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Attention and Performance XI [Pehme köide]

Edited by , Edited by

Originally published in 1985, this volume presents the proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Attention and Performance. With few exceptions, the central emphasis in previous meetings of the Attention and Performance Association was on the information-processing approach to normal human cognition. This emphasis had been supplemented, on occasion, by studies employing EEG methods, but there had not been systematic attempts to relate the information-processing approach to work in the neurosciences.

This volume seeks to emphasize the search for mechanism with such methods of approach as the following: anatomical, physiological, neuropsychological, behavioral, and computational. The editors believed that this was in accord with recent developing trends in cognition and particularly with developments in the study of attention at the time.

List of Contributors and Participants
xvii
Preface xxi
Group Photo xxiv
PART I ASSOCIATION LECTURE
1 Cognitive Neuropsychology and the Study of Reading
3(38)
Max Coltheart
Abstract
3(1)
Introduction
4(4)
Dual-Route Models of Reading Aloud
8(6)
The Nature of the Nonlexical Procedure
14(5)
The Nature of the Lexical Procedure
19(2)
The Architecture of the Reading System
21(3)
Morphological Processing
24(5)
Syntax and Sentence Comprehension During Reading
29(4)
Conclusions
33(1)
References
34(7)
PART II TUTORIAL REVIEWS
2 Aspects of Cortical Organization Related to Selective Attention and Selective Impairments of Visual Perception: A Tutorial Review
41(22)
A. Cowey
Abstract
41(1)
Introduction
41(1)
Parallel Pathways in Vision From Eye to Brain
42(9)
Visual Disorders Following Cortical Damage
51(4)
Advantages of Multiple Sensory Representations
55(2)
Conclusions
57(1)
References
58(5)
3 Visual-Spatial Attention, Orienting, and Brain Physiology
63(22)
Steven A. Hillyard
Thomas F. Munte
Helen J. Neville
Abstract
63(1)
Introduction
63(1)
Behavioral Studies
64(1)
Electrophysiological Indices of Spatial Attention
65(3)
Attention to Central and Peripheral Visual Locations
68(4)
Attention to Features and Locations
72(2)
Phasic Orienting and Sustained Attention
74(8)
References
82(3)
4 Visual Search and Visual Attention
85(22)
John Duncan
Abstract
85(1)
Introduction
86(1)
Terminology
86(1)
"Nonsearch" Tasks
87(1)
The Number of Targets
88(6)
The Number of Nontargets
94(6)
Identification and Use of Stimulus Information
100(2)
Conclusions
102(1)
References
103(2)
Addendum
105(2)
5 Perceptual Integration and Postcategorical Filtering
107(26)
D. A. Allport
S. P. Tipper
N. R. J. Chmiel
Abstract
107(1)
Introduction
108(3)
Experiments
111(17)
General Discussion: Negative Priming and Perceptual Integration
128(2)
References
130(3)
6 Attention Division or Attention Sharing?
133(14)
David Navon
Abstract
133(1)
Introduction
133(1)
A Mind Without Resources
134(3)
Alternative Explanations for Task Interference
137(8)
References
145(2)
7 Looking Forward to Moving Soon: Ante Factum Selective Processes in Motor Control
147(24)
Jean Requin
Abstract
147(1)
Introduction
147(2)
Stage Versus Modulation Conceptions of Preparation
149(3)
Selective Preparation and Motor Programming
152(5)
Permissive Versus Executive Brain Processes
157(7)
Conclusions
164(1)
References
165(6)
PART III ORIENTING OF ATTENTION
8 The Spatial Structure of Visual Attention
171(18)
Cathryn J. Downing
Steven Pinker
Abstract
171(1)
Introduction
171(2)
Experiment 1
173(6)
Experiment 2
179(6)
General Discussion
185(1)
References
186(3)
9 Facilitatory and Inhibitory Components of Orienting in Visual Space
189(16)
Elizabeth Ann Maylor
Abstract
189(1)
Introduction
190(1)
Experiment 1
191(3)
Experiment 2
194(3)
Experiment 3
197(2)
Experiment 4
199(2)
General Conclusions
201(2)
References
203(2)
