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Aviation Weather Handbook (2025): Faa-H-8083-28 [Pehme köide]

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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 552 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 262x218x46 mm, kaal: 1179 g, Illustrations
  • Sari: Asa FAA Handbook
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Feb-2023
  • Kirjastus: Aviation Supplies & Academics
  • ISBN-10: 1644252961
  • ISBN-13: 9781644252963
Teised raamatud teemal:
Aviation Weather Handbook (2025): Faa-H-8083-28Suurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 552 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 262x218x46 mm, kaal: 1179 g, Illustrations
  • Sari: Asa FAA Handbook
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Feb-2023
  • Kirjastus: Aviation Supplies & Academics
  • ISBN-10: 1644252961
  • ISBN-13: 9781644252963
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781644252963.html
Märksõnad:
Preface iii
Acknowledgements iv
Notice v
Table of Contents
vi
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(1)
Part 1 Overview of the United States Aviation Weather Service Program and Information
Chapter 2 Aviation Weather Service Program
1(1)
2.1 Introduction
1(1)
2.2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
2(2)
2.2.1 National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)
2(1)
2.2.2 National Weather Service (NWS)
2(2)
2.3 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
4(1)
2.3.1 Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center (ATCSCC)
4(1)
2.3.2 Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)
5(1)
2.3.3 Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) and Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON)
5(1)
2.3.4 Flight Service
5(1)
2.4 Department of Defense (DOD)
5(1)
2.5 Commercial Weather Information Providers
5
Chapter 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information
1(1)
3.1 Introduction
1(1)
3.2 Use of Aviation Weather Information
2(1)
3.2.1 Product Latency
2(1)
3.2.2 Additional Use Information
2(1)
3.3 Obtaining Weather Information
2(5)
3.3.1 Weather Briefings
2(2)
3.3.2 Telephone
4(1)
3.3.3 Self-Briefing
5(1)
3.3.4 In-Flight Updates
6(1)
3.4 Overview of Aviation Weather Products
7(1)
3.4.1 Weather Products versus Weather Elements and Phenomena
7(6)
3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products
Part 2 Weather Theory and Aviation Hazards
Chapter 4 The Earth's Atmosphere
1(1)
4.1 Introduction
1(1)
4.2 Composition
2(1)
4.2.1 Air Parcel
3(1)
4.3 Vertical Structure
3(2)
4.3.1 Troposphere
3(1)
4.3.2 Stratosphere
3(1)
4.3.3 Mesosphere
4(1)
4.3.4 Thermosphere
4(1)
4.3.5 Exosphere
4(1)
4.4 The Standard Atmosphere
5
Chapter 5 Heat and Temperature
1(1)
5.1 Introduction
1(1)
5.2 Matter
2(1)
5.3 Energy
2(1)
5.4 Heat
2(1)
5.5 Temperature
2(2)
5.5.1 Temperature Measurement
2(1)
5.5.2 Temperature Scales
2(2)
5.6 Heat Transfer
4(4)
5.6.1 Radiation
4(2)
5.6.2 Condition
6(1)
5.6.3 Convection
