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Chapter 1 Service Information, Tools, and Safety |
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1 | (39) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (4) |
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9 | (11) |
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20 | (1) |
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Tool Sets and Accessories |
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21 | (1) |
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Electrical Work Hand Tools |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Air and Electrically Operated Tools |
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23 | (2) |
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Personal Protective Equipment |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Safety In Lifting (Hoisting) A Vehicle |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Jump Starting and Battery Safety |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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First Aid and Eye Wash Stations |
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34 | (1) |
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Hybrid Electric Vehicle Safety Issues |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 ENvironmental and Hazardous Materials |
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40 | (13) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Battery Handling and Storage |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Air-Conditioning Refrigerant Oil Disposal |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Braking System Components and Performance Standards |
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53 | (9) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of Brake Systems |
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54 | (1) |
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Brake Design Requirements |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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Antilock Brake System Overview |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Brake Principles and Friction Materials |
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62 | (12) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Semimetallic Friction Materials |
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69 | (1) |
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Non-Asbestos/Ceramic Friction Materials |
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69 | (1) |
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Carbon Fiber Friction Materials |
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69 | (1) |
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Brake Pads and Environmental Concerns |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Brake Hydraulic Systems |
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74 | (19) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (4) |
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80 | (7) |
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Diagnosing Master Cylinders |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Hydraulic Valves and Switches |
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93 | (15) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Pressure-Differential Switch (Brake Warning Switch) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (5) |
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Electronic Brake Proportioning |
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101 | (1) |
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Metering Valve (Hold-Off) Operation |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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Brake Pedal Position Sensor/Switch |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Brake Fluid and Lines |
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108 | (15) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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Brake Fluid Specifications |
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109 | (4) |
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Brake Fluid Service Procedures |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (7) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Brake Bleeding Methods and Procedures |
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123 | (14) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Brake Bleeder Valve Loosening Methods |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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Brake Fluid Replacement/Flushing |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Wheel Bearings and Service |
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137 | (19) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (4) |
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Sealed Bearing Replacement |
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147 | (1) |
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Rear Drive Axle Classifications |
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148 | (1) |
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Rear Axle Bearing and Seal Replacement |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (4) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (19) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (4) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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Automatic Brake Adjusters |
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168 | (5) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 Drum Brake Diagnosis and Service |
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175 | (18) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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Inspecting the Backing Plate |
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179 | (1) |
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Drum Brake Lining Inspection |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Wheel Cylinder Inspection |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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Inspecting the Drum Brake Shoes |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Reassembling the Drum Brake |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Drum Brake Fault Symptom Guide |
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186 | (5) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (17) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (4) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (5) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Disc Brake Diagnosis and Service |
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210 | (20) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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Disc Brake Diagnostic Procedures |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Disc Brake Caliper Service |
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212 | (4) |
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Servicing Disc Brake Calipers |
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216 | (5) |
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Disc Brake Squeal Correction |
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221 | (3) |
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224 | (4) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Parking Brake Operation, Diagnosis, and Service |
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230 | (17) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Pedals, Levers, and Handles |
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231 | (3) |
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Parking Brake Warning Lamp |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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Front and Rear Entry Parking Brake Cables |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (2) |
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Caliper-Actuated Disc Parking Brakes |
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238 | (4) |
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Parking Brake Cable Adjustment |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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Chapter 15 Machining Brake Drums and Rotors |
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247 | (44) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Brake Drum and Rotor Damage |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (1) |
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"Machine To" Versus "Discard" |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (2) |
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Disc Brake Rotor Distortion |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (1) |
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Disc Brake Rotor Thickness |
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260 | (1) |
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When the Rotors Should Be Machined |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Machining a Disc Brake Rotor |
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263 | (6) |
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On-the-Vehicle Rotor Machining |
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269 | (21) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Chapter 16 Power Brake Unit Operation, Diagnosis, and Service |
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291 | (17) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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The Need for Power Brake Assist |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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Vacuum Brake Booster Operation |
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296 | (2) |
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Dual- (Tandem-) Diaphragm Vacuum Boosters |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Vacuum Booster Operation Test |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Hydraulic System Leak Test |
