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Building-Integrated Solar Energy Systems [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 588 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 1179 g, 87 Tables, black and white; 386 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 149872776X
  • ISBN-13: 9781498727761
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Building-Integrated Solar Energy SystemsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 588 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 1179 g, 87 Tables, black and white; 386 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 149872776X
  • ISBN-13: 9781498727761
Teised raamatud teemal:
Teised raamatud sellest sooduspakkumisest: Taylor & Francis teadusraamatud International Student Editions hindadega
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781498727761.html
Märksõnad:

This book presents techniques for building and optimizing structures with integrated solar energy systems. It describes active solar systems such as photovoltaics and parabolic concentrators as well as passive solar systems and covers optimal materials to use, daylighting, shading, solar blinds, rock and water energy storage and more. It discusses the best ways to site a solar structure considering exposure, elevation, slope, clearance, wind protection, etc. The book includes numerous full-color figures and more than 100 MATLAB® files.

Arvustused

"I feel this book has added richness to the vast array of material available in this fast moving field of knowledge." Tariq Muneer, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland

About the Author xiii
Preface xv
1 Energy Sources, Energy Uses, and Global Warming 1(54)
1.1 History of Fossil Fuels
2(3)
1.2 Composition of Fossil Fuels
5(2)
1.3 Fossil Fuels, Uses and Reserves
7(6)
1.4 Environmental Costs of Fossil Fuels
13(4)
1.5 Energy Usage and Income
17(3)
1.6 Planet Earth
20(1)
1.7 Direct Solar Energy
21(1)
1.8 Indirect Solar Energy
21(8)
1.8.1 Winds of the World
22(1)
1.8.2 Wave Power
23(2)
1.8.3 Hydroelectric Power
25(3)
1.8.4 The Biomass and Biofuel Potential
28(1)
1.9 Other Energy Sources
29(8)
1.9.1 Tidal Power
29(3)
1.9.2 Geothermal Energy
32(2)
1.9.3 Nuclear Power
34(3)
1.10 Energy Use in the United States
37(9)
1.10.1 Energy in the Industrial Sector
37(6)
1.10.2 Transportation in the Modern World
43(2)
1.10.3 The Commercial and Residential Sectors
45(1)
1.10.4 Food Production
45(1)
1.11 Global Warming
46(9)
1.11.1 Greenhouse Gases
46(3)
1.11.2 The Effects of Greenhouse Gases
49(6)
2 The Internal Environment of a Residence 55(32)
2.1 Electrical Use and Its Contribution to Sensible Heat
56(2)
2.2 Human Needs and Demands in a Residence
58(1)
2.3 Temperature Levels
59(1)
2.4 Ventilation Guidelines
60(8)
2.4.1 Air Changes per Hour
61(1)
2.4.2 Air Velocity
62(1)
2.4.3 Relative Humidity
62(2)
2.4.4 Air Infiltration
64(1)
2.4.5 Air Flow through Exterior Doors
65(2)
2.4.6 Respiration and Carbon Dioxide
67(1)
2.5 Heat Recovery Ventilation
68(2)
2.6 Humidity Sources in a Residence
70(1)
2.7 Sick Building Syndrome and VOC Mitigation
71(2)
2.8 Illumination and Daylighting
73(2)
2.9 Domestic Water Usage
75(4)
2.10 Electrical Fixtures and Appliances in a Residence
79(5)
2.10.1 ENERGY STAR Appliances
80(2)
2.10.2 Electrically Generated Lighting
82(2)
2.11 Noise Control
84(1)
2.12 Return on Investment and Service Life
85(2)
3 Heat Flow from a Residence 87(30)
3.1 Thermal Terms
87(3)
3.2 Empirical Nature of Heat Loss Calculations
90(1)
3.3 Fundamentals of Glazing Losses
91(2)
3.4 Heat Flow Across an Air Gap
93(6)
3.5 Thermal Resistance R and Conductance C
99(3)
3.6 Windows
102(5)
3.6.1 Heat Loss Through Windows
103(2)
3.6.2 Spacers and Their Influence on Heat Loss
105(2)
3.7 Heat Losses from a Residence
107(10)
3.7.1 Heat Losses through Walls and Roofs
107(5)
3.7.2 Heat Losses through Structural Integrated Panels
112(1)
3.7.3 Heat Losses from Basements and Foundations
113(4)
4 Residential Construction Techniques 117(48)
4.1 Fire, Civilization, and Simple Dwellings
119(2)
4.2 Construction Techniques for Exterior Walls
121(8)
4.2.1 Wooden Walls
121(2)
4.2.2 The Development of Plywood