7(1)
5.7 Thermal Response
8(3)
5.8 Temperature Variations with Altitude
11(1)
5.8.1 Atmospheric Sounding
11(1)
5.8.2 Isothermal Layer
11(1)
5.8.3 Temperature Inversion
12
Chapter 6 Water Vapor
1(1)
6.1 Introduction
1(1)
6.2 The Hydrologic Cycle
2(1)
6.2.1 Evaporation
2(1)
6.2.2 Transpiration
2(1)
6.2.3 Sublimation
2(1)
6.2.4 Deposition
3(1)
6.2.5 Condensation
3(1)
6.2.6 Transportation
3(1)
6.2.7 Precipitation
3(1)
6.2.8 Runoff
3(1)
6.2.9 Infiltration
3(1)
6.2.10 Groundwater Flow
3(1)
6.2.11 Plant Uptake
3(1)
6.3 Saturation
3(1)
6.4 Relative Humidity
4(1)
6.5 Dewpoint
4(1)
6.6 Temperature-Dewpoint Spread (Dewpoint Depression)
4(1)
6.7 Change of Phase
5(1)
6.7.1 Latent Heat
6
Chapter 7 Earth-Atmosphere Heat Imbalances
1(1)
7.1 Introduction
1(1)
7.2 The Earth-Atmosphere Energy Balance
2(1)
7.3 Heat Imbalances Between Earth's Surface and the Atmosphere
3(2)
7.3.1 Sensible Heating
3(1)
7.3.2 Latent Heat
4(1)
7.4 Heat Imbalance Variations with Latitude
5(1)
7.5 Seasons
6(1)
7.6 Diurnal Temperature Variation
7
Chapter 8 Atmospheric Pressure and Altimetry
1(1)
8.1 Introduction
1(1)
8.2 Atmospheric Pressure
2(4)
8.2.1 Barometer
2(1)
8.2.2 Atmospheric Pressure Units
3(1)
8.2.3 Station Pressure
3(1)
8.2.4 Pressure Variation
4(2)
8.2.5 Sea Level Pressure
6(1)
8.3 Density
6(4)
8.3.1 Volume's Effects on Density
7(1)
8.3.2 Changes in Density
8(1)
8.3.3 Density's Effects on Pressure
8(1)
8.3.4 Temperature's Effects on Density
9(1)
8.3.5 Water Vapor's Effects on Density
9(1)
8.4 Altimetry
10(1)
8.4.1 Altitude
10
Chapter 9 Global Circulations and Jet Streams
1(1)
9.1 Introduction
1(1)
9.2 Non-Rotating Earth Circulation System
2(1)
9.3 Rotating Earth Circulation System
2(1)
9.4 Jet Streams
3(1)
9.4.1 Direction of Wind Flow
3(1)
9.4.2 Location
4
Chapter 10 Wind
1(1)
10.1 Introduction
1(1)
10.2 Naming of the Wind
2(1)
10.3 Forces That Affect the Wind
2(4)
10.3.1 Pressure Gradient Force (PGF)
2(1)
10.3.2 Coriolis Force
3(2)
10.3.3 Friction Force
5(1)
10.4 Upper Air Wind
6(1)
10.5 Surface Wind
7(1)
10.6 Local Winds
8(8)
10.6.1 Sea Breeze
9(2)
10.6.2 Land Breeze
11(1)
10.6.3 Lake Breeze
12(2)
10.6.4 Valley Breeze
14(1)
10.6.5 Mountain-Plains Wind System
14(1)
10.6.6 Mountain Breeze
15(1)
10.7 Adverse Winds
16(1)
10.7.1 Crosswind
16(1)
10.7.2 Gust
17(1)
10.7.3 Tailwind
17(1)
10.7.4 Variable Wind/Sudden Wind Shift
18(1)
10.7.5 Wind Shear
18(1)
10.7.6 Adverse Mountain Winds
18(1)
10.7.7 Atmospheric Disturbances in Mountainous Areas
18
Chapter 11 Air Masses, Fronts, and the Wave Cyclone Model
1(1)
11.1 Introduction
1(1)
11.2 Air Masses
2(2)
11.2.1 Air Mass Classification
2(1)
11.2.2 Air Mass Modification
3(1)
11.3 Fronts
4(5)
11.3.1 Warm Front
5(1)
11.3.2 Cold Front
6(1)
11.3.3 Stationary Front
7(1)
11.3.4 Occluded Front
8(1)
11.4 The Wave Cyclone Model
9(2)
11.5 Dryline
11
Chapter 12 Vertical Motion and Clouds
1(1)
12.1 Introduction
1(1)
12.2 Vertical Motion Effects on an Unsaturated Air Parcel
2(1)
12.3 Vertical Motion Effects on a Saturated Air Parcel
3(2)
12.4 Common Sources of Vertical Motion