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299 | (1) |
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Pushrod Clearance Adjustment |
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300 | (1) |
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Vacuum Booster Disassembly and Service |
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300 | (1) |
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Hydro-Boost Hydraulic Brake Booster |
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301 | (5) |
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Hydro-Boost Symptom-Based Guide |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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Chapter 17 Abs Components and Operation |
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308 | (17) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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ABS Controller Inputs and Outputs |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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Hydraulic Modulator Assembly |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (4) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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Chapter 18 Abs Diagnosis and Service |
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325 | (42) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (2) |
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Retrieving ABS Codes Prior To 1996 |
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328 | (1) |
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ABS Diagnosis, OBD-II Equipped Vehicles |
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328 | (5) |
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Wheel Speed Sensor Diagnosis |
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333 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (29) |
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367 | (28) |
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368 | (3) |
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371 | (1) |
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High-Flotation Tire Sizes |
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372 | (1) |
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Load Index and Equivalent Loads |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (3) |
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Tire Pressure and Traction |
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376 | (1) |
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Tire Conicity and Ply Steer |
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376 | (1) |
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Vehicle Handling and Tire Slip Angle |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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Uniform Tire Quality Grading System |
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378 | (1) |
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All-Season Tire Designation |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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General Motors TPC Rating |
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382 | (1) |
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Tire Selection Considerations |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (4) |
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388 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (4) |
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393 | (1) |
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393 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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Chapter 20 Tire-Pressure Monitoring Systems |
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395 | |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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Need for Tire Pressure Monitoring |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (2) |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (2) |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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Sensor Replacement Options |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (2) |
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TPMS Sensor Service Tools |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | |
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ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL SYSTEMS |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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The Need for Electronic Stability Control |
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340 | (1) |
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Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 126 |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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Names of Various ESC Systems |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (2) |
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Chapter 21 Regenerative Braking Systems |
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350 | (13) |
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350 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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Principles of Regenerative Braking |
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351 | (2) |
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Types of Regenerative Braking Systems |
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353 | (1) |
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Battery Charging During Regeneration |
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354 | (1) |
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Regenerative Braking Systems |
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355 | (2) |
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How the Regeneration System Works |
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357 | (2) |
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359 | (1) |
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Engine Design Changes Related to Regenerative Braking |
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359 | (1) |
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Servicing Regenerative Braking Systems |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (2) |
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Chapter 22 Tires and Wheels |
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363 | (103) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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364 | (102) |
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466 | (2) |
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466 | (1) |
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466 | (2) |
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Chapter 25 Front Suspension and Service |
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468 | (33) |
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468 | (1) |
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468 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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Short/Long-Arm Suspensions |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (2) |
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Servicing the Suspension System |
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474 | (2) |
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476 | (1) |
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Dry Park Test (Suspension) |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (5) |
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Kingpin Diagnosis and Service |
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483 | (2) |
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Shock Absorbers and Struts |
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485 | (1) |
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MacPherson Strut Replacement |
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486 | (3) |
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Stabilizer Bar Links and Bushings |
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489 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (3) |
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493 | (1) |
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493 | (1) |
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494 | (5) |
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499 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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499 | (2) |
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Chapter 26 Rear Suspension and Service |
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501 | |
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501 | (1) |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (1) |
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Leaf Spring Rear Suspensions |
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503 | (1) |
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Trailing Arm Rear Suspensions |
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504 | (1) |
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Semi-Trailing Arm Rear Suspensions |
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505 | (1) |
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Independent Rear Suspensions |
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505 | (2) |
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Semi-Independent Rear Suspensions |
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507 | (1) |
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508 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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Wheel Removal/Installation |
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415 | (3) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (2) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (3) |
