Preface |
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vii | |
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1 Introduction to Biostatistics |
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1 | (17) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Basic Concepts and Definitions |
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2 | (3) |
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1.3 Measurement and Measurement Scales |
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5 | (2) |
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1.4 Sampling and Statistical Inference |
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7 | (6) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5 The Scientific Method |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.6 Computers and Technology |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (39) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (8) |
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25 | (4) |
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2.4 Measures of Central Tendency |
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29 | (5) |
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2.5 Measures of Dispersion |
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34 | (9) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (8) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (6) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 2 |
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51 | (2) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (1) |
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3 Some Basic Probability Concepts |
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57 | (23) |
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57 | (1) |
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3.2 Two Views of Probability: Objective and Subjective |
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58 | (2) |
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3.3 Elementary Properties of Probability |
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60 | (1) |
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3.4 Calculating the Probability of an Event |
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61 | (8) |
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68 | (1) |
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3.5 Bayes' Theorem, Screening Tests, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value Positive and Negative |
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69 | (5) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (6) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 3 |
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75 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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76 | (3) |
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79 | (1) |
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4 Probability Distributions |
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80 | (39) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.2 Probability Distributions of Discrete Variables |
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81 | (6) |
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86 | (1) |
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4.3 The Binomial Distribution |
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87 | (9) |
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95 | (1) |
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4.4 The Poisson Distribution |
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96 | (5) |
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100 | (1) |
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4.5 Continuous Probability Distributions |
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101 | (2) |
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4.6 The Normal Distribution |
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103 | (6) |
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109 | (1) |
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4.7 Normal Distribution Applications |
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109 | (5) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (5) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 4 |
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114 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (2) |
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5 Some Important Sampling Distributions |
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119 | (70) |
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119 | (1) |
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5.2 Sampling Distributions |
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120 | (1) |
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5.3 Distribution of the Sample Mean |
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121 | (8) |
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128 | (1) |
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5.4 Distribution of the Difference Between Two Sample Means |
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129 | (5) |
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133 | (1) |
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5.5 Distribution of the Sample Proportion |
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134 | (3) |
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136 | (1) |
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5.6 Distribution of the Difference Between Two Sample Proportions |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (5) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 5 |
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140 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (3) |
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144 | (3) |
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6.2 Confidence Interval for a Population Mean |
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147 | (6) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (5) |
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157 | (1) |
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6.4 Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Means |
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158 | (7) |
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164 | (1) |
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6.5 Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion |
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165 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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6.6 Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions |
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167 | (2) |
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168 | (1) |
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6.7 Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Means |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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6.8 Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Proportions |
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171 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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6.9 The Chi-Square Distribution and the Confidence Interval for the Variance of a Normally Distributed Population |
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173 | (4) |
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177 | (1) |
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6.10 The F-Distribution and the Confidence Interval for the Ratio of the Variances of Two Normally Distributed Populations |
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177 | (4) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (8) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 6 |
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182 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (78) |
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190 | (10) |
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7.2 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Mean |
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200 | (13) |
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211 | (2) |
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7.3 Hypothesis Testing: The Difference Between Two Population Means |
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213 | (11) |
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221 | (3) |
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224 | (8) |
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229 | (3) |
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7.5 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Proportion |
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232 | (3) |
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234 | (1) |
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7.6 Hypothesis Testing: The Difference Between Two Population Proportions |
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235 | (3) |
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236 | (2) |
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7.7 Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Variance |
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238 | (3) |
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240 | (1) |
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7.8 Hypothesis Testing: The Ratio of Two Population Variances |
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241 | (4) |
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244 | (1) |
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7.9 The Type II Error and the Power of a Test |
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245 | (4) |
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249 | (1) |
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7.10 Determining Sample Size to Control Type II Errors |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (16) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 7 |
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252 | (2) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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254 | (10) |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (87) |
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268 | (3) |
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8.2 The Completely Randomized Design |
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271 | (23) |
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289 | (5) |
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8.3 The Randomized Complete Block Design |
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294 | (11) |
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301 | (4) |
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8.4 The Repeated Measures Design |
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305 | (10) |
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313 | (2) |
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8.5 The Factorial Experiment |
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315 | (14) |
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326 | (3) |
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329 | (25) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 8 |
