Conventions used in the book |
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11 | (2) |
Acknowledgements |
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13 | (2) |
Prefaces |
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15 | (4) |
1 Introduction |
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19 | (8) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.2 Relevance of autonomy to the research context |
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20 | (1) |
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1.3 Significance of the study |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
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1.5 Organization of the book |
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25 | (2) |
2 Literature Review |
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27 | (52) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2 Autonomy in second/foreign language education |
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28 | (26) |
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28 | (7) |
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2.2.2 "Learner readiness" for autonomy and factors influencing autonomy |
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35 | (8) |
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43 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Transition from learner to teacher autonomy |
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46 | (8) |
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54 | (8) |
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2.3.1 Dictionary definition |
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55 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Defining agency in and beyond language education |
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56 | (3) |
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2.3.3 What agency means in the current study |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (7) |
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62 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Identity research in the second language context |
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64 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Self-identity construction in the foreign language context |
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66 | (3) |
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2.5 Relationships of agency, identity and autonomy in language education |
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69 | (4) |
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2.5.1 Autonomy and identity entailing agency |
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70 | (1) |
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2.5.2 The navigating role of identity for autonomy |
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71 | (2) |
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2.6 Why agency and identity? |
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73 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Boundaries between agency and autonomy |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (3) |
3 Context and methodology |
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79 | (44) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (17) |
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80 | (10) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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3.2.5 The four-year BA TEFL curriculum |
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93 | (3) |
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3.3 Interpretative qualitative research |
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96 | (3) |
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3.4 Researcher position, site entry and ethics |
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99 | (3) |
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3.5 Research credibility, reliability and validity |
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102 | (4) |
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3.6 Data collection and analysis |
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106 | (17) |
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3.6.1 Methods and data sources |
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107 | (7) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (4) |
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120 | (3) |
4 Learner experiences and agendas: outlining pathways towards autonomy |
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123 | (44) |
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123 | (1) |
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4.2 The first year in university: Loss, confusion, and puzzlement |
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124 | (7) |
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4.3 The second year in university: The unforgettable TEM-4 |
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131 | (6) |
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4.4 The third and fourth years in university: Making life choices |
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137 | (8) |
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4.5 The fourth year in university: Struggling through competing priorities |
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145 | (11) |
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4.6 Chapter summary and conclusion |
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156 | (11) |
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4.6.1 Students' experiences and concerns over the four years |
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156 | (3) |
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4.6.2 Dominant themes in EFL and TEFL learning |
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159 | (6) |
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4.6.3 Conclusion: Autonomy development over time |
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165 | (2) |
5 Learner Perspectives on teacher-student role relationships |
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167 | (48) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (21) |
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169 | (5) |
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5.2.2 "Teacher in class, but friend after class" |
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174 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Pressure expected from the teacher |
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177 | (3) |
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5.2.4 Teachers' specific, definite guidance and timely help |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (3) |
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5.2.6 "University teachers leave the classroom immediately after class!" |
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184 | (3) |
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5.2.7 Summary and discussion |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (13) |
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5.3.1 Insights from 2002-cohort autobiographies |
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190 | (6) |
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5.3.2 Insights from 2003-cohort learning accounts |
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196 | (4) |
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5.3.3 Summary and discussion |
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200 | (2) |
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5.4 First-year students' views and attitudes towards teacher and learner roles |
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202 | (8) |
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5.4.1 Pressure and structure expected from the teacher |
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202 | (2) |
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5.4.2 "University teachers leave the classroom immediately after class" |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (3) |
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5.4.4 The "self' role: Self-study, self-dependence, and self-initiation |
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208 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Summary and discussion |
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209 | (1) |
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5.5 Chapter summary and conclusion |
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210 | (5) |
6 Learner perspectives on the university learning environment |
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215 | (38) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (15) |
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6.2.1 Teachers' behaviours and their work attitudes |
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217 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Professional competence and poor teaching |
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220 | (3) |
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6.2.3 Foreign teachers: "Some are here for fun!" |
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223 | (3) |
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6.2.4 Counter perspectives |
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226 | (4) |
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6.2.5 Summary and discussion |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (5) |
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6.4 Teaching administration |
