Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
Abbreviations |
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xvii | |
Symbols |
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xxi | |
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1 | (10) |
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Aviation and electronics: a symbiotic relationship |
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1 | (1) |
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Phases in evolution of aircraft navigation |
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2 | (2) |
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Modern aviation weather surveillance |
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4 | (1) |
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Scope and organisation of the book |
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5 | (4) |
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9 | (2) |
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Basic background of aviation |
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11 | (26) |
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11 | (1) |
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Phases of aircraft flight |
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11 | (3) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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Mechanics of aircraft flight |
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14 | (7) |
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Aircraft navigation systems |
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21 | (5) |
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En route navigation: dead-reckoning systems |
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23 | (1) |
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En route navigation: position fixing systems |
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24 | (1) |
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Aircraft landing guidance systems |
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25 | (1) |
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Air traffic control and air traffic services |
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26 | (3) |
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Radars in aircraft navigation and air traffic control |
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29 | (3) |
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Aeronautical communication systems |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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Atmospheric effects on aviation |
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37 | (42) |
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Weather as a factor in aviation |
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37 | (1) |
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Overall effects of weather on aviation |
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37 | (5) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Atmospheric phenomena involving air motion |
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42 | (15) |
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43 | (7) |
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50 | (7) |
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Hydrometeorological phenomena |
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57 | (4) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (6) |
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67 | (2) |
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Atmospheric electrical phenomena |
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69 | (3) |
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Need for improved aviation weather information |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (4) |
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Origins of harmful atmospheric effects on aircraft |
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79 | (42) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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Thunderstorms: nature, initiation and evolution |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (1) |
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Phenomena associated with thunderstorms |
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86 | (12) |
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Divergence and convergence |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (1) |
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Cyclonic motion and tornadoes |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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Lightning, electric fields and atmospherics |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Overall thunderstorm scenario |
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98 | (1) |
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Gust fronts and related phenomena |
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98 | (7) |
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99 | (2) |
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Outflow-induced waves and bores |
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101 | (4) |
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Macrobursts and microbursts |
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105 | (6) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (1) |
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Other sources of atmospheric hazard |
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111 | (4) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (6) |
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Requirements of systems for aviation weather surveillance |
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121 | (22) |
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121 | (1) |
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Types of weather surveillance systems for aviation |
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122 | (3) |
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In situ and remote sensing |
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122 | (2) |
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Ground-based, airborne and spaceborne sensors |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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Data processing and display systems |
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132 | (5) |
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Stages in data processing |
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132 | (2) |
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Display of aviation weather data |
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134 | (1) |
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Requirements of data processing and display systems |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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Selection of primary sensors |
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138 | (2) |
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Atmospheric parameters monitored for aviation |
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138 | (1) |
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Primary sensors for modern aviation weather surveillance |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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Doppler weather radar as a primary aviation weather sensor |
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143 | (72) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (20) |
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145 | (5) |
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Mapping of weather fields |
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150 | (4) |
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Scattering by raindrops and radar reflectivity of weather |
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154 | (3) |
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Radar echoes from clear air |
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157 | (1) |
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Weather attenuation of radar signals |
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158 | (4) |
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Operating frequencies of weather radars |
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162 | (2) |
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Conventional weather radar |
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164 | (16) |
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Reflectivity measurement: radar range equation |
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165 | (7) |
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172 | (6) |
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178 | (2) |
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Motivation for developing modern weather sensors |
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180 | (1) |
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Doppler weather radar: basics |
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181 | (4) |
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Basic principle and limitation |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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Doppler weather radar: primary data products |
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185 | (23) |
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Spectral moments of weather echo signals |
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186 | (4) |
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Doppler weather radar system features and architecture |
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190 | (4) |
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Computation of basic data products |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (2) |
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Doppler velocity spectrum width |
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199 | (1) |
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Some general aspects of Doppler moment estimation |
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200 | (1) |
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Display of basic products |