5(3)
12.4.1 Orographic Effects
5(1)
12.4.2 Frictional Effects
6(1)
12.4.3 Frontal Lift
7(1)
12.4.4 Buoyancy
7(1)
12.5 Cloud Forms
8(1)
12.6 Cloud Levels
8
Chapter 13 Atmospheric Stability
1(1)
13.1 Introduction
1(1)
13.2 Using a Parcel as a Tool to Evaluate Stability
2(1)
13.3 Stability Types
2(6)
13.3.1 Absolute Stability
2(1)
13.3.2 Neutral Stability
3(1)
13.3.3 Absolute Instability
4(1)
13.3.4 Conditional Instability
5(1)
13.3.5 Summary of Stability Types
6(2)
13.4 Processes That Change Atmospheric Stability
8(2)
13.4.1 Wind Effects on Stability
8(1)
13.4.2 Vertical Air Motion Effects on Stability
8(1)
13.4.3 Diurnal Temperature Variation Effects on Stability
9(1)
13.5 Measurements of Stability
10(1)
13.5.1 Lifted Index (LI)
10(1)
13.5.2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE)
11(1)
13.6 Summary
11
Chapter 14 Precipitation
1(1)
14.1 Introduction
1(1)
14.2 Necessary Ingredients for Formation
2(1)
14.3 Growth Process
2(1)
14.4 Precipitation Types
3(1)
14.4.1 Snow
3(1)
14.4.2 Ice Pellets
4(1)
14.4.3 Freezing Rain
4(1)
14.4.4 Rain
5(1)
14.4.5 Hail
5
Chapter 15 Weather Radar
1(1)
15.1 Introduction
1(1)
15.2 Principles of Weather Radar
2(1)
15.2.1 Antenna
2(1)
15.2.2 Backscattered Energy
2(1)
15.2.3 Power Output
3(1)
15.2.4 Wavelengths
3(1)
15.2.5 Attenuation
4(1)
15.2.6 Resolution
5(2)
15.2.7 Wave Propagation
7(3)
15.2.8 Radar Beam Overshooting and Undershooting
10(1)
15.2.9 Beam Blockage
11(1)
15.2.10 Ground Clutter
11(1)
15.2.11 Ghost
12(1)
15.2.12 Angels
13(1)
15.2.13 Anomalous Propagation (AP)
14(1)
15.2.14 Other Nonmeteorological Phenomena
15(1)
15.2.15 Precipitation
16
Chapter 16 Mountain Weather
1(1)
16.1 Introduction
1(1)
16.2 Mountain Waves and Adverse Winds
2(14)
16.2.1 Gravity Waves
2(1)
16.2.2 Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) Waves
3(2)
16.2.3 Vertically Propagating Mountain Waves
5(3)
16.2.4 Trapped Lee Waves
8(2)
16.2.5 Persistent Horizontal Roll Vortices (Rotors)
10(1)
16.2.6 Smaller-Scale Hazards
11(3)
16.2.7 Visual Indicators of Orographic Wind Fields
14(2)
16.3 Mountain/Valley Breezes and Circulation
16(1)
16.4 Mountain/Valley Fog
16(1)
16.5 Upslope Fog
16(1)
16.6 Mountain Obscuration
16(1)
16.7 Mountain Turbulence
16(1)
16.8 Mountain Icing
16(1)
16.9 Density Altitude
16
Chapter 17 Tropical Weather
1(1)
17.1 Introduction
1(1)
17.2 Circulation
2(5)
17.2.1 Subtropical High-Pressure Belts
2(2)
17.2.2 Trade Wind Belts
4(1)
17.2.3 Continental Weather
4(1)
17.2.4 Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
5(1)
17.2.5 Monsoon
5(2)
17.3 Transitory Systems
7(1)
17.3.1 Remnants of Polar Fronts and Shear Lines
7(1)
17.3.2 Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough (TUTT)
7(1)
17.3.3 Tropical Wave
8(1)
17.3.4 West African Disturbance Line (WADL)
9(1)
17.3.5 Tropical Cyclones
10
Chapter 18 Weather and Obstructions to Visibility
1(1)
18.1 Introduction
1(11)
18.1.1 Fog
2(7)
18.1.2 Mist
9(1)
18.1.3 Haze
9(1)
18.1.4 Smoke
9(1)
18.1.5 Precipitation
9(1)
18.1.6 Blowing Snow
10(1)
18.1.7 Dust Storm
