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Biology of Reproduction [Pehme köide]

(Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy), (Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 490 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 245x174x24 mm, kaal: 940 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 163 Halftones, color; 200 Halftones, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108731716
  • ISBN-13: 9781108731713
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 490 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 245x174x24 mm, kaal: 940 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 163 Halftones, color; 200 Halftones, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108731716
  • ISBN-13: 9781108731713
Reproduction is a fundamental feature of life, it is the way life persists across the ages. This book offers new, wider vistas on this fundamental biological phenomenon, exploring how it works through the whole tree of life. It explores facets such as asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis, sex determination and reproductive investment, with a taxonomic coverage extended over all the main groups - animals, plants including 'algae', fungi, protists and bacteria. It collates into one volume perspectives from varied disciplines - including zoology, botany, microbiology, genetics, cell biology, developmental biology, evolutionary biology, animal and plant physiology, and ethology - integrating information into a common language. Crucially, the book aims to identify the commonalties among reproductive phenomena, while demonstrating the diversity even amongst closely related taxa. Its integrated approach makes this a valuable reference book for students and researchers, as well as an effective entry point for deeper study on specific topics.

Offering insights into the biology of reproduction through the whole tree of life, this book is rigorous yet accessible. The integrated approach enables readers from different disciplines to access the commonalities across phenomena. It is ideal for students and researchers in biology, and those looking for an entry point to deeper study.

Arvustused

'Fusco's and Minelli's The Biology of Reproduction is impressive in scope. Rather than adopting a more restricted perspective on reproduction - be it on reproduction in mammals, animals, or plants - this book provides a comprehensive overview of the various similarities and variations of this central biological phenomenon across the whole tree of life. In an easily accessible style and exemplified through a wide range of illustrations, it offers the reader a great stepping stone to more in-depth comparative studies. Its greatest strengths are twofold. First, through its impressive taxonomic coverage it directly counteracts longstanding biases in our understanding of reproduction imposed through the selective use of a few model organisms. Second, the authors nicely link empirical findings with conceptual discussions on biological individuality and the boundaries between reproduction and development. Thus, this book is of use not only for biology students and professors but also for philosophers of biology. Highly recommended.' Jan Baedke, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany  'Crucially, The Biology of Reproduction successfully identifies the commonalties among reproductive phenomena, while demonstrating the diversity even amongst closely related taxa. Its integrated approach makes The Biology of Reproduction a valuable reference book for students and researchers, as well as an effective entry point for deeper study on specific topics.' James A. Cox, Midwest Book Review '[ Giuseppe Fusco and Alessandro Minelli] have created an excellent new resource on a subject that is almost impossible to define, bringing together diagrams, photographs, and illustrations from many sources. This is truly a reference work, yet it prominently features accessibility Readers will no doubt find the coverage of this interplay interesting.' F. W. Yow, Choice 'Overall, The Biology of Reproduction offers readers a very comprehensive review of reproductive biology that cuts across all clades. This will be especially valuable for biologists who do most of their work within a relatively small subset of organisms, and for whom many novel reproductive strategies may be unknown the book will be valuable to anyone seeking a detailed reference for comparative reproductive biology, where it makes sense to prioritize breadth ahead of depth. Moreover, it would also be a suitable choice as a textbook for a course on reproductive biology or the evolution of reproductive systems (at either the undergraduate or postgraduate level), since the text is organized well and easy to read.' P. William Hughes, Evolution ' places reproduction at the forefront and beautifully summarizes the vast array of reproductive strategies from a diverse range of organisms, including bacteria, plants and animals. This book is unparalleled in scope and in addition to covering the natural history of reproduction and highlighting fascinating life-history strategies covers the fundamental aspects of reproduction including key definitions, genetics and cytogenetics, and sex determination well-written and organized with excellent taxonomic and subject indexes this book is beautifully illustrated with informative and well-thought-out diagrams. The Biology of Reproduction is, therefore, suitable as an introductory or a more advanced text is also a valuable primer for students and researchers interested in comparative and evolutionary reproductive biology provides a comprehensive introduction to the diverse range of reproductive strategies found in nature and in doing so clarifies key terminology and concepts in a text which will be equally valuable to the student and expert alike.' Elizabeth J. Duncan, Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 'Fusco and Minelli's The Biology of Reproduction is a much-needed and welcome addition. It allows readers to place whatever model system and aspect of reproductive biology they seek into a broader context, across levels of biological organization but also in relation to the breathtaking diversity that exists among living systems in when, where, and by what means the continuity of life is made possible.' Armin P. Moczek, The Quarterly Review of Biology

Muu info

A look into the phenomena of sex and reproduction in all organisms, taking an innovative, unified and comprehensive approach.
