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viii | |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xi | |
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1 Language endangerment, language revitalisation and language policy |
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1 | (28) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Language endangerment |
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3 | (8) |
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1.2.1 Counting and defining languages |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2.2 Development of the academic field |
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5 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Community responses |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.4 Terminology and its implications |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3 Common themes and discourses about endangered languages |
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11 | (13) |
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1.4 Language endangerment and language policy |
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24 | (5) |
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2 Small islands on the periphery of Britain |
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29 | (31) |
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2.1 Socioeconomic, political and cultural background |
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29 | (13) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (16) |
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2.2.1 Islands of migration |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (4) |
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2.2.3 Language documentation |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (2) |
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3 Researching language attitudes and ideologies |
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60 | (21) |
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3.1 Attitudes and ideologies |
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60 | (9) |
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65 | (4) |
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3.2 Investigating language attitudes and ideologies |
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69 | (8) |
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3.2.1 Positionality: the myth of impartiality and the `researcher's paradox' |
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72 | (3) |
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75 | (2) |
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3.3 Language and identity |
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77 | (2) |
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3.4 Conclusion: linguistic practices, perceptions and ideologies |
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79 | (2) |
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4 Local language practices on a small island in the twenty-first century |
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81 | (24) |
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81 | (12) |
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4.1.1 Who uses local language: when, where, how, and why? |
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81 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Language domains for maintenance and revitalisation |
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83 | (2) |
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4.1.3 Language-for-performance |
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85 | (4) |
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4.1.4 Endangered languages in new domains |
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89 | (2) |
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4.1.5 Language and humour |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (2) |
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4.4 New speakers for old? |
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97 | (2) |
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4.5 Writing and reading in an endangered language |
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99 | (5) |
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104 | (1) |
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5 Language attitudes, ideologies and identity on a small island |
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105 | (35) |
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5.1 Traditional attitudes towards indigenous vernaculars |
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105 | (3) |
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5.2 Language attitudes in the twenty-first century |
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108 | (10) |
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5.2.1 The old and the young |
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113 | (4) |
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5.2.2 Attitudes and ideologies: covert and overt beliefs |
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117 | (1) |
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5.3 Language and identity |
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118 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Identity, symbolic ethnicity and language maintenance |
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118 | (4) |
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5.3.2 Distinctiveness or inclusive identity through language? |
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122 | (3) |
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5.4 Authenticity and purism |
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125 | (14) |
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126 | (7) |
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5.4.2 Nostalgia: a language of the past |
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133 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Purism and correctness |
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134 | (2) |
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5.4.4 Language ownership and legitimacy |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (1) |
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6 Language planning and policy: bottom-up and top-down |
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140 | (48) |
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6.1 Language policy and planning for small endangered languages |
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140 | (5) |
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6.1.1 Background and trends |
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140 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Policy-making at different levels |
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142 | (3) |
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6.2 Voluntary groups and grass-roots support |
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145 | (2) |
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6.3 Official support for endangered languages |
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147 | (16) |
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6.3.1 Official support in islands round the British Isles |
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149 | (4) |
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6.3.2 Official language status |
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153 | (3) |
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6.3.3 Political commitment and funding |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (7) |
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166 | (4) |
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6.5 Standardisation and spelling |
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170 | (9) |
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6.5.1 Terminology development |
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177 | (2) |
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6.6 Language in education |
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179 | (6) |
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6.7 Language in the community |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (33) |
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188 | (2) |
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7.1.1 From beliefs and attitudes to action |
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190 | (1) |
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7.2 Language: `a link to the past, a bridge to the future'? |
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190 | (5) |
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7.3 Is language policy about language? |
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195 | (8) |
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7.3.1 Identity and ideology in language policy and implementation |
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197 | (5) |
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7.3.2 Policy about language in small communities |
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202 | (1) |
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7.4 What makes a language policy effective? |
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203 | (16) |
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7.4.1 Language documentation and language survival |
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210 | (3) |
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7.4.2 Cross-fertilisation: learning from others |
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213 | (2) |
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7.4.3 What does `saving a language' mean? |
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215 | (2) |
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7.4.4 Language revitalisation: an `all or nothing' venture? |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (2) |
Notes |
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221 | (9) |
References |
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230 | (31) |
Index |
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261 | |