10(1)
18.1.8 Sandstorm
10(1)
18.1.9 Volcanic Ash
11(1)
18.2 Low Ceiling and Mountain Obscuration
12(1)
18.2.1 Low Ceiling
12(1)
18.2.2 Mountain Obscuration
12
Chapter 19 Turbulence
1(1)
19.1 Introduction
1(1)
19.2 Causes of Turbulence
2(1)
19.2.1 Convective Turbulence
2(2)
19.2.2 Mechanical Turbulence
4(1)
19.2.3 Wind Shear Turbulence
5(2)
19.2.4 Wind Shear
7(2)
19.2.5 The Effects of Orographic Winds and Turbulence on Aviation Operations
9
Chapter 20 Icing
1(1)
20.1 Introduction
1(1)
20.2 Supercooled Water
2(1)
20.3 Structural Icing
2(5)
20.3.1 Rime Icing
2(1)
20.3.2 Clear Icing
2(1)
20.3.3 Mixed Icing
3(1)
20.3.4 Icing Factors
3(1)
20.3.5 Icing in Stratiform Clouds
4(1)
20.3.6 Icing in Cumuliform Clouds
4(1)
20.3.7 Icing with Fronts
4(1)
20.3.8 Icing with Mountains
5(1)
20.3.9 Convective Icing
6(1)
20.3.10 Icing Hazards
6(1)
20.4 Engine Icing
7(1)
20.4.1 Carburetor Icing
7(1)
20.4.2 High Ice Water Content (HIWC)
7(1)
20.5 Additional Information
7
Chapter 21 Arctic Weather
1(1)
21.1 Introduction
1(1)
21.2 Climate, Air Masses, and Fronts
2(2)
21.2.1 Long Days and Nights
2(1)
21.2.2 Land and Water
3(1)
21.2.3 Temperature
3(1)
21.2.4 Clouds and Precipitation
3(1)
21.2.5 Wind
3(1)
21.2.6 Air Masses---Winter
3(1)
21.2.7 Air Masses---Summer
4(1)
21.2.8 Fronts
4(1)
21.3 Arctic Peculiarities
4(1)
21.3.1 Effects of Temperature Inversion
4(1)
21.3.2 Light Reflection by Snow-Covered Surfaces
4(1)
21.3.3 Light from Celestial Bodies
4(1)
21.4 Arctic Weather Hazards
4(1)
21.4.1 Fog and Ice Fog
4(1)
21.4.2 Blowing and Drifting Snow
5(1)
21.4.3 Frost
5(1)
21.4.4 Whiteout
5
Chapter 22 Thunderstorms
1(1)
22.1 Introduction
1(1)
22.2 Necessary Ingredients for Thunderstorm Cell Formation
2(1)
22.3 Thunderstorm Cell Life Cycle
2(1)
22.4 Thunderstorm Types
3(2)
22.5 Factors that Influence Thunderstorm Motion
5(1)
22.6 Thunderstorm Terminology
6(1)
22.7 Hazards
7(13)
22.7.1 Low Ceiling and Visibility
7(1)
22.7.2 Lightning
7(1)
22.7.3 Downburst and Microburst
7(12)
22.7.4 Convective Turbulence
19(1)
22.7.5 Convective Icing
19(1)
22.7.6 Hail
19(1)
22.7.7 Rapid Altimeter Changes
19(1)
22.7.8 Static Electricity
19(1)
22.7.9 Tornado
19(1)
22.7.10 Engine Water Ingestion
20(1)
22.8 Thunderstorm Avoidance
20(1)
22.8.1 Airborne Weather Avoidance Radar (Aircraft Radar)
20(1)
22.8.2 Thunderstorm Avoidance Guidance
21
Chapter 23 Space Weather
1(1)
23.1 Introduction
1(1)
23.2 The Sun---Prime Source of Space Weather
2(1)
23.3 The Sun's Energy Output and Variability
2(1)
23.4 Sunspots and the Solar Cycle
2(1)
23.5 Solar Wind
2(1)
23.6 Solar Eruptive Activity
3(1)
23.7 Geospace
3(1)
23.8 Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR)
4(1)
23.9 Geomagnetic Storms
4(1)
23.10 Solar Radiation Storms
4(1)
23.11 Ionospheric Storms
5(1)
23.12 Solar Flare Radio Blackouts
5(1)
23.13 Effects of Space Weather on Aircraft Operations
6(1)
23.13.1 Communications
6(1)
23.13.2 Navigation and GPS
6(1)
23.13.3 Radiation Exposure to Flightcrews and Passengers
6(1)
23.13.4 Radiation Effects on Avionics
6