Preface xiii
Figure Credits
xv
Introduction 1(5)
1 Introductory Concepts
6(41)
1.1 A First Definition of Reproduction
7(6)
Box 1.1 Spontaneous Generation
8(4)
Box 1.2 Other Reproductions
12(1)
1.2 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
13(5)
Box 1.3 Sexual or Asexual?
13(5)
1.3 Generation, Life Cycle, Development
18(7)
1.3.1 Generation
18(3)
1.3.2 Life Cycle
21(3)
1.3.3 Development
24(1)
1.4 Reproduction and Individuality
25(7)
1.4.1 Genetic Uniqueness of the Individual
26(1)
1.4.2 Genetic Uniformity of the Individual
26(3)
1.4.3 Autonomy and Physiological Unity of the Individual
29(1)
1.4.4 How Many Kinds of Individual?
30(2)
1.5 Reproduction and Senescence
32(9)
Box 1.4 Sex and Death
35(6)
1.6 Difficult Boundaries
41(6)
1.6.1 Reproduction vs. Transformation
41(2)
1.6.2 Reproduction vs. Growth
43(2)
1.6.3 Reproduction vs. Regeneration
45(2)
2 Reproduction and Life Cycle
47(39)
2.1 Alternation of Nuclear Phases
48(9)
Box 2.1 Cell Cycle
53(1)
2.1.1 Isomorphic and Heteromorphic Haplodiplontic Cycles
54(1)
2.1.2 Haplodiplontic Cycles with Homospory and Heterospory
54(3)
2.1.3 Haplodiplontic Cycles and Asexual Reproduction
57(1)
2.2 Alternation of Sexual and Asexual Generations: Metagenetic Cycles
57(6)
Box 2.2 The `Immortal Jellyfish'
59(2)
Box 2.3 Metagenesis vs. Metamorphosis
61(2)
2.3 Alternation of Amphigonic and Parthenogenetic Generations: Heterogonic Cycles
63(3)
2.4 Alternation of Gonochoric and Hermaphrodite Generations: Heterogenic Cycles
66(1)
2.5 Alternation of Solitary and Colonial Generations
67(2)
2.6 Alternation of Unicellular and Multicellular Generations
69(2)
2.7 Alternation of Generations by Seasonal Polyphenism
71(2)
2.8 Cycles with Reproductive Options
73(2)
2.9 Distribution of Reproductive Phases Within One Generation
75(9)
2.10 Generation Times
84(2)
3 The Natural History of Reproduction
86(110)
3.1 Asexual Reproduction
86(20)
3.1.1 Asexual Reproduction in Unicellular Organisms
87(1)
3.1.1.1 Cell Division in Prokaryotes
87(2)
3.1.1.2 Cell Division in Unicellular Eukaryotes
89(1)
3.1.2 Asexual Reproduction in Multicellular Organisms
90(1)
3.1.2.1 Unicellular Propagules
91(1)
Box 3.1 Spores
92(2)
3.1.2.2 Multicellular Propagules in Plants and Fungi
94(2)
3.1.2.3 Multicellular Propagules in Metazoans
96(6)
3.1.2.4 Polyembryony and Larval Amplification
102(4)
3.2 Sexual Reproduction: Gametes and Syngamy
106(10)
Box 3.2 The Evolutionary Enigma of Sex
107(4)
3.2.1 Isogamety, Anisogamety, Oogamety
111(1)
Box 3.3 How Many Sexes?
