Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvii | |
Author biographies |
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xix | |
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1 What is Computational Astrophysics? |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1 Computational Astrophysics |
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1 | (4) |
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1.1.1 Origin of This Book |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Hands-on is Hands-on |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.3 What about the Math? |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1.4 Objective of This Book |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.5 What is Missing from This Book |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.6 Outline of the Book |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 A Brief History of Simulations in Astrophysics |
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5 | (2) |
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1.2.1 The First Simulation Experiments |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3 Software Used in This Book |
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7 | (9) |
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1.3.1 Motivation for a Homogeneous Software Environment |
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7 | (2) |
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1.3.2 Choice of Programming Languages |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (14) |
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1.4.1 Particles and Particle Sets |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (3) |
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1.4.4 The Initial Mass Function |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (3) |
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1.4.6 Hydrodynamical Models |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (11) |
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2.1.1 Equations of Motion for a Self-gravitating System |
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1 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Gravitational Time Scales |
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2 | (5) |
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2.1.3 Star Cluster Dynamics |
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7 | (3) |
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2.1.4 Physics of the Integrator |
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10 | (2) |
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2.2 N-body Integration Strategies |
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12 | (7) |
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2.2.1 Global Structure of an N-body Code |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Types of N-body Code |
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14 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Discretization Strategies in N-body Simulations |
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15 | (4) |
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2.3 Gravity Solvers in AMUSE |
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19 | (15) |
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2.3.1 Generating Initial Conditions |
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21 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Specifying and Initializing the Gravity Solver |
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23 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Setting and Getting Parameters in a Community Code |
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24 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Feeding Particles to the N-body Code |
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26 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Evolving the Model to the Desired Time |
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27 | (2) |
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2.3.6 Retrieving Data from the N-body Code |
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29 | (1) |
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2.3.7 Storing and Recovering Data |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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2.3.9 Interrupting the N-body Integrator |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (13) |
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2.4.1 Integrating the Orbits of Venus and Earth |
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34 | (5) |
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2.4.2 Small Cluster with Stellar Collisions |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (1) |
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2.5.1 Error Propagation and Validation |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (5) |
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2.6.1 Orbital Trajectories |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Dynamical Binary Formation |
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50 | (1) |
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2.6.4 L1 Lagrangian Point |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | |
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3 Stellar Structure and Evolution |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (12) |
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3.1.1 Stellar Time Scales |
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4 | (3) |
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3.1.2 Physics of the Interior |
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7 | (4) |
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3.1.3 Final Stages of Stellar Evolution |
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11 | (2) |
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3.2 Simulating Stellar Evolution |
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13 | (14) |
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3.2.1 Stellar Evolution Modules in AMUSE |
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15 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Improving the Stellar Evolution Solver |
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16 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Evolving an Inhomogeneous Stellar Population |
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18 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Multiprocessing Codes |
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19 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Enforcing Stellar Mass Loss/Gain |
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20 | (2) |
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3.2.6 Accessing Stellar Interiors |
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22 | (1) |
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3.2.7 Modeling Stellar Mergers |
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23 | (1) |
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3.2.8 Interrupting Stellar Evolution |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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3.2.10 Reading and Writing Binary Evolution Files |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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3.3.1 Response of a Star to Mass Loss |
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27 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Blue Stragglers in M67 |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Ages of the M67 Blue Stragglers |
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33 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Constructing Isochrones |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | |
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4 Elementary Coupling Strategies |
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1 | (1) |
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4.1 Multiphysics Problems |
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1 | (1) |
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4.2 Combining Two or More Solvers |
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2 | (10) |
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4.2.1 Combining Gravity with Stellar Evolution |
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2 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Evolution of a Hierarchical Triple System |
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3 | (3) |
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4.2.3 Dedicated Channels and Copy Operations |
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6 | (4) |
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4.2.4 Particle Subsets and Supersets |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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4.4 Multi-code Strategies |
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14 | (11) |
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4.4.1 Basic Collision Handling |
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15 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Using a Separate Code to Manage a Collision |
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17 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Recovering from a Code Crash |
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19 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Event-driven Simulations |
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21 | (4) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (10) |
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4.6.1 Small Cluster with Disk-destroying Encounters |
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27 | (3) |
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4.6.2 Stellar and Binary Evolution with Stellar Dynamics |
