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Biomaterials Science and Tissue Engineering: Principles and Methods [Kõva köide]

(Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 716 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 248x189x35 mm, kaal: 1320 g, Worked examples or Exercises
  • Sari: Cambridge IISc Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Sep-2017
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108415156
  • ISBN-13: 9781108415156
  • Formaat: Hardback, 716 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 248x189x35 mm, kaal: 1320 g, Worked examples or Exercises
  • Sari: Cambridge IISc Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Sep-2017
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108415156
  • ISBN-13: 9781108415156
A comprehensive text in the field of biomaterials science and tissue engineering, covering fundamental principles and methods related to processing-microstructure-property linkages as applied to biomaterials science. Essential concepts and techniques of the cell biology are discussed in detail, with a focus quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating cell-material interaction. It gives detailed discussion on the processing, structure and properties of metals, ceramics and polymers, together with techniques and guidelines. Comprehensive coverage of in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility property evaluation of materials for bone, neural as well as cardiovascular tissue engineering applications, together with representative protocols. Supported by several multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, review questions, numerical problems and solutions to selected problems, this is an ideal text for undergraduate and graduate students in understanding fundamental concepts and the latest developments in the field of biomaterials science.

Arvustused

'This book emphasizes the fundamentals of both Materials and Biological Sciences. On the Materials science front, it contains chapters which provide non-specialists with a fundamental understanding on the conventional and advanced manufacturing techniques as well as mechanical properties. Clearly, the strength of this textbook lies in the clear description of the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility assessment protocols, an asset for non-biologists. The conclusion presents a number of chapters describing case studies, primarily from the author's own research. The number of problem sets and assignments are also important attributes.' Cato T. Laurencin, Chief Executive Officer, Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut 'The book is extremely well structured and every chapter is critical for anyone planning to design medical devices or implants. For example, the inclusion of a chapter on biofilms is a wonderful addition and you will not normally find this in a biomaterials text. For the last thirty years I have been teaching graduate level materials science both in the US and India. This would be a book I would make a mandatory course reference, as I have wanted to include more biological considerations into the standard materials science course.' Shantikumar Nair, Director, Center for Nanosciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University Kochi, India

Muu info

Covers key principles and methodologies of biomaterials science and tissue engineering with the help of numerous case studies.
Foreword xvii
Foreword xix
Preface xxi
Section I Overview
1 Introduction
3(16)
1.1 Background
3(3)
1.2 Defining Key Elements of Biomaterials Science
6(3)
1.3 Interdisciplinary Nature of Biomaterials Science
9(3)
1.4 Defining Biocompatibility and Related Concepts
12(2)
1.5 Implication of Biomaterials Science in Human Healthcare
14(1)