112(1)
3.2.2 Gametogamy, Gamontogamy, Autogamy
113(2)
3.2.3 Cryptic Sex
115(1)
3.3 Distribution of Sex Conditions Within a Species or Population
116(19)
3.3.1 Gonochorism (Dioecy)
116(1)
3.3.1.1 Secondary Sexual Characters in Plants
117(1)
3.3.1.2 Secondary Sexual Characters in Animals
118(4)
3.3.2 Hermaphroditism (Monoecy)
122(1)
3.3.2.1 Monoecy in Land Plants
122(3)
3.3.2.2 Hermaphroditism in Metazoans
125(8)
3.3.3 Androdioecy, Gynodioecy and Trioecy
133(2)
3.4 Germ Cells in Sexual Reproduction
135(14)
3.4.1 Production of Gametes in Animals
135(1)
Box 3.4 Germline Segregation in Animals
136(1)
3.4.1.1 Reproductive Organs in Animals
136(2)
3.4.1.2 Gametogenesis in Animals
138(2)
3.4.1.3 Gametes in Animals
140(4)
3.4.2 Production of Gametes and Spores in Plants
144(1)
3.4.2.1 Reproductive Organs, Gametogenesis and Sporogenesis in Land Plants
144(4)
3.4.2.2 Gametes in Land Plants
148(1)
3.5 Biparental Sexual Reproduction (Amphigony)
149(24)
3.5.1 Encounter and Fusion of Gametes
149(3)
3.5.2 Modes of Gamete Encounter
152(1)
3.5.2.1 Sperm Transfer in Animals
152(4)
3.5.2.2 Transfer of Gametes in Embryophytes
156(1)
3.5.3 Strategies that Promote Encounters Between Gametes
157(1)
3.5.3.1 Strategies of External Fertilization
157(1)
3.5.3.2 Meeting of Partners in Animals with Internal Fertilization
158(4)
3.5.3.3 Pollination in Seed Plants
162(4)
3.5.4 Fertilization
166(1)
3.5.4.1 Fertilization in Animals
166(1)
3.5.4.2 Fertilization in Seed Plants
167(1)
3.5.5 Reproductive Incompatibility
168(3)
3.5.6 Mating Systems
171(2)
3.6 Uniparental Sexual Reproduction
173(23)
3.6.1 Self-Fertilization
173(1)
3.6.2 Parthenogenesis
174(2)
3.6.2.1 Thelytokous Parthenogenesis
176(2)
3.6.2.2 Arrhenotokous and Pseudoarrhenotokous Parthenogenesis
178(2)
3.6.2.3 Geographical Parthenogenesis
180(1)
3.6.2.4 Accidental Parthenogenesis
181(1)
3.6.2.5 Paedogenesis
181(3)
3.6.2.6 Cyclical Parthenogenesis
184(1)
3.6.2.7 Hybrids and Parthenogenesis
184(1)
3.6.2.8 Infectious Parthenogenesis
184(2)
3.6.2.9 Parthenogenesis in Plants
186(5)
3.6.3 Gynogenesis
191(2)
3.6.4 Androgenesis
193(1)
3.6.5 Hybridogenesis
194(2)
4 Parental Investment in Sexual Reproduction
196(40)
4.1 A First Look at Parental Investment Costs
197(3)
4.1.1 Reproduction Costs in Animals
197(2)
4.1.2 Reproduction Costs in Seed Plants
199(1)
4.2 Fecundity
200(5)
4.2.1 Measuring Fecundity
201(1)
4.2.2 r/k Reproductive Strategies
201(4)
4.3 Temporal Distribution of Reproductive Effort
205(5)
Box 4.1 Pregnancy, Lactation and Sexual Maturity in Mammals
208(2)
4.4 Investment of Animals in Egg and Embryo Development
210(15)
4.4.1 Oviparity
211(1)
4.4.2 Viviparity and Incubation
212(2)
4.4.3 Lecithotrophy
214(7)
4.4.4 Matrotrophy
221(4)
4.5 Parental Care in Animals
225(4)
4.6 Investment of Plants in Gametophyte and Sporophyte Development
229(7)
4.6.1 Gametophyte Development
229(1)
4.6.2 Sporophyte Development
230(1)
4.6.3 Seed and Fruit Development
231(5)
5 Genetics and Cytogenetics of Reproduction