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237 | (13) |
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6.4.1 Curriculum planning and implementation |
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237 | (5) |
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6.4.2 Authoritarian, non-negotiable and undemocratic administration |
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242 | (4) |
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6.4.3 Unfair practice in teacher resources management |
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246 | (2) |
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6.4.4 Summary and discussion |
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248 | (2) |
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6.5 Chapter summary and conclusion |
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250 | (3) |
7 TEFL learning: Stories of student teachers' autonomous development |
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253 | (46) |
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253 | (1) |
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7.2 EFL and TEFL learning in relation to prospective teacher identity |
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254 | (5) |
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7.3 Extracurricular teaching-learning prior to teaching practicum (TP) |
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259 | (6) |
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7.4 Personalized teaching in TP |
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265 | (12) |
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265 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Teacher-pupil role relationships |
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267 | (4) |
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7.4.3 Goals, theories and approaches |
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271 | (5) |
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7.4.4 Summary and discussion |
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276 | (1) |
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7.5 Achievement, satisfaction, responsibility, confidence and authority in TP |
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277 | (7) |
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7.5.1 Meaningful, unforgettable TP |
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277 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Achievements and enhanced confidence and sense of authority |
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278 | (3) |
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7.5.3 Career orientation after TP: Promoted willingness to become a teacher |
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281 | (3) |
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7.5.4 Summary and discussion |
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284 | (1) |
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7.6 Impact of previous EFL educational experiences on teaching |
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284 | (6) |
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7.6.1 Previous learning pathways and experiences of being taught |
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285 | (2) |
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7.6.2 Efforts to avoid bad teaching and the resulting tension |
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287 | (3) |
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7.6.3 Summary and discussion |
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290 | (1) |
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7.7 Chapter summary and conclusion |
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290 | (9) |
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7.7.1 Extracurricular and curriculum-based teaching-learning |
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291 | (2) |
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7.7.2 Interaction between EFL learning and TEFL learning |
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293 | (1) |
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7.7.3 Bringing together concepts: Autonomy, identity, and agency |
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294 | (3) |
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297 | (2) |
8 Overall discussion |
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299 | (34) |
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299 | (2) |
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8.2 Contextual, socio-psychological influences and learner readiness |
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301 | (11) |
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8.2.1 Bringing together factors influencing autonomy |
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301 | (5) |
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8.2.2 Learner readiness vs. teacher and institutional readiness for autonomy |
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306 | (4) |
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8.2.3 Summary: Autonomy and context |
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310 | (2) |
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8.3 Long-term development of autonomy: Characteristics and emerging insights |
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312 | (13) |
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8.3.1 Shared characteristics |
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314 | (4) |
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8.3.2 Emerging insights and theoretical assumptions |
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318 | (7) |
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8.4 Relationships among agency, identity and autonomy |
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325 | (5) |
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330 | (3) |
9 Contributions, recommendations and conclusions |
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333 | (16) |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (4) |
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9.2.1 An explanatory framework for the long-term development of autonomy |
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333 | (2) |
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9.2.2 The role of identity and agency in the long-term development of autonomy |
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335 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Control as a key construct in understanding autonomy in the long term |
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336 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Learner perspectives |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (3) |
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9.4 Directions for future research |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (5) |
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346 | (3) |
References |
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349 | (22) |
Appendices |
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371 | (28) |
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Appendix 1 Interviews in Fieldwork Trips (FTs) 1-5 |
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371 | (11) |
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FT 3: 19 June-8 July 2006 |
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374 | (4) |
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FT 4: 23 December 2006-2 January 2007 |
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378 | (2) |
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FT 5: 4 June-16 July 2007 |
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380 | (2) |
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Appendix 2 Interview guides, prompts and notes |
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382 | (10) |
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Appendix 2a Piloting interviews with students and teachers |
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382 | (5) |
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Appendix 2b Interviews with 2005-cohort, first-year students |
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387 | (1) |
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Appendix 2c BAGP interviews with 2002-cohort, fourth-year students |
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388 | (1) |
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Appendix 2d "Leave-university" interviews with 2002-cohort, fourth-year students |
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389 | (2) |
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Appendix 2e Interviews with 2003-cohort, third-year students |
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391 | (1) |
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Appendix 3 Data related to the four sub-groups of research participants |
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392 | (7) |
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Data related to 2002-cohort, fourth-year students |
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392 | (2) |
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Data related to 2003-cohort students (throughout third and fourth years) |
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394 | (1) |
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Data related to 2005-cohort, first-year students |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (3) |
Index |
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399 | |