1.6 Relevance of Biomaterials Science to Biomedical Device Development
15(3)
1.7 Closure
18(1)
2 Materials for Biomedical Applications
19(22)
2.1 Conceptual Evolution of Biomaterials
19(3)
2.2 Classification of Biomaterials Based on Biocompatibility and Host Response
22(6)
2.2.1 Biodegradable polymer scaffolds
23(2)
2.2.2 Bioactive glasses and ceramics
25(3)
2.3 Generic Classification of Biomaterials
28(12)
2.3.1 Metallic biomaterials
28(3)
2.3.2 Bioceramics
31(1)
2.3.3 Biopolymers
32(3)
2.3.4 Biocomposites
35(5)
2.4 Closure
40(1)
3 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Principles and Properties
41(54)
3.1 Introduction
41(2)
3.2 Structure and Properties of Bone
43(1)
3.3 Property Requirements for Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
44(2)
3.4 Overview of Biological and Porous Scaffolds
46(15)
3.4.1 Protein templates
50(6)
3.4.2 Electrospun scaffolds for bone regeneration
56(5)
3.5 Some Routes to Enhance Biocompatibility
61(15)
3.5.1 Surface functionalization of bioceramics
64(6)
3.5.2 Surface functionalization of biopolymers
70(4)
3.5.3 Biofunctionalization
74(2)
3.6 Biocompatibility of Patterned/Textured Biomaterial Surfaces
76(14)
3.6.1 Topographical structuring
76(1)
3.6.2 Chemical patterning
76(2)
3.6.3 Influence of surface topography on surface energy
78(2)
3.6.4 Cell responses to material surfaces
80(8)
3.6.5 Protein adsorption and its role in cell responses
88(1)
3.6.6 Biophysical constraints of osteoblast and surface interaction
89(1)
3.7 Closure
90(5)
Section II Fundamentals - Materials Science
4 Conventional and Advanced Manufacturing of Biomaterials
95(49)
4.1 Conventional Manufacturing of Metallic Biomaterials
95(18)
4.1.1 Casting
96(3)
4.1.2 Bulk deformation processes
99(7)
4.1.3 Metal joining processes
106(3)
4.1.4 Machining processes
109(3)
4.1.5 Heat treatment
112(1)
4.2 Processing of Ceramics
113(9)
4.2.1 Sintering mechanism
114(2)
4.2.2 Conventional processing of ceramics
116(3)
4.2.3 Advanced processing of ceramics
119(3)
4.3 Consolidation and Shaping of Polymers
122(4)
4.3.1 Extrusion and melt compounding
123(1)
4.3.2 Compression moulding
124(1)
4.3.3 Injection moulding
125(1)
4.4 Patient-specific Implant/Scaffold Fabrication using Additive Manufacturing
126(17)
4.4.1 3D powder printing
132(6)
4.4.2 3D plotting
138(2)
4.4.3 Post-processing
140(3)
4.5 Closure
143(1)
5 Probing Structure of Materials at Multiple Length Scales
144(40)
5.1 Introduction
144(1)
5.2 Spectroscopic Analysis
145(9)
5.2.1 Infrared spectroscopy
146(5)
5.2.2 Raman spectroscopy
151(3)
5.3 Crystal Structure and Compositional Analysis
154(7)
5.3.1 X-ray diffraction
154(3)
5.3.2 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
157(4)
5.4 Imaging Techniques for Microstructure Characterization
161(11)
5.4.1 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
161(3)
5.4.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
164(4)
5.4.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
168(4)
5.5 3D Structural Characterization using X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT)
172(3)
5.6 Electrical Characterization
175(2)
5.6.1 Electrical impedence spectroscopy
175(2)
5.7 Magnetic Characterization
177(5)
5.7.1 Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM)
177(3)
5.7.2 Mossbauer spectroscopy
180(2)
5.8 Closure
182(2)
6 Mechanical Properties: Principles and Assessment
184(41)
6.1 Conceptual Understanding of Stress and Strain
184(6)
6.2 Stress-Strain Response of Metals
190(3)
6.3 Tensile Deformation Behaviour
193(2)
6.4 Strengthening of Metals
195(4)
6.5 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics
199(5)
6.6 Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Biomaterials
204(2)
6.7 Experimental Assessment of Mechanical Properties
206(12)
6.7.1 Metals
206(1)
6.7.2 Ceramics