Part 3 Technical Details Relating to Weather Products and Aviation Weather Tools
Chapter 24 Observations
1(1)
24.1 Introduction
1(1)
24.2 Surface Observations
2(1)
24.2.1 Manual Observation
2(1)
24.2.2 Automated Observation
2(1)
24.2.3 Augmented Observation
2(1)
24.2.4 Recency of Observed Elements at Automated Stations
2(1)
24.3 Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) and Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS)
2(3)
24.3.1 Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)
2(1)
24.3.2 Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS)
3(2)
24.4 Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) and Aviation Selected Special Weather Report (SPECI)
5(21)
24.4.1 Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR)
5(1)
24.4.2 Aviation Selected Special Weather Report (SPECI)
6(1)
24.4.3 MET AR/SPECI Format
7(19)
24.5 Aircraft Observations and Reports
26(10)
24.5.1 Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP)
26(7)
24.5.2 Aircraft Reports (AIREP)
33(1)
24.5.3 Volcanic Activity Reports (VAR)
34(1)
24.5.4 Turbulence Observations
35(1)
24.6 Radar Observations
36(12)
24.6.1 Weather Surveillance Radar---1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) Description
36(11)
24.6.2 Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR)
47(1)
24.7 Satellite Observations
48(6)
24.7.1 Description
48(1)
24.7.2 Imagery Types
48(6)
24.7.3 Polar Operational Environment Satellites (POES)
54(1)
24.8 Upper Air Observations
54(2)
24.8.1 Radiosonde Observations (Weather Balloon)
54(2)
24.9 Aviation Weather Cameras
56(1)
24.9.1 FAA Aviation Weather Camera Network
56(3)
24.9.2 Visibility Estimation through Image Analytics (VEIA)
59(1)
24.9.3 Visual Weather Observation System (VWOS)
60(1)
24.9.4 Issuance
60
Chapter 25 Analysis
1(1)
25.1 Introduction
1(1)
25.2 Weather Charts
2(15)
25.2.1 Weather Observation Sources
2(1)
25.2.2 Analysis
2(4)
25.2.3 Surface Analysis Chart
6(9)
25.2.4 Unified Surface Analysis Chart
15(2)
25.2.5 AAWU Surface Chart
17(1)
25.3 Upper-Air Analysis
17(5)
25.3.1 Issuance
19(1)
25.3.2 Radiosonde Observation (Weather Balloon) Analysis
19(3)
25.4 Freezing Level Analysis
22(1)
25.5 Icing Analysis (Current Icing Product (CIP))
23(2)
25.6 Turbulence (Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG)) Analysis
25(1)
25.7 Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA)
26
Chapter 26 Advisories
1(1)
26.1 Introduction
1(1)
26.2 Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET)
2(13)
26.2.1 SIGMET Issuance
2(2)
26.2.2 SIGMET Identification
4(1)
26.2.3 SIGMET Standardization
5(1)
26.2.4 Inside the CONUS
5(6)
26.2.5 Outside the CONUS
11(4)
26.3 Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET)
15(6)
26.3.1 AIRMET Issuance
16(1)
26.3.2 AIRMET Standardization
17(1)
26.3.3 AIRMET Issuance Times and Valid Periods
18(1)
26.3.4 AIRMET Formats and Examples
18(3)
26.3.5 AIRMET Updates and Amendments
21(1)
26.4 Center Weather Advisory (CWA)
21(3)
26.4.1 CWA Issuance
21(1)
26.4.2 CWA Criteria
22(1)
26.4.3 CWA Format and Example
