Beginning PHP5 [Pehme köide]

Introduction		xix
Getting Up and Running		1	(30)
The Roots of PHP		1	(1)
Installing, Configuring, and Running PHP		2	(4)
System Requirements		3	(1)
php.ini, the PHP Configuration File		3	(1)
Setting Up a Test Machine		4	(1)
Network Connections		4	(1)
Where Do You Start?		4	(1)
Running PHP5		5	(1)
Installing PHP5 with Linux and Apache		6	(13)
Choosing Your Installation Method		6	(10)
Setting up Apache for PHP		16	(3)
Installing PHP5 on Windows 2000/Internet Information Server (IIS) 5		19	(7)
Downloading PHP5		20	(2)
php.ini and Extensions		22	(4)
Testing and Troubleshooting		26	(2)
Configuring PHP		28	(1)
php.ini		28	(1)
PHP Extensions		29	(1)
Caching		29	(1)
Summary		29	(1)
Exercise		30	(1)
Writing Simple Programs		31	(32)
Create a Simple PHP Program		31	(5)
Explore Some Details		33	(1)
How PHP Code Works		33	(3)
How Online PHP Programs Run		36	(1)
Web Communications: Internet Protocols and HTTP		36	(5)
TCP/IP		37	(1)
The HTTP Protocol		37	(4)
Using Variables in PHP		41	(5)
Issues Concerning Creating Variables		41	(4)
Defined Constants		45	(1)
Operators and Expressions		46	(16)
PHP Operators		46	(1)
PHP Expressions		47	(1)
Operator Types		47	(11)
Arrays		58	(4)
Summary		62	(1)
Exercises		62	(1)
PHP, HTML, and State		63	(60)
HTML Primer		63	(4)
The HTML Document Type Definition		65	(1)
The Form and Input Elements		65	(2)
Accessing PHP and HTTP Data		67	(5)
Predefined Variables		67	(2)
Variables in HTTP Request and Response		69	(1)
SuperGlobal Arrays		69	(3)
Links		72	(1)
Query Strings		73	(1)
HTML (Web) Forms		74	(34)
HTML Form Elements		74	(5)
HTML Form Fields (Controls) and PHP		79	(29)
The Concept of State		108	(12)
State Maintenance		108	(8)
Native Sessions in PHP		116	(4)
Summary		120	(1)
Exercise		120	(3)
Decisions, Loops, and Arrays		123	(64)
Designing PHP Program Logic		123	(4)
Problem Statement		123	(1)
Writing Pseudo Code		124	(1)
Boolean Logic		125	(2)
Conditional or Branching Statements		127	(18)
An Example of Branching		128	(1)
if Statements		129	(11)
switch Statements		140	(5)
Loops and Arrays		145	(40)
Loops		145	(16)
Arrays		161	(24)
Summary		185	(1)
Exercise		185	(2)
Robust and Healthy Code		187	(44)
Testing and Debugging		187	(2)
Values That Break Your Code		188	(1)
Basic Error Types		189	(1)
Debugging PHP Script		189	(9)
Understanding PHP Error Messages		189	(1)
Syntax Errors		190	(3)
Logic Errors		193	(1)
Runtime Errors		193	(5)
Debugging and Handling Errors in PHP5		198	(1)
Preventing the Display of Private Information		198	(1)
Roll-Your-Own Debugging Tools		198	(1)
Form Validation		199	(21)
Using the exit Statement		200	(4)
String Validation and Regular Expressions		204	(9)
Validating Data Entry		213	(5)
Using Regexps to Check File Path Parameters		218	(2)
Handling Errors Gracefully		220	(9)
Configuring PHP for Error Handling		220	(2)
Try/Catch---New in PHP5		222	(7)
Summary		229	(1)
Exercise		230	(1)
Writing High-Quality Code		231	(28)
Development Planning		231	(3)
Formal Software Development Processes		232	(2)
Optimizing Your Code		234	(1)
Using Coding Standards		234	(2)
Writing User-Defined Functions in PHP		236	(11)
The Structure of Functions		237	(6)
Switching Functions		243	(2)
How Values Get Inside Functions		245	(2)
Scope of Variables		247	(7)
Global and Local Variables		247	(1)
Creating Static Function Variables		248	(3)
Nesting		251	(1)
Recursion		251	(3)
The Include and Require Statements		254	(3)
Things To Be Careful About with Include and Require		257	(1)
Summary		257	(1)
Exercise		258	(1)
Files and Directories		259	(54)
File and Directory Handling		260	(1)
Working with Files		260	(9)
Opening and Closing Files		261	(3)
Getting Information About a File		264	(1)
Reading and Writing to Files		264	(5)
Reading and Writing Characters in Files		269	(3)
Reading Entire Files		272	(2)
Random Access to File Data		274	(4)
Getting Information on Files		278	(4)
Ownership and Permissions		282	(5)
Working with Files You Own		287	(3)
Splitting the Name and Path from a File		287	(1)
Copying, Renaming, and Deleting Files		288	(2)
Working with Directories		290	(10)
Other Directory Functions		292	(2)
Traversing a Directory Hierarchy		294	(1)
Creating a Directory Navigator		295	(5)
Building a Text Editor		300	(7)
Uploading Files		307	(5)
Summary		312	(1)
Exercise		312	(1)
XML		313	(30)
What Is XML?		313	(2)
XML Document Structure		315	(7)
Major Parts of an XML Document		315	(1)
Well-Formed XML Documents		316	(1)
Using XML Elements and Attributes		317	(1)
Valid XML Documents: DTDs and XML Schemas		318	(4)
Web Services		322	(1)
PHP and XML		322	(1)
PHP4 XML Functions		323	(11)
XML Parsers		329	(3)
The Document Object Model		332	(2)
PHP5 XML Functions		334	(6)
The SimpleXML Extension		334	(4)
Changing a Value with simpleXML		338	(2)
Summary		340	(1)
Exercise		341	(2)
An Introduction to Databases and SQL		343	(48)
Storing Data		344	(3)
