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Biomass for Biofuels [Kõva köide]

Edited by , Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland), Edited by
  • Formaat: Hardback, 194 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 544 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 113802631X
  • ISBN-13: 9781138026315
Teised raamatud teemal:
Biomass for BiofuelsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 194 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 544 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 113802631X
  • ISBN-13: 9781138026315
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781138026315.html
Biomass is a widely available resource, that can be characterized by its high production potential. Enabling the production of different types of biofuels, biomass can be used in both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. There is extensive knowledge of the biofuel production process, and technologies enabling the production of biofuels with high caloric value and better physicochemical properties are developed. The biggest barrier in the development of a biofuels market is not the lack of know-how, but economic and political aspects.

Biomass for Biofuels presents technological aspects of biomass conversion into advanced biofuels. Also discussed are the influence of growing biofuels markets on the natural environment and social relations as well as economic aspects of acquisition of biomass and its processing into biofuels. In addition biomass characteristics are presented. A definition is provided, and its chemical composition and properties detailed. The focus is on lignocellulosic biomass, whose complex structure is a limiting factor for biofuels production via biological processes. For that reason, echanical, chemical and physicochemical methods that enable an increased availability for the microorganisms used for biomass conversion to biofuels are discussed.
Introduction 1(2)
1 Biofuels and sustainable development
3(12)
Ewa Klimiuk
Artur Pawlowski
1 Introduction
3(2)
1.1 Sustainable development
3(1)
1.2 Strategies for sustainable development
3(2)
2 Environmental aspects of biofuels production
5(4)
2.1 Depletion of fossil fuel resources
5(1)
2.2 Environment pollution
5(3)
2.3 Changing the use of natural space and reducing biodiversity
8(1)
3 Economic aspects of biofuels production
9(1)
3.1 Cost effectiveness of biofuels production and energy balance
9(1)
3.2 Energy security
10(1)
3.3 Loss of government revenue
10(1)
4 Social aspects of biofuels production
10(2)
4.1 Rural development
10(1)
4.2 Diversification of production
11(1)
4.3 Risks associated with the production of biofuels
11(1)
5 Prospects for the development of the biofuels market
12(3)
2 Biomass for fuels -- classification and composition
15(22)
Zygmunt Mariusz Gusiatin
Artur Pawlowski
1 Definition and classification of biomass
15(2)
1.1 Definition of biomass
15(1)
1.2 Categories and types of biomass
16(1)
2 Biomass characteristics
17(20)
2.1 Criterion of expressing biomass composition
17(3)
2.2 Biomass composition -- proximate analysis
20(1)
2.3 Biomass composition -- ultimate analysis
21(1)
2.4 Biochemical biomass composition
22(15)
2.4.1 Characteristic of structural components in biomass
22(6)
2.4.2 Lignin isolation from biomass and its characterization
28(9)
3 Biomass feedstock for biofuels production
37(26)
Katarzyna Bulkowska
Artur Pawlowski
1 Introduction
37(1)
2 Biomass feedstock for the first and next generation biofuels production
38(3)
3 Biomass feedstock for the second and third generation bioethanol production
41(8)
3.1 Lignocellulosic biomass
41(8)
3.1.1 Biomass from short-rotation forestry
41(3)
3.1.2 Perennial herbaceous energy crops
44(3)
3.1.3 Residues and waste
47(2)
3.2 Algae biomass
49(1)
4 Biomass feedstock for the second and third generation biodiesel production
49(14)
4.1 Non-edible oil seed
49(3)
4.2 Spent oil and animal fats
52(1)
4.3 Algae biomass
52(11)
4 Outlook for advanced biofuels
63(32)
Katarzyna Bulkowska
Ewa Klimiuk
Artur Pawlowski
1 Introduction
63(1)
2 Thermal processes
64(6)
2.1 Biofuels from syngas
64(3)
2.2 Pyrolysis
67(3)
3 Microbial biofuels production
70(8)
3.1 Metabolic pathways as criterion classification of advanced biofuels
70(1)
3.2 Production of alcohols via fermentative pathways
70(5)
3.3 Production of alcohols via non-fermentative pathways
75(1)
3.4 Fatty acid-based biofuels
76(1)
3.5 Isoprenoid-based biofuels
76(2)
4 Olechemical processes
78(2)
5 Hybrid processes
80(1)
6 Properties and usage of advanced biofuels
81(14)
6.1 Gasoline and alternative biofuels
81(1)
6.2 Diesel and alternative biofuels
82(2)
6.3 Jet fuel and alternative biofuels
84(11)
5 Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into sugars: the effect of the structure of lignocellulose
95(26)
Katarzyna Bulkowska
Ewa Klimiuk
Tomasz Pokoj
Artur Pawlowski
1 Introduction
95(1)
2 Recalcitrance nature of plant cell walls
96(2)
3 Resistance of main components of lignocellulose
98(23)
3.1 Cellulose
98(5)
3.1.1 Structure of cellulose
98(2)
3.1.2 Effect of crystallinity
100(2)
3.1.3 Degree of cellulose polymerization
102(1)
3.1.4 Accessible surface area
102(1)
3.2 Hemicelluloses
103(6)
3.2.1 Hemicelluloses as a barrier for accessibility of cellulose
103(1)
3.2.2 Effect of acetyl groups
104(2)
3.2.3 Stability of lignin-carbohydrate bonds
106(1)
3.2.4 Stability of lignin-carbohydrate complexes
107(2)
3.3 Lignin
109(12)
3.3.1 Resistance of lignin to biodegradation
109(1)
3.3.2 Lignin as a barrier for accessibility of cellulose
110(11)
6 Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass
121(34)
Katarzyna Bulkowska
Ewa Klimiuk
1 Introduction
121(1)
2 Mechanical method: milling
121(1)
3 Chemical methods
122(17)
3.1 Pretreatment with dilute acids
122(6)
3.1.1 Operational condition of acid hydrolysis
122(4)
3.1.2 Reactors
126(2)
3.2 Pretreatment with alkaline
128(3)
3.3 Organosolv fractination
131(3)
3.4 Oxidative delignification
134(1)
3.5 Ionic liquids
135(4)
3.5.1 Pretreatment of biomass -- dissolution of cellulose
135(3)
3.5.2 Pretreatment of biomass -- dissolution of lignin
138(1)
3.5.3 Dissolution of biomass in ionic liquid
138(1)
4 Physico-chemical methods
139(16)
7 Fermentative and non-fermentative pathways of butanol and its analogues
155(28)
Tomasz Pokoj
Ewa Klimiuk
1 Introduction
155(1)
2 Butanol production via fermentative pathway
156(15)
2.1 Sugars and starch as substrates
156(3)
2.2 Butanol production from lignocellulosic materials
159(4)
2.2.1 Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP)
161(1)
2.2.2 Inhibitory effect of hydrolysis by-products on clostridia
162(1)
2.3 Engineering pathways to improve butanol production in solventogenic clostridia
163(5)
2.4 Escherichia coli as host for butanol/isopropanol production
168(3)
2.4.1 Butanol
168(2)
2.4.2 Isopropanol
170(1)
3 Non-fermentative alcohol fuels
171(12)
3.1 Production of higher-chain alcohols using the keto acid pathways
171(12)
3.1.1 Propanol and butanol
171(2)
3.1.2 Isobutanol
173(1)
3.1.3 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol
173(10)
About the Authors 183
Katarzyna Bulkowska, Artur Pawlowski