23(1)
26.5 Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA)
24(3)
26.5.1 Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
24(3)
26.6 Aviation Tropical Cyclone Advisory (TCA)
27(2)
26.6.1 TCA Issuance
27(1)
26.6.2 TCA Content
28(1)
26.6.3 TCA Example
28(1)
26.6.4 Additional Tropical Cyclone Information Products
28(1)
26.7 Space Weather Advisory
29(5)
26.7.1 Space Weather Advisory Issuance
29(1)
26.7.2 Space Weather Advisory Format
30(3)
26.7.3 Space Weather Advisory Examples
33(1)
26.8 Low-Level Wind Shear (LLWS)/Microburst Advisories
34(1)
26.9 Airport Weather Warning (AWW)
34(1)
26.9.1 AWW Issuance
34(1)
26.9.2 AWW Format and Example
35
Chapter 27 Forecasts
1(1)
27.1 Introduction
1(2)
27.2 Winds and Temperatures Aloft
3(4)
27.2.1 FB Wind and Temperature Aloft Forecast
4(3)
27.3 Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)
7(16)
27.3.1 TAF Responsibility
7(1)
27.3.2 Generic Format of the Forecast Text of an NWS-Prepared TAF
7(11)
27.3.3 TAF Examples
18(3)
27.3.4 Issuance
21(2)
27.4 Aviation Surface Forecast and Aviation Clouds Forecast
23(2)
27.5 Area Forecasts (FA)
25(10)
27.5.1 FA Standardization
25(1)
27.5.2 FA Issuance Schedule
25(1)
27.5.3 FA Amendments and Corrections
26(1)
27.5.4 FA Issuance
26(9)
27.6 Alaska Graphical Forecasts
35(5)
27.6.1 AAWU Flying Weather
35(1)
27.6.2 Alaska Surface Forecast
36(1)
27.6.3 Alaska Icing Forecast
37(1)
27.6.4 Alaska Turbulence Forecast
38(1)
27.6.5 Alaska Convective Outlook
39(1)
27.7 World Area Forecast System (WAFS)
40(3)
27.7.1 WAFS Forecasts
40(3)
27.8 Significant Weather (SIGWX)
43(13)
27.8.1 Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Charts
43(4)
27.8.2 Mid-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Chart
47(2)
27.8.3 High-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Charts
49(5)
27.8.4 Alaska Significant Weather (SIGWX) Charts
54(2)
27.9 Short-Range Surface Prognostic (Prog) Charts
56(2)
27.9.1 Content
57(1)
27.10 Upper-Air Forecasts
58(3)
27.10.1 Constant Pressure Level Forecasts
59(2)
27.11 Freezing Level Forecast Graphics
61(1)
27.12 Forecast Icing Product (FIP)
62(2)
27.12.1 Icing Probability
63(1)
27.12.2 Icing Severity
63(1)
27.12.3 Icing Severity---Probability > 25 Percent
63(1)
27.12.4 Icing Severity---Probability > 50 Percent
63(1)
27.12.5 Icing Severity Plus SLD
63(1)
27.13 Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG)
64(2)
27.14 Cloud Tops
66(1)
27.15 Localized Aviation Model Output Statistics (MOS) Program (LAMP)
66(1)
27.15.1 Alaska Aviation Guidance (AAG) Weather Product
66(1)
27.16 Additional Products for Convection
66(8)
27.16.1 Convective Outlook (AC)
67(1)
27.16.2 Traffic Flow Management (TFM) Convective Forecast (TCF)
67(2)
27.16.3 Extended Convective Forecast Product (ECFP)
69(1)
27.16.4 Watch Notification Messages
70(4)
27.17 Route Forecast (ROFOR)
74(1)
27.18 Aviation Forecast Discussion (AFD)
75(1)
27.18.1 Example
76(1)
27.19 Meteorological Impact Statement (MIS)
76(1)
27.19.1 Example
76(1)
27.20 Soaring Forecast
76(1)