207(11)
6.7.3 Polymers
218(1)
6.8 Practical Guidelines for the Experimental Measurements
218(2)
6.8.1 Hardness
218(1)
6.8.2 Strength
219(1)
6.8.3 Fracture toughness
219(1)
6.8.4 Elastic modulus
219(1)
6.9 Closure
220(5)
Section III Fundamentals - Biological Science
7 Cells, Proteins and Nucleic Acids: Structure and Properties
225(35)
7.1 Introduction
225(2)
7.2 Protein: Structure and Characteristics
227(3)
7.2.1 Primary structure
229(1)
7.2.2 Secondary structure
229(1)
7.2.3 Tertiary structure
230(1)
7.2.4 Quaternary structure
230(1)
7.3 Protein-Protein Interaction
230(2)
7.4 Cell
232(11)
7.4.1 Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
233(2)
7.4.2 Structural details of a eukaryotic cell
235(8)
7.5 Structure of Nucleic Acids
243(4)
7.5.1 Structure of DNA
244(2)
7.5.2 Structure of RNA
246(1)
7.6 Transcription and Translation Process
247(1)
7.7 Stem Cell and Other Cell Types
248(5)
7.8 Cellular Adaptation
253(2)
7.8.1 Atrophy
253(1)
7.8.2 Hypertrophy
253(1)
7.8.3 Hyperplasia
254(1)
7.8.4 Dysplasia
254(1)
7.8.5 Metaplasia
254(1)
7.8.6 Cell shape change
254(1)
7.9 Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
255(2)
7.9.1 ECM composition
256(1)
7.9.2 ECM properties
257(1)
7.10 Tissue
257(2)
7.11 Closure
259(1)
8 Cell-Material Interaction and Biocompatibility
260(47)
8.1 Introduction
260(1)
8.2 Biophysical Processes Involved in Biocompatibility
261(6)
8.2.1 Cell-material interaction
262(3)
8.2.2 Cell adhesion and cell morphological changes
265(2)
8.3 Cell Signalling Mechanism
267(9)
8.3.1 Soluble signals
267(2)
8.3.2 Classification of signalling mechanisms
269(1)
8.3.3 Quantitative analysis of cell signalling
270(2)
8.3.4 Intracellular signalling mechanism
272(2)
8.3.5 Intracellular signalling proteins
274(2)
8.4 Eukaryotic Cell Fate Processes
276(5)
8.4.1 Cell differentiation
276(1)
8.4.2 Cell migration
277(2)
8.4.3 Cell division
279(1)
8.4.4 Cell death
279(2)
8.5 Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Cell Morphological Changes
281(11)
8.5.1 Some fundamentals
281(2)
8.5.2 Fluorescence microscopy
283(4)
8.5.3 Confocal microscopy
287(5)
8.6 Illustrative Results of Cell Fate Processes
292(6)
8.6.1 Effect of matrix stiffness on stem cell behaviour
293(2)
8.6.2 Effect of surface engineering on stem cell behaviour
295(2)
8.6.3 Substrate conductivity dependent stem cell fate
297(1)
8.7 Host Response
298(7)
8.7.1 Consequences of the host response to biomaterials
299(5)
8.7.2 Consequences of the foreign body response
304(1)
8.7.3 Strategies to overcome the foreign body response
305(1)
8.8 Closure
305(2)
9 Probing Cell Response, in vitro
307(48)
9.1 Introduction
307(4)
9.2 Assessment of Cytocompatibility
311(5)
9.2.1 MTT assay
312(2)
9.2.2 Alamar blue assay 313'
9.2.3 WST-1 assay
314(1)
9.2.4 Calcein AM cytotoxicity assay
314(1)
9.2.5 LDH assay
314(1)
9.2.6 Picogreen assay
315(1)
9.3 Immunofluorescence Techniques
316(2)
9.3.1 Direct immunofluorescence (DIF)
317(1)
9.3.2 Indirect immunofluorescence
317(1)
9.4 Flow Cytometry
318(7)
9.4.1 Quantifying FACS data
320(1)
9.4.2 Flow cytometry analysis of cell fate processes
321(4)
9.5 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
325(6)
9.6 Biological Assays for Osteogenic Differentiation
331(5)
9.6.1 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay
331(2)
9.6.2 Osteocalcin assay
333(1)
9.6.3 Runt Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) assay
334(1)
9.6.4 Osteopontin assay
335(1)
9.7 Biological Assays for Myogenic Differentiation
336(2)
9.8 Biological Assays for Cardiogenic Differentiation
338(2)
9.9 Biological Assays for Neurogenic Differentiation
340(1)
9.10 Cell Culture Laboratory-Testing, Safety and Ethical Issues
341(12)
9.10.1 Good laboratory practice
342(3)
9.10.2 Cell culture maintenance
345(2)
9.10.3 Safety Considerations
347(3)
