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Biology of Coral Reefs [Kõva köide]

(Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), UK), (School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand), (School of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, UK)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 352 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 240x160x21 mm, kaal: 942 g, 130 black and white illustrations, plus an 8 page colour plate section
  • Sari: Biology of Habitats
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jun-2009
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198566352
  • ISBN-13: 9780198566359
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 352 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 240x160x21 mm, kaal: 942 g, 130 black and white illustrations, plus an 8 page colour plate section
  • Sari: Biology of Habitats
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Jun-2009
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198566352
  • ISBN-13: 9780198566359
Coral reefs represent the most spectacular and diverse marine ecosystem on the planet as well as a critical source of income for millions of people. However, the combined effects of human activity have led to a rapid decline in the health of reefs worldwide, with many now facing complete destruction.



This timely book provides an integrated overview of the function, physiology, ecology, and behaviour of coral reef organisms. Each chapter is enriched with a selection of 'boxes' on specific aspects written by internationally recognised experts. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate this marine environment although pollution, conservation, climate change, and experimental aspects are also included. Indeed, particular emphasis is placed on conservation and management due to the habitat's critically endangered status. A global range of examples is employed which gives the book international relevance.

This accessible text is intended for students, naturalists and professionals and assumes no previous knowledge of coral reef biology. It is particularly suitable for both senior undergraduate and graduate students (in departments of biology, geography, and environmental science) taking courses in coral reef ecology, marine biology, oceanography and conservation biology, as well as the many professional ecologists and conservation biologists requiring a concise overview of the topic. It will also be of relevance and use to reef managers, recreational divers, and amateur naturalists.

Arvustused

A must for coral reef biologists * Bert W. Hoeksema, Marine Biology Research *

Abbreviations ix
List of Boxes xi
1. Coral Reefs - Biodiverse and Productive Tropical Ecosystems
1
1.1 Introduction
1
1.2 Areas and distributions of reefs
10
1.3 Biodiversity on coral reefs
13
1.4 Coral communities and reef growth
17
1.5 Types of reefs
20
1.6 Profiles and zones of reefs
24
1.7 Biodiversity on reef slopes
30
1.8 Values of reefs to people
32
2. The Main Reef Builders and Space Occupiers
33
2.1 Corals
36
2.2 Soft corals and sea fans
47
2.3 Sponges
50
2.4 Other animal species
55
2.5 Macroalgae
57
2.6 Seagrasses and mangroves
59
2.7 Rates of coral growth, rates of reef growth
62
2.8 Soft substrates
65
3. The Abiotic Environment
66
3.1 Controls on coral distribution
66
3.2 Salinity
66
3.3 Temperature
71
3.4 Light
76
3.5 Nutrients
79
3.6 Exposure and other hydrodynamic factors
84
3.7 Sediment
87
3.8 Seawater carbonate chemistry
91
4. Symbiotic Interactions
98
4.1 What is symbiosis?
98
4.2 Algal-invertebrate symbioses in corals and soft corals
98
4.3 Diversity of zooxanthellae
101
4.4 Physiology of coral calcification
104
4.5 Photosynthesis and carbon fluxes
106
4.6 Nitrogen acquisition and fluxes
113
4.7 Phosphorus
116
4.8 Symbiosis establishment and stability
117
4.9 Coral-microbial associations
122
4.10 Sponge symbioses with non-photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and algae
125
4.11 'Macro' or iconic symbioses e.g. fish and sea anemones, shrimps, and fish
127
5. Microbial, Microalgal, and Planktonic Reef Life
130
5.1 Microbial reef life
130
5.2 Trophic links
146
5.3 Zooplankton behaviour and ecology
154
6. Reef Fishes: Diversity, Feeding, and Food Chains
161
6.1 Geographical influences on diversity
162
6.2 Reef fish: colourful for a reason
164
6.3 Trophic ecology of coral reef fish
168
6.4 The coral reef food chain
182
6.5 Impacts on the food chain
184
7. Reef Fisheries and Reef Aquaculture
192
7.1 Fisheries resources on reefs
193
7.2 Practical issues with reef fishes
203
7.3 Live reef fish trade
206
7.4 Aquaculture on reefs
210
7.5 Impacts of fishing
211
7.6 Approaches to managing coral reef fisheries
215
7.7 Controlling coral reef fisheries
218
7.8 Future for reef fisheries
220
8. Coral Reefs in the Modern World
223
8.1 Damaging impacts on reefs
224
8.2 Other physical impacts
231
8.3 Coral diseases
234
8.4 Diseases of other reef organisms
237
8.5 Climate change
239
8.6 Acidification
247
8.7 Sea level rise
249
8.8 Cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons
250
8.9 Synergies, stasis, and feedbacks
253
9. Consequences to Reefs of Changing Environmental Stress
255
9.1 Ecological consequences of environmental impacts
255
9.2 Changes to the main architectural species
259
9.3 Changes on Indo-Pacific reefs
265
9.4 Sizes of the coral 'reservoir'
274
9.5 Changing food chains and trophic balances
275
10. The Future, Human Population, and Management 278
10.1 The time scale available
279
10.2 The elephant in the room
282
10.3 Protected areas and coral reefs
285
10.4 Environmental assessments
288
10.5 Costs, prices, and values
290
10.6 The 'slippery slope to slime'
293
10.7 The future for reefs
293
Bibliography 301
Index 333
Prof Charles Sheppard has spent 35 years researching the ecology of coral reefs and their role in supporting coastal communities. He is interested especially in effects of pollution and climate change on tropical marine systems, and has been Editor of the scientific journal Marine Pollution Bulletin for 15 years.



Dr. Simon Davy is a specialist in the fields of coral-algal symbiosis and coral disease. He studied for his PhD at Bangor University. He then conducted postdoctoral research at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution in Florida and the University of Sydney, before holding faculty positions at the University of Plymouth and now Victoria University of Wellington.



Dr Graham Pilling has considerable practical experience in tropical and coral reef ecosystems. He has gained in depth experience in the practical assessment and management of coral reef fisheries in the Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf. His recent work has focused on the implications of climate change for coral reef ecosystem services.