Preface |
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xv | |
To the Writer |
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xx | |
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PART I BEGINNING RESEARCH |
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2 | (42) |
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Starting Your Research Project |
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4 | (10) |
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Think of yourself as a researcher and writer |
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5 | (1) |
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Size up your assignment carefully |
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5 | (2) |
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Focus On . . . Collaboration |
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8 | |
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Establish the hard points of your project |
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7 | (2) |
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Define the stages of your project |
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9 | (1) |
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Assess your strengths and weaknesses |
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10 | (1) |
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Create a schedule for your project |
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11 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (9) |
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Find a topic in your world |
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15 | (1) |
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Connect your topic to a wider community |
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16 | (1) |
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Browse the library in your topic area |
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17 | (3) |
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Focus On . . . Finding a Topic |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (8) |
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24 | (1) |
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Consider the topic as a question of fact |
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24 | (1) |
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Consider the topic as a question of definition |
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25 | (1) |
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Consider the topic as a question of value |
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26 | (1) |
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Consider the topic as a question of cause and effect |
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27 | (1) |
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Consider the topic as a question of consequence |
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28 | (3) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Planning Your Research Strategy |
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31 | (13) |
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32 | (1) |
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Focus your topic choice carefully |
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33 | (1) |
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Identify the information your project requires |
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33 | (4) |
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37 | (1) |
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Determine where to locate the information your project requires |
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37 | (1) |
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Review library catalogs, databases, and Web directories |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Prepare a research proposal or prospectus |
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39 | (5) |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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PART II GATHERING IDEAS AND INFORMATION |
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44 | (54) |
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46 | (18) |
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47 | (1) |
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Use library catalogs efficiently |
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47 | (1) |
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Locate the reference room |
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48 | (1) |
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Locate suitable bibliographies |
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49 | (2) |
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Locate suitable periodical databases or indexes |
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51 | (4) |
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Focus On . . . Electronic Databases |
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56 | |
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Consult biographical resources |
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55 | (1) |
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Consult guides to reference works |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (2) |
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Check special collections |
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61 | (1) |
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Consult government documents |
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61 | (1) |
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Check book and film reviews |
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62 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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Locating Online Resources |
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64 | (15) |
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Find the most useful search engines |
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64 | (1) |
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Understand how a simple keyword search works |
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65 | (2) |
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Refine your search with Boolean operators |
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67 | (1) |
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Truncate terms to extend your search |
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68 | (1) |
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Refine your search with exact phrases |
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69 | (2) |
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Use more than one search engine or database |
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71 | (2) |
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Evaluate your electronic search |
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73 | (1) |
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Keep a record of your search |
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74 | (1) |
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Join in electronic conversations |
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74 | (2) |
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Focus On . . . Listserv Etiquette |
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Write or email professional organizations |
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76 | (3) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Conducting Field Research |
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79 | (9) |
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80 | (1) |
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Focus On . . . Ethics in Field Research |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (3) |
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Make systematic observations |
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84 | (4) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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Keeping Track of Information |
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88 | (10) |
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Organize and safeguard your materials |
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88 | (1) |
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Prepare a working bibliography |
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89 | (3) |
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Focus On . . . Citing Databases Correctly |
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91 | (1) |
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Prepare an annotated bibliography |
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92 | (3) |
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Sample Annotated Bibliography |
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93 | (2) |
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Make copies of important sources |
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95 | (1) |
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Back up your work frequently |
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95 | (3) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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PART III WORKING WITH SOURCES |
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98 | (54) |
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Understanding Academic Responsibility and Avoiding Plagiarism |
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100 | (8) |
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Understand the ethics of research |
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100 | (1) |
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Avoid intentional and unintentional plagiarism |
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101 | (2) |
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Focus On . . . Avoiding Plagiarism |
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103 | (1) |
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Understand the special nature of collaborative projects |
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103 | (1) |
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Understand intellectual property rights |
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104 | (1) |
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Understand the special nature of online resources |
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104 | (1) |
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Using graphics or audio or video files |
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105 | (3) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (10) |
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Consider the relevance of your sources |
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108 | (2) |
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Consider the purpose and bias of a source |
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110 | (1) |
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Consider the authority and reputation of a source |
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110 | (2) |
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Focus On . . . Evaluating Web Sites |
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Consider the credentials of experts, authors, and sponsoring agencies |
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112 | (2) |
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Consider the timeliness and stability of a source |
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114 | (1) |
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Consider how well a source presents key information |
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115 | (1) |
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Consider commercial intrusions into a source |
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115 | (1) |
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Consult librarians and instructors |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Consult listservs and Usenet groups |
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116 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Reading and Annotating Sources |
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118 | (5) |
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Highlight key information |
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119 | (1) |
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Use marginal comments to start a dialogue with your sources |
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119 | (4) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Reviewing and Positioning Sources |
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123 | (7) |
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Review data and resources critically |
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123 | (1) |
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Position your research materials |
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124 | (6) |
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Focus On . . . Balanced Arguments |