236(61)
5.1 Asexual Reproduction
237(17)
Box 5.1 Clones
239(2)
5.1.1 Genetic Variation Resulting from New Mutations
241(1)
5.1.1.1 Mutations Resulting from Errors in DNA Replication
241(1)
5.1.1.2 Mutations Resulting from Other Causes
241(1)
5.1.1.3 Mutations and Mosaicism
242(1)
5.1.2 Genetic Variation Resulting from Recombination
243(1)
5.1.3 Genetic Variation Resulting from Stochastic Segregation
244(1)
5.1.3.1 Random Segregation of Plasmids in the Prokaryotic Cell
245(1)
5.1.3.2 Mitotic Segregation of Cytoplasmic Organelles
246(1)
Box 5.2 Genetic Elements of the Prokaryotic Cell
247(1)
Box 5.3 Genetic Elements of the Eukaryotic Cell
248(2)
5.1.3.3 Amitosis in Ciliates
250(1)
5.1.4 Epigenetic Variation
251(1)
5.1.5 Unconventional Mechanisms of Cell Division in Eukaryotes
252(1)
5.1.5.1 Division of Multinucleate Cells
252(1)
5.1.5.2 Variants of Mitosis
253(1)
5.1.6 Intermittent Episodes of Sexual Reproduction
253(1)
5.2 Sexual Reproduction and Sex
254(43)
5.2.1 Sex in Prokaryotes
255(1)
5.2.1.1 Mechanisms of Genetic Exchange in Prokaryotes
256(3)
5.2.1.2 Quantitative Aspects of Genetic Exchange in Prokaryotes
259(1)
5.2.2 General Aspects of Sexual Reproduction in Eukaryotes
259(1)
5.2.2.1 Synopsis of the Sources of Genetic Variation
260(1)
5.2.2.2 Independent Assortment of Chromosomes and Chromatids
261(3)
5.2.2.3 Recombination in the Strict Sense
264(1)
Box 5.4 Recombination
265(5)
5.2.2.4 Syngamy
270(1)
5.2.3 Genetics of Hereditary Transmission Through Different Modes of Sexual Reproduction
271(1)
5.2.3.1 Amphigony
271(4)
5.2.3.2 Self-Fertilization
275(3)
5.2.3.3 Parthenogenesis
278(8)
5.2.3.4 Gynogenesis and Pseudogamy
286(1)
5.2.3.5 Hybridogenesis
287(2)
5.2.3.6 Paternal Genome Loss
289(1)
5.2.3.7 Androgenesis
289(1)
5.2.4 Sexual Leakage
290(2)
5.2.5 Special Cases of Sexual Processes in Eukaryotes
292(1)
5.2.5.1 Ciliate Conjugation
292(1)
5.2.5.2 Parasexual Cycle in Fungi
293(1)
5.2.5.3 Chimerism
294(3)
6 Determination of Sex and Mating Type
297(45)
6.1 Genetic Sex-Determination Systems
301(23)
6.1.1 Chromosomal Sex-Determination Systems
301(4)
6.1.1.1 XY and ZW Systems
305(2)
Box 6.1 X:A in Drosophila
307(2)
6.1.1.2 X0 and Z0 Systems
309(1)
6.1.1.3 UV System
310(1)
6.1.1.4 Systems with Multiple Heterochromosomes
311(4)
6.1.1.5 Other Chromosomal Systems
315(1)
6.1.1.6 Dosage Compensation
315(3)
Box 6.2 Dmrt Genes and Sex Development in Animals
318(1)
6.1.2 Genie Sex-Determination Systems
319(1)
6.1.3 Haplodiploid Sex-Determination System
320(4)
6.2 Environmental Sex-Determination Systems
324(7)
6.2.1 Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination
324(2)
6.2.2 Sex Determination Through Interaction with Conspecifics
326(2)
6.2.3 Other Environmental Sex-Determination Systems
328(1)
6.2.3.1 Photoperiod
328(1)
6.2.3.2 Water pH
329(1)
6.2.3.3 Nutrition
329(1)
6.2.3.4 Body Size
329(1)
6.2.3.5 Parasites
330(1)
6.3 Maternal Sex-Determination Systems
331(2)
6.4 Mixed Sex-Determination Systems and Random Sex Determination
