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1 Introduction to Brewing Science |
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1 | (34) |
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1.1 Science and the Brewer |
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1 | (2) |
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1.1.1 The Scientific Method |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (3) |
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1.3 Some Common Conventions |
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6 | (6) |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.4 Yes Virginia, Beer Contains Alcohol |
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12 | (3) |
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1.5 A Short History of Beer in the World |
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15 | (6) |
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1.6 History of Beer in the USA |
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21 | (5) |
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1.7 The Current Market for Beer |
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26 | (9) |
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35 | (28) |
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35 | (3) |
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36 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Conforming to a Style |
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36 | (2) |
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2.2 Parameters that Classify a Beer Style |
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38 | (6) |
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2.2.1 Physical Parameters |
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38 | (6) |
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44 | (7) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (4) |
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2.4 Historical Beer Styles |
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51 | (1) |
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2.5 How to Sample and Taste Beer |
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52 | (11) |
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53 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Serving Temperature |
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55 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Sampling and Tasting |
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56 | (7) |
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3 Molecules and Other Matters |
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63 | (32) |
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63 | (7) |
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66 | (4) |
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3.2 Laws that Govern Atoms, Molecules, and Ionic Compounds |
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70 | (4) |
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3.3 The World of Carbon-Containing Molecules |
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74 | (12) |
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3.3.1 Basic Functional Groups in Brewing |
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75 | (6) |
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3.3.2 Amino Acid Polymers |
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81 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Drawing Organic Molecules |
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82 | (2) |
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3.3.4 Naming Organic Molecules |
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84 | (2) |
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3.4 Reactions of Organic Molecules |
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86 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Oxidation and Reduction |
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87 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Condensation Reactions |
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87 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Isomerization Reactions |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (5) |
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4 Overview of the Brewing Process |
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95 | (30) |
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4.1 Overview of the Process |
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95 | (14) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (2) |
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4.1.4 Lautering and Sparging |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (1) |
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4.1.7 Conditioning and Bottling |
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108 | (1) |
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4.2 Cleaning and Sterilizing |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (14) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (4) |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (6) |
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5 The "Food" for the Brew |
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125 | (32) |
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125 | (7) |
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126 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Barley and the Farmer |
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127 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Barley Diseases and Pests |
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129 | (1) |
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5.1.4 Sorting and Grading |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (9) |
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5.2.1 Germination of Barley |
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132 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Equipment Used in Malting |
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135 | (5) |
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5.2.3 Problems Arising from Malting |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (3) |
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5.4 Water---The Most Important Ingredient |
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144 | (13) |
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145 | (4) |
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5.4.2 What Makes up Water? |
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149 | (8) |
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157 | (26) |
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157 | (1) |
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6.2 Equipment Used in Mashing |
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158 | (7) |
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159 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Mash Mixer and Mash Kettles |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Processes in Mashing |
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165 | (1) |
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6.3 Enzymes and What They Are |
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165 | (2) |
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6.4 Chemistry While Resting |
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167 | (16) |
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167 | (6) |
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173 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Proteases and Peptidases |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (5) |
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183 | (44) |
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183 | (1) |
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7.2 Fluid Physics: Static Case |
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184 | (6) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (5) |
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7.3 Fluid Physics: Dynamic Case |
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190 | (25) |
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7.3.1 Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation |
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190 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Bernoulli's Principle and Laminar Flow |
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192 | (3) |
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7.3.3 Pressure and Hydraulic Head |
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195 | (2) |
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7.3.4 Head and Pump Dynamics |
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197 | (8) |
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7.3.5 Darcy's Law and Laminar Flow in Porous Media |
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205 | (10) |
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7.4 Equipment Used in Sparging and Lautering |
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215 | (4) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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7.5 When Do We Stop Sparging? |
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219 | (8) |
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227 | (36) |
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227 | (3) |
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8.2 The Equipment of the Boil |
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230 | (13) |
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231 | (3) |
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234 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Methods for Heating |
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235 | (2) |
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8.2.4 Direct-Fire Vessels |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (2) |
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8.2.6 Other Heating Systems |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (3) |
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243 | (3) |
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8.4 Heat Capacity and Heat Transfer |
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246 | (4) |
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8.4.1 Phase Transition: Boiling |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (13) |
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8.5.1 The Hop Flower Revisited |
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250 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Hop Oil Constituents |
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251 | (3) |
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254 | (9) |
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263 | (50) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (8) |
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265 | (7) |
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9.3 Equipment Used in Fermentation |
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272 | (27) |
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273 | (21) |
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9.3.2 Fermenters, CCV, and Round Squares |
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294 | (5) |
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299 | (14) |
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300 | (2) |
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302 | (5) |
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307 | (6) |
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313 | (18) |
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313 | (9) |
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10.1.1 Secondary Fermentation |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (3) |
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318 | (4) |
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10.2 Equipment Used in Conditioning |
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322 | (9) |
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10.2.1 The Conditioning Tank |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (8) |
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331 | (28) |
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331 | (1) |
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11.2 Carbonation and Other Gases |
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331 | (7) |
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11.2.1 Pressure Loss in Transferring Liquids |
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332 | (3) |
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11.2.2 Other Gases Used in "Carbonation" |
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335 | (3) |
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338 | (11) |
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338 | (8) |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (10) |
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11.4.1 Tunnel Pasteurization |
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352 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Flash Pasteurization |
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353 | (2) |
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11.4.3 Other Methods of Pasteurization |
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355 | (4) |
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12 Quality Assurance and Quality Control |
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359 | (20) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (7) |
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12.2.1 Safety in the Brewery |
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361 | (6) |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (8) |
Appendix A Math for the Brewer |
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379 | (12) |
Appendix B R134a Refrigerant Data |
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391 | (14) |
Index |
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405 | |