9.10.4 Ethical Considerations
350(3)
9.11 Closure
353(2)
10 Bacterial Growth and Biofilm Formation
355(24)
10.1 Introduction
355(1)
10.2 Generic Description of Bacterial Cell Structure
356(1)
10.3 Classification of Bacteria
357(3)
10.3.1 Classification based on shape
358(1)
10.3.2 Classification based on energy of metabolism
358(1)
10.3.3 Classification based on Gram staining
358(2)
10.3.4 Classification based on food/nutrient source
360(1)
10.4 Bacterial-material Interaction
360(5)
10.4.1 Thermodynamics of bacterial adhesion
361(1)
10.4.2 Different factors influencing bacterial adhesion
362(3)
10.5 Bacteria Growth
365(2)
10.5.1 Lag phase
366(1)
10.5.2 Exponential (log) phase
366(1)
10.5.3 Stationary phase
367(1)
10.5.4 Death phase
367(1)
10.6 Biofilm Formation
367(2)
10.7 Experimental Assessment of Antibacterial Properties, in vitro
369(6)
10.7.1 Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
369(1)
10.7.2 Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
370(1)
10.7.3 Disc agar diffusion (DAD)/Zone of inhibition (ZOI) assay
370(1)
10.7.4 Colony forming units (CFU) assay
371(1)
10.7.5 Inner membrane permeabilization/ONPG assay
372(1)
10.7.6 Membrane integrity assays
373(1)
10.7.7 Microbial flow cytometry
373(2)
10.8 Experimental Assessment to Characterize Biofilm
375(1)
10.8.1 Resazurin dye reduction test
375(1)
10.8.2 Total biomass quantification by crystal violet staining
375(1)
10.8.3 Live/dead biofilm imaging
376(1)
10.8.4 Biofilm thickness by optical/fluorescence microscopy
376(1)
10.9 Bacterial Culture Protocol
376(1)
10.10 Guidelines for Antibacterial Testing of Biomaterials
377(1)
10.11 Closure
378(1)
11 Probing Tissue Response, in vivo
379(36)
11.1 Introduction
379(2)
11.2 Tissue Compatibility Assessment
381(13)
11.2.1 Animal testing and tissue compatibility laboratory
383(2)
11.2.2 Selection of animal model
385(1)
11.2.3 Bone implantation experiments
386(1)
11.2.4 Preparation of tissue samples for histological analysis
387(5)
11.2.5 Qualitative and quantitative assessment of tissue compatibility
392(2)
11.3 Ethical Issues
394(4)
11.3.1 Conditions for using animals for biomedical research
396(1)
11.3.2 Elements of the animal study
397(1)
11.4 Illustrative Examples of Animal Experiments on Biomaterials
398(12)
11.4.1 Bone implantation in rabbit animal model
399(3)
11.4.2 Toxicity assessment of biomaterial nanoparticulates, in vivo
402(2)
11.4.3 Subcutaneous implantation of biodegradable polymer in mice model
404(2)
11.4.4 Drug delivery via biodegradable polymer for colon cancer xenografts
406(2)
11.4.5 Peripheral nerve regeneration in rat model
408(1)
11.4.6 Cardiac tissue regeneration with cardiac patch
409(1)
11.5 Design of Pre-clinical Study with Biomaterials
410(2)
11.6 Closure
412(3)
Section IV Illustrative Examples of Biomaterials Development
12 Case Study: Corrosion and Wear of Selected Ti-alloys
415(17)
12.1 Introduction
415(2)
12.2 Corrosion Behaviour of a Few Ti-alloys, in vitro
417(3)
12.3 Corrosion Behaviour of Novel TiSiC Alloy
420(6)
12.4 Bio-mineralization of Novel TiSiC Alloy in SBF
426(3)
12.5 Friction and Wear of Ti-alloys in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution
429(2)
12.6 Closure
431(1)
13 Case Study: Calcium Phosphate-Mullite Composites
432(23)
13.1 Introduction
433(1)
13.2 Sintering Reactions and HA Stability
434(3)
13.2.1 HA stability
434(3)
13.3 Mullite Dependent Enhancement of Flexural and Compressive Strength
437(2)
13.4 Cytocompatibility Properties, in vitro
439(5)
13.4.1 Influence of bulk composition and microstructure on cytocompatibility
442(1)
13.4.2 Osteoconduction and biochemical markers of bone turnover
442(2)
13.5 Cyto/Genotoxicity of Particle Eluates, in vitro
444(7)
13.5.1 Genotoxicity assay methodology
445(1)
13.5.2 Genotoxicity results
446(3)