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201 | (3) |
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Derivation of vector wind fields |
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204 | (4) |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (3) |
Colour plates |
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215 | (230) |
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Modern Doppler weather radars for aviation |
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245 | (44) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (6) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Range and velocity ambiguities |
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252 | (12) |
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252 | (5) |
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Minimisation of range overlays |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Advanced ambiguity resolution methods |
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258 | (2) |
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Potential and futuristic methods |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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Triple-PRF radar observation |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Random phase transmission |
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263 | (1) |
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Systematic discrete phase coding |
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263 | (1) |
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Single-pulse Doppler estimation |
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264 | (1) |
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Other special considerations |
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264 | (11) |
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265 | (1) |
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Siting for terminal area surveillance |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Range ambiguity and overlaid echoes |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Comparison of siting alternatives |
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269 | (1) |
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Scanning strategies and modes |
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270 | (4) |
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274 | (1) |
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Comparison with air route surveillance radar |
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274 | (1) |
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Terminal Doppler weather radar (TDWR) |
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275 | (6) |
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Airport surveillance radar with weather channel |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (4) |
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Other sensors and systems for aviation weather |
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289 | (48) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (12) |
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Conventional wind profiling |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (11) |
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Radio-acoustic sounding systems (RASS) |
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302 | (3) |
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302 | (2) |
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RASS augmentation for sensing aircraft icing conditions |
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304 | (1) |
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Low-level wind shear alert system (LLWAS) |
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305 | (4) |
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Concept and basic configuration |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (2) |
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Airborne wind shear detection |
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309 | (7) |
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310 | (1) |
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Forward-looking remote sensing |
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311 | (5) |
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Airborne turbulence measurement |
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316 | (1) |
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Automated weather observing systems |
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317 | (3) |
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Radiometric satellite observation |
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320 | (5) |
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Airport visibility measurement |
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325 | (5) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (5) |
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Integrated system approaches |
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337 | (14) |
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337 | (1) |
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Integrated terminal weather system |
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338 | (4) |
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339 | (1) |
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Automated operation and fully processed output |
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340 | (1) |
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Performance enhancement, versatility and adaptability |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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Aviation gridded forecast system |
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342 | (1) |
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Aviation weather products generator |
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343 | (5) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (2) |
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Automatic detection and tracking of hazardous weather features |
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351 | (24) |
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351 | (1) |
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Basis of automated weather feature detection |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (3) |
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356 | (7) |
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363 | (6) |
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Storm outflows and microbursts |
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369 | (3) |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (2) |
SPECIAL TOPICS IN AVIATION WEATHER SURVEILLANCE |
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Atmospheric turbulence and its detection by radar |
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375 | (32) |
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375 | (1) |
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Wind shear and turbulence in meteorological events |
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376 | (4) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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Detection of turbulence with Doppler radar |
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380 | (4) |
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Statistical theory of turbulence |
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384 | (12) |
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Correlation and spectral functions in the inertial subrange |
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388 | (3) |
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Filtering by the radar's weighting function |
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391 | (4) |
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Variance of point and average velocities |
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395 | (1) |
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Doppler spectrum width and eddy dissipation rate |
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396 | (2) |
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Eddy dissipation rates in thunderstorms |
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398 | (2) |
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400 | (3) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (3) |
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407 | (22) |
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407 | (1) |
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Lightning, electric fields and atmospherics |
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407 | (4) |
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Lightning-aircraft interaction |
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411 | (7) |
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Weather conditions and lightning strikes to aircraft |
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418 | (5) |
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Detection and surveillance of lightning phenomena |
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423 | (2) |
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Lightning threats to aircraft: what else do we need to know? |
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425 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (3) |
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Polarisation diversity radars |
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429 | (16) |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (2) |
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431 | (1) |
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432 | (2) |
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434 | (4) |
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438 | (1) |
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Automatic classification and quantification of precipitation |
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439 | (2) |
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Status and prospects for aviation use |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (3) |
Index |
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445 | |