10 Accessing Features and Objects: Is Location Special?
205(16)
Mary Jo Nissen
Abstract
205(1)
Introduction
205(3)
Experiment 1
208(3)
Experiment 2
211(6)
Discussion
217(1)
References
218(3)
11 Vibrotactile Reaction Times in Left and Right Hemispace: Stimulus and Response Uncertainty and Gravitational and Corporeal Coordinates
221(18)
John L. Bradshaw
Jane M. Pierson
Abstract
221(1)
Introduction
221(2)
Experiment 1
223(5)
Experiment 2
228(2)
Experiment 3
230(2)
Experiment 4
232(2)
General Discussion
234(2)
References
236(3)
12 Analogical and Logical Disorders Underlying Unilateral Neglect of Space
239(12)
Edoardo Bisiach
Anna Berti
Guiseppe Vallar
Abstract
239(1)
Introduction
239(1)
The Experiment
240(3)
Discussion
243(5)
References
248(3)
13 Selective Spatial Attention: One Center, One Circuit, Or Many Circuits?
251(18)
Giacomo Rizzolatti
Maurizio Gentilucci
Massimo Matelli
Abstract
251(1)
Introduction
251(2)
Methods
253(2)
Results
255(6)
Discussion
261(3)
References
264(5)
PART IV SENSORY SYSTEMS AND SELECTION: VISION
14 Attending to the Spatial Frequency and Spatial Position of Near-Threshold Visual Patterns
269(16)
Norma Graham
Patricia Kramer
Nancy Haber
Abstract
269(1)
Introduction
269(1)
Extrinsic-Uncertainty Effects
270(3)
Concurrent Experiments
273(4)
Hearsay Evidence
277(1)
Primary-Plus-Probe Experiments
278(1)
Perception of Complex Visual Stimuli
279(3)
Appendix: Concurrent Experiments
282(1)
References
283(2)
15 Smooth Eye Movements as Indicators of Selective Attention
285(16)
Eileen Kowler
Carolina Zingale
Abstract
285(1)
Introduction
286(1)
The Effect of Selective Attention on Smooth Eye Movements
287(3)
The Effect of Selection of the Target for Smooth Eye Movements on Visual Processing
290(6)
Conclusions
296(2)
References
298(3)
16 Interactive Processes in Perceptual Organization: Evidence from Visual Agnosia
301(18)
Glyn W. Humphreys
M. Jane Riddoch
Philip T. Quinlan
Abstract
301(1)
Introduction
301(4)
Experiment 1 Processing Compound Letters
305(2)
Experiment 2 Visual Search Against Homogeneous Distractors
307(6)
Experiment 3 Subitization
313(3)
General Discussion
316(1)
References
317(2)
17 Imagery and Language Processing: A Neurophysiological Approach
319(18)
Stephen M. Kosslyn
Rita S. Berndt
Timothy J. Doyle
Abstract
319(1)
Introduction
319(2)
The Imagery Task Battery
321(2)
Image Generation
323(4)
Image Maintenance
327(2)
Image Scanning
329(1)
Image Rotation
330(4)
References
334(3)
PART V SENSORY SYSTEMS AND SELECTION: AUDITION
18 The Importance of Transients for Maintaining the Separation of Signals in Auditory Space
337(18)
Ervin R. Hatter
Thomas N. Buell
Abstract
337(1)
Introduction
337(1)
Sound Localization
338(1)
Trains of High-Frequency Clicks
339(2)
Interaural Variability
341(2)
Post Onset Effects: A Form of Saturation
343(2)
Post Onset Saturation as the Primary Limiting Factor in Localization
345(1)
Interaction with Other Parameters
345(1)
The Neural Site of Saturation
346(2)
Some Consequences of a Binaural System that Receives only Transients
348(1)
Attempts to Discover What Constitutes an Onset
349(3)
Summary
352(1)
References
353(2)
19 Stimulus Processing: Reflections in Event-Related Potentials, Magnetoencephalogram, and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
355(20)
R. Naatanen
Abstract
355(1)
Introduction
355(1)
Processing of Unattended Stimuli and ERPs
356(2)
Mismatch Negativity
358(7)
Mechanisms of Selective Attention
365(3)
Overview
368(3)
References
371(4)
20 Comparisons Across Paradigms: An ERP Study
375(16)
Anthony W. K. Gaillard
Cornelis J. Verduin
Abstract
375(1)
Introduction
375(4)
Method
379(1)
Results
380(3)
Discussion
383(4)
References
387(4)
PART VI ATTENTION AND MOTOR CONTROL
21 Information Encapsulation and Automaticity: Evidence from the Visual Control of Finely Timed Actions
391(16)
Peter McLeod
Carmel McLaughlin
Ian Nimmo-Smith
Abstract
391(1)
Introduction
391(3)
Experiment 1A
394(3)
Experiment 1B