333(2)
6.5 Notes on Sexual Differentiation
335(3)
6.6 Determination of Mating Type
338(4)
7 Reproduction: a Taxonomic Survey
342(62)
7.1 Protists (Unicellular Eukaryotes)
342(8)
7.1.1 Foraminifera
344(1)
7.1.2 Apicomplexans (Sporozoans)
344(1)
7.1.3 Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceans)
345(1)
7.1.4 Ciliates
345(2)
7.1.5 Diatoms
347(2)
7.1.6 Xanthophyceans
349(1)
7.1.7 Hypermastigines
349(1)
7.1.8 Choanoflagellates
349(1)
7.1.9 Mycetozoans
350(1)
7.2 Brown Algae (Phaeophyceans)
350(2)
7.3 Red Algae (Rhodophyceans)
352(2)
7.4 Green Plants (Viridiplantae)
354(18)
7.4.1 Green Algae
354(1)
Box 7.1 The Complex Life Cycles of Some Green Algae
355(5)
7.4.2 Bryophytes
360(2)
7.4.3 Pteridophytes
362(2)
7.4.4 Gymnosperms
364(2)
7.4.5 Angiosperms
366(6)
7.5 Fungi
372(7)
7.5.1 Chytridiomycetes
373(1)
7.5.2 Zygomycetes
374(1)
7.5.3 Glomeromycetes
375(1)
7.5.4 Ascomycetes
375(1)
7.5.5 Basidiomycetes
376(2)
7.5.6 Lichens
378(1)
7.5.7 Microsporidians
379(1)
7.6 Metazoans
379(25)
7.6.1 Sponges
380(1)
7.6.2 Cnidarians
380(2)
Box 7.2 Special Cases of Cnidarian Life Cycles
382(1)
7.6.3 Ctenophores
383(1)
7.6.4 Placozoans, Orthonectids, Dicyemids
383(1)
7.6.5 Acoelomorphs
384(1)
7.6.6 Gastrotrichs
384(1)
7.6.7 Gnathostomulids and Micrognathozoans
384(1)
7.6.8 Synderms
385(1)
7.6.9 Flatworms (Rhabditophorans and Catenulids)
386(1)
7.6.10 Cycliophorans
387(1)
7.6.11 Entoprocts
388(1)
7.6.12 Nemerteans
388(1)
7.6.13 Bryozoans, Phoronids, Brachiopods
388(1)
7.6.14 Molluscs
389(2)
7.6.15 Annelids (Including Pogonophorans, Sipunculids and Echiurids)
391(3)
7.6.16 Tardigrades and Onychophorans
394(1)
7.6.17 Nematomorphs, Priapulids, Loriciferans and Kinorhynchs
394(1)
7.6.18 Nematodes
394(1)
7.6.19 Arthropods
395(5)
7.6.20 Chaetognaths
400(1)
7.6.21 Echinoderms
400(1)
7.6.22 Hemichordates
401(1)
7.6.23 Cephalochordates
401(1)
7.6.24 Tunicates
401(1)
7.6.25 Vertebrates or Craniotes
402(2)
Coda 404(3)
Appendix: A Classification of Living Organisms 407(8)
References 415(22)
Taxonomic Index 437(21)
Subject Index 458
Giuseppe Fusco is Associate Professor of Zoology at the Department of Biology at the Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy. He is a researcher in evolutionary biology and has edited three volumes in this field. He previously collaborated with Alessandro Minelli on Evolving Pathways (Cambridge, 2008). Alessandro Minelli is a former Full Professor of Zoology and, in retirement, an affiliated senior scientist at the Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy. He has served as vice-president of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology and as specialty editor-in-chief for evolutionary developmental biology of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. He is author of several books on evolutionary biology, including The Development of Animal Form (Cambridge, 2003) and Plant Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Cambridge, 2018).