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30 | (7) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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4.8.1 Interlaced Time-stepping |
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37 | (1) |
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4.8.2 Stellar Evolution and Dynamics |
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38 | (1) |
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4.8.3 Multiple Stellar Populations |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (11) |
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5.1.1 Underlying Equations |
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2 | (3) |
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5.1.2 Turbulence and Shocks |
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5 | (3) |
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5.1.3 Hydrodynamical Time Scales |
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8 | (1) |
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5.1.4 Hydrodynamical Instabilities |
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9 | (2) |
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5.1.5 Physics of the Integrator |
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11 | (1) |
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5.2 Hydrodynamics in AMUSE |
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12 | (23) |
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5.2.1 Types of Hydrodynamics Code |
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13 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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5.2.4 Managing Shocks and Discontinuities |
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19 | (1) |
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5.2.5 Initializing a Grid from a Particle Distribution |
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20 | (2) |
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5.2.6 Using a Hydro Code to Simulate a Stellar Merger |
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22 | (7) |
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5.2.7 Continuing with Hydrodynamics after a Henyey Code Crash |
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29 | (1) |
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5.2.8 Extending the Hydrodynamics Solver |
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30 | (5) |
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35 | (14) |
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5.3.1 Collapsing Molecular Cloud |
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35 | (8) |
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5.3.2 Circumstellar Disk with a Bump |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Accreting from the Wind of a Companion |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (4) |
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5.4.1 Riemann Shock Tube Problem |
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50 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Kelvin--Helmholtz Test |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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5.4.4 Boss--Bodenheimer Test |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (9) |
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53 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Testing the Boss-Bodenheimer Test |
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54 | (1) |
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5.5.3 The Dissolving Bump |
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55 | (1) |
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5.5.4 Collapsing Molecular Cloud with Sink Particles |
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56 | (1) |
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5.5.5 A Star-forming Region |
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57 | (1) |
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5.5.6 Neutron Star Hits Companion |
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57 | (1) |
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5.5.7 Supernova Explosion |
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58 | (3) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (5) |
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6.1.1 Underlying Equations |
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3 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Physics of the Integrator |
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5 | (1) |
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6.2 Radiative Transfer in AMUSE |
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6 | (8) |
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6.2.1 Radiative Transfer Modules |
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6 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Ionization of a Molecular Cloud |
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9 | (4) |
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6.2.3 Coupling Radiative Transfer with Hydrodynamics |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (6) |
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6.3.1 Heating of a Protoplanetary Disk |
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14 | (3) |
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6.3.2 Ionization Front in an H2 Region |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (1) |
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6.5.1 Habitability of a Protoplanetary Disk |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | |
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7 Hierarchical Coupling Strategies |
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1 | (1) |
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7.1 Code-coupling Strategies |
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1 | (7) |
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2 | (3) |
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7.1.2 Implementation of Bridge |
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5 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Higher-order Bridge |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (7) |
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7.2.1 Star Cluster in a Static Galactic Potential |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (10) |
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7.3.1 Bridge Hierarchies and Hierarchical Bridges |
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15 | (5) |
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7.3.2 Bridging Gravity with Hydrodynamics |
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20 | (5) |
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25 | (15) |
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7.4.1 Dissolving Star Cluster in the Galactic Potential |
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25 | (7) |
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7.4.2 Did the Sun Originate in M67? |
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32 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Inspiral of a Binary Star into a Common Envelope |
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34 | (3) |
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7.4.4 Budding Planets in a Protoplanetary Disk |
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37 | (2) |
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7.4.5 Planetary Systems in Star Clusters |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (7) |
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7.5.1 Drift with Gravity Code |
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40 | (1) |
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7.5.2 How Did the Sun Escape from M67? |
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40 | (2) |
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7.5.3 Half Tree Code, Half Direct |
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42 | (1) |
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7.5.4 The Accreting Black Hole in HLX-1 |
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43 | (2) |
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7.5.5 Forming the Widest Binary Stars |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | |
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1 | (1) |
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8.1 Accretion in the Galactic Center from S-star Winds |
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2 | (9) |
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2 | (2) |
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8.1.2 The Combined Solver |
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4 | (5) |
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8.1.3 Results of the Simulation |
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9 | (2) |
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8.2 Supernova Impact on the Early Solar System |
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11 | (8) |
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8.2.1 Initial Conditions and Model Parameters |
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12 | (1) |
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8.2.2 The Combined Solver |
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12 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Radiative Hydrodynamics with Cooling and Heating |
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13 | (2) |
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8.2.4 Injection of the Supernova Blast Wave |
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15 | (1) |
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8.2.5 The Supernova Blast Wave Hits the Disk |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | |