Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Asymptopia [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 183 pages, kõrgus x laius: 216x140 mm, kaal: 245 g
  • Sari: Student Mathematical Library
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jul-2014
  • Kirjastus: American Mathematical Society
  • ISBN-10: 1470409046
  • ISBN-13: 9781470409043
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 183 pages, kõrgus x laius: 216x140 mm, kaal: 245 g
  • Sari: Student Mathematical Library
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jul-2014
  • Kirjastus: American Mathematical Society
  • ISBN-10: 1470409046
  • ISBN-13: 9781470409043
Asymptotics in one form or another are part of the landscape for every mathematician. The objective of this book is to present the ideas of how to approach asymptotic problems that arise in discrete mathematics, analysis of algorithms, and number theory. A broad range of topics is covered, including distribution of prime integers, Erds Magic, random graphs, Ramsey numbers, and asymptotic geometry.

The author is a disciple of Paul Erds, who taught him about Asymptopia. Primes less than n , graphs with v vertices, random walks of t steps - Erds was fascinated by the limiting behavior as the variables approached, but never reached, infinity. Asymptotics is very much an art. The various functions nlnn , n 2 , lnn n , lnn ? ? ? ? , 1 nlnn all have distinct personalities. Erds knew these functions as personal friends. It is the author's hope that these insights may be passed on, that the reader may similarly feel which function has the right temperament for a given task. This book is aimed at strong undergraduates, though it is also suitable for particularly good high school students or for graduates wanting to learn some basic techniques.

Asymptopia is a beautiful world. Enjoy!

Arvustused

The style and the beauty make this book an excellent reading. Keep it on your coffee table or/and bed table and open it often, Asymptopia is a fascinating place." - Péter Hajnal, ACTA Sci. Math.

Preface ix
A Reader's Guide xiii
Chapter 0 An Infinity of Primes
1(4)
Chapter 1 Stirling's Formula
5(22)
§1.1 Asymptotic Estimation of an Integral
5(8)
§1.2 Approximating Sums by Trapezoids
13(3)
§1.3 Combining Forces to Estimate the Error
16(2)
§1.4 Estimating the Integral More Accurately
18(3)
§1.5 An Application to Random Walks
21(6)
Chapter 2 Big Oh, Little Oh, and All That
27(10)
§2.1 The Language of Asymptotics
28(1)
§2.2 ... and How to Use It
29(2)
§2.3 Little Oh One
31(1)
§2.4 Little Fleas and Littler Fleas: The Strange Hierarchy of AAsymptopia
31(2)
§2.5 Little Oh One in the Exponent
33(1)
§2.6 Inverting Functions
34(1)
§2.7 Taylor Series
35(2)
Chapter 3 Integration in Asymptopia
37(10)
§3.1 The Gaussian Tail
38(2)
§3.2 High Trigonometric Powers
40(3)
§3.3 An Easy Integral
43(1)
§3.4 Integrals with logs
44(3)
Chapter 4 From Integrals to Sums
47(10)
§4.1 Approximating Sums by Integrals
48(3)
§4.2 The Harmonic Numbers
51(6)
Chapter 5 Asymptotics of Binomial Coefficients (nk)
57(14)
§5.1 k Relatively Small
57(3)
§5.2 Some Exercises
60(3)
§5.3 k Linear in n
63(3)
§5.4 At and Near the Middle Binomial Coefficient
66(2)
§5.5 The Binomial Distribution
68(1)
§5.6 The Binomial Tail
68(3)
Chapter 6 Unicyclic Graphs
71(22)
§6.1 Rooted Trees
72(1)
§6.2 Rooted Trees to Prufer Sequences
73(6)
§6.3 Prufer Sequences to Rooted Trees
79(3)
§6.4 Proof of Bijection
82(1)
§6.5 Rooted Forests
83(1)
§6.6 Prufer Sequences to Rooted Forests
83(3)
§6.7 ... and Back Again
86(2)
§6.8 An Exact Formula for Unicyclic Graphs
88(2)
§6.9 Counting Unicyclic Graphs in Asymptopia
90(3)
Chapter 7 Ramsey Numbers
93(10)
§7.1 Initial Erdos Argument
93(1)
§7.2 Deletion
94(1)
§7.3 Lovasz Local Lemma
95(1)
§7.4 Computations for R(k, k)
96(2)
§7.5 Asymmetrical Ramsey Numbers
98(2)
§7.6 Application to R(3, l)
100(3)
Chapter 8 Large Deviations
103(12)
§8.1 The Chernoff Bound
103(2)
§8.2 The Gaussian Tail
105(1)
§8.3 The Gaussian Paradigm I
105(2)
§8.4 Heads Minus Tails
107(2)
§8.5 ... and the Central Limit Theorem
109(1)
§8.6 The Binomial Distribution
109(2)
§8.7 The Gaussian Paradigm II
111(4)
Chapter 9 Primes
115(10)
§9.1 Fun with Primes
116(2)
§9.2 Prime Number Theorem---Lower Bound
118(1)
§9.3 Prime Number Theorem---Upper Bound
119(1)
§9.4 Prime Number Theorem with Constant
120(3)
§9.5 Telescoping
123(2)
Chapter 10 Asymptotic Geometry
125(12)
§10.1 Small Triangles
125(4)
§10.2 The Convex Hull of n Random Points
129(8)
Chapter 11 Algorithms
137(14)
§11.1 Recurrences
137(4)
§11.2 Multiplying Large Numbers
141(1)
§11.3 Multiplying Large Matrices
142(2)
§11.4 Merge Sort
144(1)
§11.5 The Sorting Game
145(3)
§11.6 Quicksort
148(3)
Chapter 12 Potpourri
151(22)
§12.1 The Law of the Iterated Logarithm
151(8)
§12.2 The Amazing Poisson Distribution
159(6)
§12.3 The Coupon Collector Problem
165(2)
§12.4 The Threshold of Connectivity
167(3)
§12.5 Tower and Log Star
170(3)
Chapter 13 Really Big Numbers!
173(6)
Bibliography 179(2)
Index 181
Joel Spencer, New York University, NY.