27.20.1 Example!
76(1)
27.21 Balloon Forecast
77(1)
27.21.1 Example
77
Chapter 28 Aviation Weather Tools
1
28.1 Introduction
1(1)
28.2 Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA) Tool
2(1)
28.2.1 GFA Static Images
3(1)
28.3 FAA Flight Service's Interactive Map
3(1)
28.4 Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) Tool
3(2)
Appendix A Cloud Types
1(1)
A.1 High Clouds
1(2)
A.1.1 Cirrus (Ci)
1(1)
A.1.2 Cirrocumulus (Cc)
2(1)
A.1.3 Cirrostratus (Cs)
2(1)
A.2 Middle Clouds
3(4)
A.2.1 Altocumulus (Ac)
3(2)
A.2.2 Altostratus (As)
5(1)
A.2.3 Nimbostratus (Ns)
6(1)
A.3 Low Clouds
7(1)
A.3.1 Cumulus (Cu) and Towering Cumulus (TCu)
7(1)
A.3.2 Stratocumulus (Sc)
8(1)
A.3.3 Stratus (St)
9(2)
A.3.4 Cumulonimbus (Cb)
11
Appendix B Standard Conversion Chart
1(1)
Appendix C Density Altitude Calculation
1(1)
Appendix D Special Terminal Operation Procedures (STOP) for Operations in a Noncontiguous State
1(1)
D.1 Introduction
1(1)
D.2 Weather Information
1(4)
D.2.1 General
1(1)
D.2.2 Supplements to NWS or EWINS TAFs
1(2)
D.2.3 Manual Surface Observations by Flightcrew Using a Portable Weather Observation Device at STOP Airports
3(1)
D.2.4 Documentation and Reporting
4(1)
D.3 Airport Data
5(1)
D.3.1 Data Maintenance
5(1)
D.3.2 Airport Analysis Program
5(1)
D.3.3 Civil Twilight Considerations
5(1)
D.4 Flight Planning
6(2)
D.4.1 General
6(1)
D.4.2 IFR Flight Plan
6(1)
D.4.3 Composite IFR/VFR Flight Plan
6(1)
D.4.4 VFR Flight Plan
6(1)
D.4.5 Fuel Requirements
6(1)
D.4.6 Weather Minimums at STOP Destination Airports
6(1)
D.4.7 Required Destination Primary Alternate
7(1)
D.4.8 Designation of Secondary Destination Alternate
7(1)
D.4.9 Minimum Equipment List (MEL) Restrictions
7(1)
D.5 Preflight Planning and Briefing to STOP Airport
8(1)
D.5.1 Preflight Planning
8(1)
D.5.2 Preflight Briefing
8(1)
D.6 En Route, Flight Monitoring, and Communications
8(2)
D.6.1 General
8(1)
D.6.2 Domestic Operations
8(1)
D.6.3 Supplemental Operations
9(1)
D.6.4 Flight Monitoring
9(1)
D.6.5 En Route Terrain Clearance
9(1)
D.6.6 En Route IFR to VFR Transition Point
9(1)
D.7 Destination Approach and Arrival
10(1)
D.7.1 General
10(1)
D.7.2 Visual Inspection
10(1)
D.7.3 Barometric Altimeter Validation
10(1)
D.7.4 Radio Altimeter Setting
10(1)
D.8 Departure Procedures From a STOP Airport
10(1)
D.8.1 General
10(1)
D.8.2 Departures
11(1)
D.8.3 Departure Data
11(1)
D.9 Training for Dispatchers, Flight Followers, and Flightcrew
11(2)
D.9.1 General
11(1)
D.9.2 Introduction for Dispatchers and Flight Followers
11(1)
D.9.3 Introduction for Flightcrews
12(1)
D.10 Approval
13(1)
D.11 Compliance Monitoring, Quality Assurance (QA), and Auditing
13(1)
D.11.1 Compliance Monitoring
13(1)
D.11.2 Quality Assurance (QA)
13(1)
D.11.3 STOP Audit
13
Appendix E Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms
1(1)
Appendix F Units of Measurement
1(1)
Appendix G Websites
1