13.5.3 Analysis of compositional dependent DNA damage behaviour
449(2)
13.6 Tissue Compatibility, in vivo
451(2)
13.7 Closure
453(2)
14 Case Study: Compression Moulded HDPE-based Hybrid Biocomposites
455(11)
14.1 Introduction
455(2)
14.2 Physical Properties
457(2)
14.3 Cytocompatibility Property
459(2)
14.4 Live/Dead Staining of Cells Treated with Finer Eluates
461(1)
14.5 in vivo Biocompatibility Property
462(3)
14.6 Closure
465(1)
15 Case Study: Phase Stability, Bactericidal and Cytocompatibility of HA-Ag
466(15)
15.1 Introduction
466(2)
15.2 Structural Stability of Wet Chemically Synthesized Ag-doped HA
468(2)
15.3 Electrical Conductivity of Wet Chemically Synthesized Ag-doped HA
470(3)
15.4 in vitro Biocompatibility Property of Chemically Doped HA
473(4)
15.4.1 Bactericidal property
473(1)
15.4.2 Cell proliferation
474(3)
15.5 in vitro Biocompatibility of Ball Milled and Sintered HA-Ag
477(3)
15.6 Closure
480(1)
16 Case Study: HA-CaTiO3 based Multifunctional Composites
481(15)
16.1 Introduction
481(2)
16.2 CaTiO3 Dependent Toughness Enhancement
483(3)
16.3 Electrical Conductivity Property
486(1)
16.4 Substrate Conductivity Dependent Muscle Cell Proliferation/Differentiation, in vitro
487(4)
16.5 Osseointegration in Rabbit Model
491(3)
16.6 Closure
494(2)
17 Case Study: Compatibility of Neuronal/Cardiac Cells with Patterned Substrates
496(20)
17.1 Introduction
496(4)
17.2 Neuronal Cell Adaptability on Textured Carbon Substrates
500(6)
17.2.1 Neuroblastoma cell functionality on patterned carbon surfaces with microstripes
501(2)
17.2.2 Schwann cell functionality on fibrous and flat amorphous carbon scaffolds
503(2)
17.2.3 Schwann cell functionality on square and circular patterns
505(1)
17.3 Implications of Neuronal Cell Adaptability on Patterned Carbon Substrates
506(2)
17.4 Cardiac Tissue-specific Cell Proliferation on PLGA-Carbon Nanofiber Substrates
508(6)
17.5 Implications of Cardiomyocyte Cell Proliferation
514(1)
17.6 Closure
515(1)
18 Perspectives
516(11)
18.1 Integrated Understanding of Biomaterials Development
516(1)
18.2 Unified Approach of Biocompatibility
517(2)
18.3 Patient-specific Implants
519(1)
18.4 Design and Smart Fabrication of Implantable Biomaterials
520(2)
18.5 Adopting a Systems Biology Related Approach
522(1)
18.6 Translational Challenges and Involvement of Clinicians
523(1)
18.7 Education and Training of Next Generation Researchers
524(3)
Appendix A 527(47)
I Multiple choice questions
527(22)
II Fill in the blanks with most appropriate answer
549(6)
III True/False statements
555(3)
IV Match the following
558(1)
V Diagram identification
559(4)
VI Short answer type
563(5)
VII Analytical problems
568(1)
VIII Descriptive type questions
569(5)
Appendix B 574(11)
Key Answers
574(11)
References 585(68)
Index 653(10)
Colour Plates 663
Bikramjit Basu is Professor at the Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. He received his Ph.D. from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium in March 2001. His research spans to areas of biomaterials science, biophysics, ceramics and tribological science with applications in key areas, including reconstructive surgery involved in orthopedics and external field induced ex-vivo tissue formation. He has published more than 150 peer-reviewed research papers with 20 papers in the Journal of American Ceramic Society. In recognition of his contributions to the field of ceramic and biomaterials science, he received noteworthy awards from the Indian National Science Academy (2005), Metallurgist of the Year award (2010) from the Ministry of Steel, Government of India and lately, NASI-Scopus Young Scientist Award, 2010 from Elsevier. He is the first and only Indian to date to receive the prestigious Robert L. Coble Award for Young Scholars from the American Ceramic Society in 2008.