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125 | (2) |
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Sample Article with Positioning Information and Sample Quotations |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Summarizing and Paraphrasing Sources |
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130 | (8) |
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Choose whether to summarize or paraphrase a source |
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130 | (1) |
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Focus On . . . Summaries and Paraphrases |
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131 | (1) |
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Summarize sources effectively |
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131 | (2) |
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Paraphrase sources effectively |
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133 | (2) |
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Acknowledge all borrowings |
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135 | (3) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (14) |
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Select direct quotations strategically |
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138 | (2) |
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Introduce all direct and indirect borrowings |
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140 | (3) |
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Focus On . . . Quoting from Interviews |
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142 | (1) |
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Integrate graphical elements correctly |
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143 | (1) |
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Handle quotation marks correctly |
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144 | (2) |
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Tailor your quotations to fit your sentences |
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146 | (1) |
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Use ellipses to indicate omissions |
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146 | (2) |
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Use square brackets to add necessary information to a quotation |
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148 | (1) |
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Use [ sic] to acknowledge errors in sources |
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148 | (1) |
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Present quotations correctly |
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149 | (1) |
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Document the source of all quotations |
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150 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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PART IV DEVELOPING THE PROJECT |
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152 | (50) |
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Reflecting On . . . What You Have |
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154 | (5) |
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Consider whether you need to do more research |
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154 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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Consider whether you have a fair balance of sources and opinions |
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156 | (1) |
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Consider whether you need to revise your purpose |
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156 | (1) |
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Consider whether you need to narrow your focus |
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157 | (2) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (7) |
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Be sure you have a point to make |
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159 | (1) |
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Grab your reader's attention |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (5) |
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Focus On . . . Refining Your Topic Using Indexes and Tables of Contents |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (12) |
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Create a blueprint for your project |
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167 | (1) |
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Consider general patterns of organization |
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168 | (6) |
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Focus On . . . Low-Tech Cutting and Pasting |
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174 | (1) |
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Accommodate dissenting voices |
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174 | (1) |
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Follow professional templates |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (13) |
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Prepare a version of your project early |
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178 | (1) |
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Draft your project for an audience |
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178 | (1) |
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Present your material thoroughly |
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179 | (2) |
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Write a strong introduction and conclusion |
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181 | (4) |
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Sample Introduction and Conclusion for a Research Project |
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182 | (3) |
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Make connections and use transitions |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (5) |
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Focus On . . . Writing Centers |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Revising Your Project and Reviewing Documentation |
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191 | (11) |
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Review your project's content and focus |
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191 | (2) |
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Evaluate the organization of your project |
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193 | (1) |
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Provide a source for every direct quotation |
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194 | (1) |
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Provide a source for all paraphrased material |
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194 | (2) |
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Focus On . . . Citing Sources Responsibly |
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195 | (1) |
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Document all ideas not from common knowledge |
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196 | (1) |
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Document information from field research |
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196 | (1) |
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Document all material that might be questioned |
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197 | (1) |
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Furnish source information for all graphics, audio files, and other borrowings |
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197 | (1) |
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Furnish dates and other useful information |
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198 | (1) |
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Use links to document electronic sources |
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198 | (1) |
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Include all the parts your project requires |
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199 | (3) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (2) |
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PART V PRESENTING YOUR RESEARCH |
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202 | (56) |
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204 | (17) |
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Consider the formats your project might take |
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204 | (1) |
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Understand the principles of document design |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (9) |
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Focus On . . . Creating Graphics and Visuals |
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215 | (2) |
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Organize Web projects logically |
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217 | (1) |
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Submit your project professionally |
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217 | (4) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Preparing Oral and Visual Presentations |
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221 | (10) |
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Designing oral and visual presentations |
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221 | (3) |
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Drafting oral and visual presentations |
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224 | (3) |
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Delivering oral and visual presentations |
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227 | (1) |
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Focus On . . . Mastering Oral Communication |
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228 | (1) |
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Considering special situations |
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228 | (3) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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Presenting Research in Many Genres |
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231 | (27) |
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Presenting your research in different genres |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (8) |
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235 | (5) |
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Newsletters and brochures |
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240 | (3) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | |
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243 | (15) |
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245 | (11) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (145) |
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260 | (36) |
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How do you use COS documentation? |
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260 | (4) |
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COS form directory---Humanities (MLA) |
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264 | (14) |
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Sample COS pages---Humanities (MLA) |
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278 | (3) |
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COS form directory---Sciences (APA) |
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281 | (12) |
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Sample COS pages---Sciences (APA) |
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293 | (3) |
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296 | (39) |
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How do you use MLA documentation? |
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296 | (5) |
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301 | (21) |
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322 | (13) |
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335 | (38) |
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How do you use APA documentation? |
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335 | (7) |
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342 | (12) |
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354 | (19) |
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373 | (22) |
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373 | (3) |
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376 | (3) |
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379 | (8) |
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387 | (8) |
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395 | (8) |
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Provide in-text citations |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (6) |
Credits |
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403 | (4) |
Index |
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407 | (21) |
Glossary of Computer Terms |
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428 | |