397(1)
Experiment 2
398(4)
Discussion
402(3)
Appendix
405(1)
References
405(2)
22 The Role of Position of Gaze in Movement Accuracy
407(18)
B. Biguer
M. Jeannerod
C. Prablanc
Abstract
407(1)
Introduction
407(1)
The Temporal Pattern of Eye, Head, and Arm Movements During Pointing at a Visual Target
408(7)
The Contribution of Coordinated Eye and Head Movements in Hand-Pointing Accuracy
415(8)
References
423(2)
23 Eye Movement Control Following Corpus Commissurotomy in Humans
425(16)
Jeffrey D. Holtzman
Abstract
425(1)
Introduction
425(2)
General Methods
427(1)
Experiment 1
428(5)
Experiment 2
433(3)
Experiment 3
436(1)
General Discussion
437(2)
References
439(2)
24 Stimulus Selection and Conditional Response Mechanisms in the Basal Ganglia of the Monkey
441(16)
Robert H. Wurtz
Abstract
441(1)
Introduction
441(1)
Stimulus-Selection Mechanisms
442(7)
Conditional Response Mechanisms
449(4)
Conclusion
453(1)
References
454(3)
25 Attention and Coding Effects in S-R Compatibility Due to Irrelevant Spatial Cues
457(18)
Carlo Umilta
Roberto Nicoletti
Abstract
457(1)
Introduction
458(2)
Experiment 1
460(2)
Experiment 2
462(1)
Experiment 3
463(3)
Experiment 4
466(2)
General Discussion
468(2)
References
470(5)
PART VII DIVIDING AND SUSTAINING ATTENTION
26 Toward a Model of Attention and the Development of Automatic Processing
475(18)
Walter Schneider
Abstract
475(1)
Introduction
475(1)
Model Overview
476(2)
Structure of the Model
478(1)
Category-Search Procedure
479(11)
Summary
490(1)
References
491(2)
27 Sustained Attention: A Multifactorial Approach
493(20)
Raja Parasuraman
Abstract
493(1)
Introduction
493(1)
Taxonomy of Vigilance
494(2)
Experiment 1 Habituation of ERPs and Vigilance Decrement
496(4)
Experiment 2 Tonic Arousal, Time of Day, and Vigilance: The Effects of Memory Load
500(2)
Experiment 3 Probing Sustained Attention Capacity
502(3)
A Multifactor Model of Sustained Attention
505(3)
References
508(5)
28 Discrete and Continuous Models of Divided Attention
513(16)
Jeff Miller
Abstract
513(1)
Introduction
513(2)
Experiment 1
515(7)
Experiment 2
522(3)
General Discussion
525(2)
References
527(2)
29 Word Load and Visual Hemifield Shape Recognition: Priming and Interference Effects
529(18)
Marcel Kinsbourne
Mark Byrd
Abstract
529(1)
Introduction
529(4)
Method
533(1)
Results
534(3)
Discussion
537(5)
References
542(5)
PART VIII ATTENTION TO SYMBOLS AND WORDS
30 The Perceptual Record: A Common Factor in Repetition Priming and Attribute Retention?
547(20)
Kim Kirsner
John Dunn
Abstract
547(1)
Introduction
547(3)
A Model of Perceptual Analysis
550(2)
Attribute Retention
552(2)
Two Forms of Memory
554(1)
Experiment
554(5)
Discussion
559(3)
Appendix
562(1)
References
563(4)
31 Dissociable Domains of Selective Processing
567(18)
William A. Johnston
Veronica J. Dark
Abstract
567(1)
Introduction
567(5)
Method
572(4)
Results
576(3)
Discussion
579(3)
References
582(3)
32 Is Semantic Priming Automatic?
585(16)
James E. Hoffman
Frank W. MacMillan
Abstract
585(1)
Introduction
585(2)
Experiment 1
587(3)
Experiment 2
590(4)
Experiment 3
594(2)
Final Discussion
596(2)
References
598(3)
33 Necessary Conditions for Repeated-Letter Inferiority: The Role of Positional Uncertainty
601(12)
Gideon Keren
Louis C. Boer
Abstract
601(1)
Introduction
601(5)
Experiment 1
606(3)
Experiment 2
609(1)
General Discussion
610(2)
References
612(1)
34 Precueing of Alternatives on the Identification of Letters in Masked Words: An Attentional-Explanatory Hypothesis
613(18)
Daniel Holender
Abstract
613(1)
Introduction
613(5)
Experiments 1, 2, and 3
618(6)
Discussion
624(4)
References
628(3)
35 Visual Selection from Multielement Displays: A Model for Partial Report
631(20)
Claus Bundesen
Hitomi Shibuya
Axel Larsen
Abstract
631(1)
Introduction
631(2)
Model
633(2)
Experiment
635(8)
Discussion
643(3)
Appendix
646(2)
References
648(3)
Author Index 651(16)
Subject Index 667
Michael I. Posner, Oscar S.M. Marin