the Synopsis |
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53 | (5) |
3.1 Investor risk |
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53 | (1) |
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3.1.1 Management risk- Confidence risk |
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53 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Investment risk - the risk inherent in the investment |
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54 | (1) |
3.2 Rules for reducing the investor's risk |
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54 | (4) |
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54 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Separation of functions |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Control and enforcement of rules |
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56 | (2) |
Chapter 4 The Regulation of Management Risk |
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58 | (21) |
4.1 Investment rules |
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58 | (7) |
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4.1.1 Prohibition of transactions in the USA involving conflicts of interest |
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58 | (6) |
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4.1.2 Prohibition on transactions involving conflicts of interest in the EU and Germany |
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64 | (1) |
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4.1.3 The essence of future standard-setting |
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64 | (1) |
4.2 Separation of functions |
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65 | (11) |
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4.2.1 Institutional separation of the management company, the fund, the board of directors and the custodian in the EU and the USA |
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65 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Assuring the effective separation of the board of directors from the management company by means of independent directors |
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67 | (5) |
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4.2.3 Chinese walls and firewalls at the management company |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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4.2.5 The essence of future standard-setting |
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75 | (1) |
4.3 Disclosure |
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76 | (3) |
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4.3.1 Disclosure of all material facts in the USA, in particular in conflict of interest cases |
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76 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Valuation of fund assets |
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77 | (1) |
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4.3.3 The essence of future standard-setting |
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78 | (1) |
Chapter 5 The Regulation of Investment Risk |
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79 | (66) |
5.1 Investment rules |
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79 | (44) |
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5.1.1 Prudence, not extensive quantitative restrictions, in the EU and the USA |
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79 | (11) |
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5.1.2 Modern Portfolio Theory |
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90 | (5) |
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5.1.3 Active portfolio management as an example of a structured portfolio management approach to implementing qualitative investment rules |
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95 | (8) |
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103 | (2) |
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5.1.5 The use of financial derivatives |
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105 | (3) |
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5.1.6 Quantitative restrictions |
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108 | (6) |
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5.1.7 Special criteria for defined benefit plans |
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114 | (7) |
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5.1.8 The fiduciary's responsibility in defined contribution plans |
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121 | (1) |
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5.1.9 The essence of future standard-setting |
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122 | (1) |
5.2 Disclosure |
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123 | (22) |
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5.2.1 SIP - Statement of Investment Principles Policy |
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123 | (7) |
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5.2.2 Content of a prospectus |
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130 | (5) |
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5.2.3 Annual and half-yearly reports to shareholders and supervisory authorities in the EU and the USA |
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135 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Stricter disclosure requirements for pension funds in the EU |
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135 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Performance Presentation Standards (PPS) |
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136 | (7) |
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5.2.6 Consideration of the effects of taxes on returns in the USA |
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143 | (1) |
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5.2.7 The essence of future standard-setting |
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144 | (1) |
Chapter 6 Control and Enforcement of Rules and Regulations |
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145 | (46) |
6.1 Board of directors |
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145 | (20) |
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145 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Organisational structures |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Prohibition on delegating the board's fiduciary duties in the EU and the USA |
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148 | (1) |
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6.1.5 Transactions requiring approval in the USA |
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148 | (2) |
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6.1.6 Oversight of internal fund procedures in the USA |
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150 | (1) |
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6.1.7 Personal liability of fund directors in the USA |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (11) |
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6.1.9 The essence of future standard-setting |
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163 | (2) |
6.2 Supervisory authority |
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165 | (17) |
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6.2.1 Responsible authorities in the EU and the USA |
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165 | (1) |
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6.2.2 A-priori and a-posteriori controls in the EU and the USA |
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166 | (2) |
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6.2.3 The regulatory regime in the EU |
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168 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Conscious focusing on the board of directors as the primary instance in the regulatory |
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169 | (1) |
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6.2.5 The new Financial Services Authority (FSA) Handbook providing the regulatory framework in the UK |
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170 | (11) |
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6.2.6 The essence of future standard-setting |
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181 | (1) |
6.3 The management company's compliance department |
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182 | (4) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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6.3.4 The essence of future standard-setting |
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185 | (1) |
6.4 Shareholders |
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186 | (1) |
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6.4.1 The possibility of reporting perceived anomalies to the supervisory authority in the EU |
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186 | (1) |
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6.4.2 The right to sue personally liable board directors in the USA |
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186 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Direct influence on fund management |
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186 | (1) |
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6.4.4 The essence of future standard-setting |
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187 | (1) |
6.5 Other parties involved in supervision |
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187 | (4) |
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6.5.1 Obligations of auditors and actuaries to the supervisory authority in the EU |
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187 | (1) |
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6.5.2 The duties of the custodian in the EU |
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188 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Professional bodies |
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189 | (1) |
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6.5.4 The essence of future standard-setting |
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190 | (1) |
Chapter 7 Summary of Findings |
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191 | (4) |
Annex A Replacement Migration |
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195 | (4) |
Annex B FSA Handbook Timetable |
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199 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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201 | (10) |
Notes |
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211 | (60) |
Index |
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271 | |