Databases and Databases		344	(1)
Database Architectures		345	(1)
Choosing a Database		346	(1)
Setting Up MySQL		347	(4)
Installing on Windows		347	(1)
Installing on Linux		348	(2)
Configuring MySQL		350	(1)
Relational Databases		351	(9)
Normalization		352	(3)
Talking to Databases with SQL		355	(5)
A Quick Play with MySQL		360	(7)
Starting the mysql Client Program		360	(1)
Selecting a Database to Use		361	(1)
Looking at Tables Inside a Database		362	(1)
Using SQL to Look at Data		363	(1)
Manipulating Data in a Database		364	(1)
Using GRANT and REVOKE Commands		365	(2)
Connecting to MySQL from PHP		367	(1)
PHP MySQL Connectivity		368	(7)
Basic Connection Functions		368	(3)
Handling Server Errors		371	(4)
Creating Databases and Tables from MySQL		375	(13)
Creating the Sample Database and Tables with PHP		379	(4)
Altering Tables		383	(2)
Inserting Data into a Table		385	(3)
Summary		388	(3)
Retrieving Data from MySQL Using PHP		391	(26)
Retrieving Data Using PHP		391	(3)
SQL Statements for Retrieving Data		394	(10)
Server Functions		394	(1)
Retrieving Fields		395	(5)
Getting Summaries		400	(1)
More Complex Retrievals		401	(3)
Putting It All Together		404	(11)
The common_db.inc File Contents		405	(2)
The userviewer.php File Contents		407	(7)
Using the User Viewer		414	(1)
Summary		415	(2)
Using PHP to Manipulate Data in MySQL		417	(44)
Inserting Records Using PHP		417	(3)
Special Characters		418	(1)
htmlspecialchars()		419	(1)
Updating and Deleting Records in Tables		420	(2)
Working with Date and Time Type Fields		422	(4)
Getting Information on Database Tables		426	(5)
ENUM Options and Field Defaults		431	(4)
Creating a User Registration Script		435	(7)
register.php		435	(5)
Choosing Actions to Take		440	(2)
Creating an Access Logger Script		442	(7)
auth_user.php		442	(2)
access_logger.php		444	(5)
Creating a User Manager		449	(9)
userman.php		449	(8)
Choosing an Action to Take		457	(1)
Summary		458	(1)
Exercises		459	(2)
An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming		461	(32)
What Is Object-Oriented Programming?		461	(2)
Understanding OOP Concepts		463	(27)
Classes		463	(1)
Objects		464	(13)
Inheritance		477	(9)
Interfaces		486	(3)
Encapsulation		489	(1)
Changes to 00 in PHP5		490	(1)
Summary		491	(1)
Exercises		491	(2)
Working with UML and Classes		493	(36)
The Unified Modeling Language		493	(3)
Why Would You Want to Use UML?		494	(1)
UML Software		494	(1)
Class Diagrams		495	(1)
Creating the Contact Manager		496	(7)
The Contact Manager UML Diagrams		496	(4)
Other Useful UML Diagrams		500	(3)
Creating the Entity Class		503	(6)
Putting It All Together		509	(18)
The PropertyObject Class		509	(3)
The Contact Type Classes		512	(4)
The DataManager Class		516	(1)
The Entity, Individual, and Organization Classes		517	(8)
Making Use of the System		525	(2)
Summary		527	(2)
Pear		529	(38)
What Is PEAR?		529	(5)
How Is PEAR Structured?		530	(2)
Recapping PEAR Standards		532	(2)
Installing PEAR Packages		534	(11)
Finding Your Way Around pear.php.net		534	(1)
Exploring PEAR Classes and Applications		534	(1)
Installing and Using the PEAR Package Manager		535	(10)
Using PEAR Packages		545	(21)
Building an Application Using Two PEAR Components		551	(15)
Summary		566	(1)
PHP5 and E-Mail		567	(18)
E-Mail Background		567	(1)
Internet Mail Protocols		568	(1)
Structure of an E-Mail Message		568	(2)
Sending E-Mail with PHP		570	(5)
Using the mail() Function		570	(2)
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions		572	(2)
PEAR Mail Libraries		574	(1)
Building a Simple PHP E-Mail Application		575	(8)
Summary		583	(1)
Exercises		583	(2)
Generating Graphics		585	(28)
Basics of Computer Graphics		585	(3)
Color Theory		586	(1)
Coordinate Systems		586	(1)
Image Types		587	(1)
Working with Raster Images		588	(10)
Creating a New Image		588	(1)
Allocating Colors		588	(1)
Basic Drawing Functions		589	(9)
Manipulating Raster Images		598	(9)
Opening an Existing Image		598	(2)
Applying a Watermark		600	(4)
Creating Thumbnails		604	(3)
Using Text in Images		607	(5)
Adding Standard Text		607	(2)
Using True Type Fonts		609	(3)
Summary		612	(1)
Exercises		612	(1)
Case Study: A PHP Logging Agent		613	(58)
Why a Logging Agent?		614	(7)
Smarty		615	(5)
PHPUnit		620	(1)
Designing the Logging Agent		621	(7)
The sitelogs.db Database		622	(2)
Using UML to Map Out the Logging Agent		624	(4)
Coding the Solution		628	(26)
Miscellaneous Scripts		628	(4)
Data-Handling Scripts		632	(13)
Validation and Error-Handling Scripts		645	(6)
Presentation Scripts and Templates		651	(3)
Testing the Application		654	(11)
Working with the Logging Agent		665	(5)
userlog.php		666	(1)
Viewing the Logging Agent		666	(4)
Summary		670	(1)
Appendix A: Answers		671	(22)
Appendix B: PHP Functions Reference		693	(72)
Appendix C: Using SQLite		765	(16)
Appendix D: ODBC		781	(14)
Appendix E: PHP CLI		795	(10)
Appendix F: Configuring PHP5		805	(24)
Index		829