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329 | (2) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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331 | (19) |
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350 | (4) |
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9 Simple Linear Regression and Correlation |
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354 | (101) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
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9.3 The Sample Regression Equation |
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357 | (9) |
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364 | (2) |
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9.4 Evaluating the Regression Equation |
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366 | (14) |
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380 | (1) |
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9.5 Using the Regression Equation |
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380 | (4) |
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384 | (1) |
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9.6 The Correlation Model |
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384 | (2) |
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9.7 The Correlation Coefficient |
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386 | (11) |
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394 | (3) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (19) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 9 |
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399 | (14) |
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Review Questions and Exercises, References |
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413 | (4) |
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417 | (1) |
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10.2 The Multiple Linear Regression Model |
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417 | (1) |
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10.3 Obtaining the Multiple Regression Equation |
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418 | (9) |
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423 | (4) |
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10.4 Evaluating the Multiple Regression Equation |
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427 | (6) |
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433 | (1) |
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10.5 Using the Multiple Regression Equation |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (1) |
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10.6 The Multiple Correlation Model |
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435 | (11) |
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443 | (3) |
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446 | (9) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 10 |
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447 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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448 | (6) |
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454 | (1) |
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11 Regression Analysis: Some Additional Techniques |
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455 | (64) |
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455 | (4) |
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11.2 Qualitative Independent Variables |
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459 | (15) |
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472 | (2) |
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11.3 Variable Selection Procedures |
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474 | (11) |
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478 | (7) |
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485 | (12) |
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495 | (2) |
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497 | (7) |
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503 | (1) |
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504 | (15) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 11 |
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505 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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506 | (11) |
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517 | (2) |
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12 The Chi-Square Distribution and the Analysis of Frequencies |
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519 | (60) |
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520 | (1) |
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12.2 The Mathematical Properties of the Chi-Square Distribution |
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520 | (3) |
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12.3 Tests of Goodness-of-Fit |
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523 | (12) |
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533 | (2) |
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12.4 Tests of Independence |
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535 | (10) |
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544 | (1) |
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12.5 Tests of Homogeneity |
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545 | (7) |
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551 | (1) |
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12.6 The Fisher's Exact Test |
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552 | (5) |
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557 | (1) |
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12.7 Relative Risk, Odds Ratio, and the Mantel-Haenszel Statistic |
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557 | (12) |
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567 | (2) |
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569 | (10) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 12 |
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570 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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571 | (5) |
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576 | (3) |
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13 Nonparametric and distribution-free statistics |
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579 | (67) |
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580 | (1) |
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581 | (1) |
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581 | (8) |
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588 | (1) |
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13.4 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Location |
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589 | (5) |
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593 | (1) |
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594 | (3) |
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596 | (1) |
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13.6 The Mann-Whitney Test |
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597 | (7) |
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602 | (2) |
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13.7 The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit Test |
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604 | (6) |
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610 | (1) |
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13.8 The Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks |
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610 | (8) |
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615 | (3) |
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13.9 The Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks |
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618 | (5) |
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622 | (1) |
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13.10 The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient |
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623 | (8) |
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629 | (2) |
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13.11 Nonparametric Regression Analysis |
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631 | (3) |
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634 | (1) |
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634 | (12) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 13 |
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635 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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636 | (8) |
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644 | (2) |
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646 | (25) |
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647 | (1) |
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14.2 Time-to-Event Data and Censoring |
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647 | (4) |
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14.3 The Kaplan-Meier Procedure |
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651 | (7) |
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656 | (2) |
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14.4 Comparing Survival Curves |
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658 | (5) |
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661 | (2) |
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14.5 Cox Regression: The Proportional Hazards Model |
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663 | (4) |
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666 | (1) |
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667 | (4) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 14 |
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667 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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668 | (1) |
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669 | (2) |
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671 | (18) |
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671 | (1) |
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15.2 Death Rates and Ratios |
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672 | (7) |
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677 | (2) |
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15.3 Measures of Fertility |
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679 | (3) |
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681 | (1) |
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15.4 Measures of Morbidity |
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682 | (1) |
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683 | (1) |
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683 | (6) |
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Summary of Formulas for Chapter 15 |
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684 | (1) |
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Review Questions and Exercises |
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685 | (1) |
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686 | (3) |
Index |
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689 | |