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427 | (2) |
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429 | (7) |
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436 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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Chapter 24 Suspension System Components and Operation |
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437 | (77) |
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437 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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438 | (2) |
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440 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (4) |
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446 | (2) |
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448 | (2) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (2) |
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455 | (1) |
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455 | (3) |
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458 | (5) |
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463 | (1) |
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464 | (48) |
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512 | (1) |
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512 | (1) |
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513 | (1) |
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Chapter 27 Electronic Suspension Systems |
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514 | (20) |
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514 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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The Need for Electronic Suspensions |
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515 | (1) |
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Electronic Suspension Controls and Sensors |
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515 | (6) |
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Electronic Suspension System Actuators |
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521 | (2) |
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Types of Electronic Suspension |
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523 | (6) |
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Automatic Level Control (ALC) |
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529 | (2) |
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Magneto-Rheological (MR) Suspension |
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531 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting Rear Electronic Leveling Systems |
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532 | (1) |
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532 | (1) |
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533 | (1) |
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533 | (1) |
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Chapter 28 Steering Columns and Gears |
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534 | (20) |
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534 | (1) |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
536 | (6) |
|
Conventional Steering Gears |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
Recirculating Ball Steering Gear |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
Steering Gear Adjustments |
|
|
544 | (4) |
|
Rack-and-Pinion Steering Gear |
|
|
548 | (3) |
|
Rack-and-Pinion Adjustments |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
Chapter 29 Steering Linkage and Service |
|
|
554 | (22) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
Rack-and-Pinion Inner Tie Rod Ends |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Front Steer Versus Rear Steer |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Four-Wheel Steering Systems |
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
Steering Linkage Lubrication |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (2) |
|
Steering Linkage Replacement |
|
|
567 | (7) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
574 | (2) |
|
Chapter 30 Hydraulic Power Steering Systems |
|
|
576 | (28) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Hydraulic Power Steering Systems |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Power Steering Pump and Reservoir |
|
|
578 | (4) |
|
|
582 | (6) |
|
|
588 | (3) |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
592 | (10) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
Chapter 31 Electric Power Steering Systems |
|
|
604 | (50) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Electric Power Steering Overview |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
EPS System Parts And Operation |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Steering Shaft Torque Sensor |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Steering Wheel Position Sensor |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
Power Steering Control Module (PSCM) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (43) |
|
Chapter 32 Turning Radius (Toe-Out on Turns) |
|
|
654 | (5) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Chapter 35 Alignment Diagnosis and Service |
|
|
659 | |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
Prealignment Correction Techniques |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (2) |
|
|
665 | (2) |
|
Alignment Setup Procedures |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
Measuring Camber, Caster, SAI, Toe, and TOOT |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Specifications Versus Alignment Readings |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
Checking for Bent Struts, Spindles, or Control Arms |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
Checking Frame Alignment of Front-Wheel-Drive Vehicles |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (2) |
|
Sample Alignment Specifications and Readings |
|
|
673 | (2) |
|
|
675 | (3) |
|
Guidelines for Adjusting Front Camber/SAI and Included Angle |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Front Camber/Caster Adjustment Methods |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
Adjusting Front Camber/Caster |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (3) |
|
Centering the Steering Wheel |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
Tolerance Adjustment Procedure |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
Aftermarket Alignment Methods |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
Aligning Electronic-Suspension Vehicles |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Aligning Modified Vehicles |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Hidden Structural Damage Diagnosis |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Reset Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
690 | |
|
DRIVE SHAFTS AND CV JOINTS |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
613 | (2) |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
U-Joint Design and Operation |
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
|
617 | (5) |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
622 | (2) |
|
Chapter 33 Drive Shaft and Cv Joint Service |
|
|
624 | (15) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Driveshaft and U-Joint Inspection |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
|
627 | (2) |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Replacement Shaft Assemblies |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
631 | (7) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Chapter 34 Wheel Alignment Principles |
|
|
639 | (20) |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
Definition of a Wheel Alignment |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
Alignment-Related Problems |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
641 | (3) |
|
|
644 | (3) |
|
|
647 | (3) |
|
Steering Axis Inclination |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
Turning Radius(Toe-Out on Turns) |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
Chapter 36 Alignment Diagnosis and Service |
|
|
659 | (37) |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
Prealignment Correction Techniques |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (2) |
|
|
665 | (2) |
|
Alignment Setup Procedures |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
Measuring Camber, Caster, SAI, Toe, and TOOT |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Specifications Versues Alignment Readings |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
Checking for Bent Struts, Spindles, or Control Arms |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
Checking Frame Alignment of Front-Wheel-Drive Vehicles |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
671 | (2) |
|
Sample Alignment Specifications and Readings |
|
|
673 | (2) |
|
|
675 | (3) |
|
Guidelines for Adjusting Front Camber/SAI and Include Angle |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
Front Camber/Caster Adjusment Methods |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
Adjusting Front Camber/Caster |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (3) |
|
Centering the Steering Wheel |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
Tolerance Adjustment Procedure |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
Aftermarket Alignment Methods |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
Aligning Electronic-Suspension Vehicles |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Aligning Modified Vehicles |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
Hidden Structural Damage Diagnosis |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
Reset Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (4) |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
694 | (2) |
Appendix 1 Sample Brakes (A5) Ase-Type Certification Test with Answers |
|
696 | (4) |
Appendix 2 Sample Suspension and Steering (A4) Ase-Type Certification Test |
|
700 | (4) |
Appendix 3 2013 Natef Correlation Chart (A4) |
|
704 | (3) |
Appendix 4 2013 Natef Correlation Chart |
|
707 | (3) |
Glossary |
|
710 | (13) |
Index |
|
723 | |