Dave W. Mercer has 15 years experience in industrial and process engineering, and systems analysis, and is CTO for a B2B, responsible for the development and deployment of online automated business services. His entire site hosting server, and the applications he builds for hosted clients are programmed in PHP using Postgres or MySQL as the database. Allan Kent is a PHP programmer who runs his own company and is a co-author of Beginning PHP 4. Alan has been programming seriously for the past dozen years and, other than the single blemish when he achieved a diploma in Cobol programming is entirely self-taught.

Steven D. Nowicki is Director of Software development at The Content Project, a Santa Monica, California-based consulting firm currently developing a massive enterprise resource planning and contact management system comprising more than 300,000 lines of OOPHP code. He has a decade of experience in large-scale software development and system architecture on all major platforms.

David Mercer is a PHP programmer and contributed to Beginning PHP 4. He has a keen interest in all things open source ever since he managed to put together a working Beowulf cluster by nicking old computer parts from colleagues and assembling them under his desk. He has worked on Wrox open source titles about PHP, Perl, and Linux.

Dan Squier is a longtime contributor to the Wrox community and a PHP Programmer.

Wankyu Choi is an accomplished PHP programmer and lead author of Beginning PHP 4. He holds a Masters degree in English/Korean interpretation and translation form the Graduate School of Translation & Interpretation.

Heow Eide-Goodman is a member of NYPHP and LispNYC who uses PHP in his day job to doWeb sites, services, and back-office transformations among SQL Server, Interbase/Firebird, and MySQL.

Edward Lecky-Thompson is the founder and director of Ashridge New Media, a professional new media technology consultancy based in Berkhamsted, just north of London, England. Self-described as utterly obsessed with PHP, Ed has more than six years experience in commercial software development and enterprise-level systems architecture across myriad platforms, with particularly strong exposure to PHP and Apache on Linux-based platforms.

Clark Morgan is an experienced programmer who creates and administers databases with Web sites using PHP and MySQL for Fusion Computing and Media.