123(1)
4.2.3 Bamboo and Other Grasses
124(1)
4.2.4 Stud Wall Construction
125(3)
4.2.5 Structural Integrated Panels
128(1)
4.3 Masonry Walls
129(6)
4.3.1 Brick Wall Construction
129(1)
4.3.2 Poured Concrete Foundations and Walls
130(1)
4.3.3 Concrete Block Walls
131(1)
4.3.4 Rock Construction
132(1)
4.3.5 Earthen Materials
133(1)
4.3.6 Insulated Concrete Formwork
134(1)
4.3.7 The AAC Block Wall
134(1)
4.4 Insulation, Types and Installation Methods
135(6)
4.4.1 Fiberglass Batts
136(1)
4.4.2 Cellulose Insulation
137(1)
4.4.3 Urea Formaldehyde Foam
138(1)
4.4.4 Foam and Foam Board
138(1)
4.4.5 Multi-Layer Radiant Barriers
139(2)
4.4.6 The EIFS Insulation System
141(1)
4.5 Roofs, Construction and Problems
141(4)
4.5.1 Roof Construction Techniques
141(1)
4.5.2 Unwanted Heat and Humidity Flow through Roofs
142(2)
4.5.3 Roof Problems
144(1)
4.6 Sealing and Insulating Basements
145(1)
4.7 Water Damage and Vapor Migration in a Residence
145(3)
4.8 Air Infiltration
148(7)
4.8.1 Air Leakage from Conditioned Spaces
150(2)
4.8.2 Air Leakage around Windows
152(1)
4.8.3 Air Leakage around Electrical Outlets, Switches, and Lights
153(2)
4.9 Energy Codes and Their Effect on Construction Methods
155(4)
4.10 Errors in Energy Codes
159(3)
4.11 Insulation Guidelines and Their Influence on Construction
162(3)
5 The Seasons and Solar Angles 165(44)
5.1 Obliquity and the Seasons
166(1)
5.2 The Importance of Time
167(2)
5.3 Longitude
169(1)
5.4 The Julian Calendar
170(2)
5.5 Geometry of the Ellipse and Kepler
172(3)
5.6 Points, Vectors, and Planes
175(5)
5.7 Rotation of Vectors
180(3)
5.8 The Obliquity Vector
183(5)
5.9 Angle of the Sun on the Earth's Surface
188(4)
5.10 Angle of the Sun on Solar Collectors
192(1)
5.11 The Solar Collection Day
193(4)
5.12 Change in Solar Angle With Time
197(2)
5.13 Seasonal Angles
199(1)
5.14 Equation of Time and Sundials
199(3)
5.15 The Analemma and How to Capture It
202(5)
5.16 Approximating the EoT
207(2)
6 Transmission of Light through the Atmosphere 209(32)
6.1 The Incoming Solar Radiation
210(5)
6.2 Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere
215(4)
6.3 Air Mass and Dimming
219(4)
6.4 Rayleigh Scattering
223(6)
6.5 Mie Scattering
229(1)
6.6 Solar Radiation Measures
230(1)
6.7 Instruments for Measuring Solar Radiation
231(4)
6.7.1 Pyranometers
231(3)
6.7.2 Other Radiation Measurement Instruments
234(1)
6.8 Isotropic and Circumsolar Radiation
235(6)
7 Solar Gain and Solar Attenuation 241(42)
7.1 Solar Fraction and Solar Gain
242(5)
7.2 Albedo and Specularity
247(5)
7.3 Air Temperature, Pressure, and Clouds
252(4)
7.4 Models for Radiation Dispersion in the Atmosphere
256(2)
7.5 Solar Radiation Data for Boston
258(5)
7.6 Clear Sky Radiation Data for U.S. Cities
263(16)
7.7 Solar Radiation Maps of the World
279(4)
8 Transmission of Solar Energy through Glazing 283(32)
8.1 A Brief History of Glass
284(2)
8.2 Transmissivity of Diathermanous Materials to Light
286(4)
8.3 The Polarization of Light
290(1)
8.4 Fresnel's Equations
291(2)
8.5 Extinction Coefficient and Absorptivity of Glass
293(3)
8.6 Transmission, Reflection, and Absorption
296(8)
8.7 Transmission and Absorption for Normal Radiation
304(2)
8.8 Daily Solar Gain through Glazing
306(2)
8.9 Transmissivity through LoE Glass
308(7)
8.9.1 Standard LoE Glass
308(4)
8.9.2 New Generation LoE Glass
312(3)
9 Climate and the Siting of a Solar Structure 315(38)
9.1 The Koppen Climate Classification
317(3)
9.2 Climates Zones by the Number
320(4)
9.3 Monthly Averages for Heating and Cooling
324(8)
9.4 Other Data Sources for HDD and CDD
332(2)
9.5 Southern Exposure
334(2)
9.6 Magnetic Declination
336(1)
9.7 Visibility Distances
337(2)
9.8 Design With Nature
339(3)
9.9 Clearances on Flat Sites
342(6)
9.9.1 Individual Residences
343(3)
9.9.2 Communities of Solar Homes
346(2)
9.10 Clearances on Sloping Sites
348(3)
9.11 Wind Protection
351(2)
10 Solar Structures from Early to Modern 353(26)
10.1 Double Glazing
354(1)
10.2 Historic Use of Solar Heating
355(3)
10.3 Solar Heating for Residences in the United States
358(14)
10.4 Solar Heating for Residences in the Rest of the World
372(3)
10.5 Efficient Building Envelopes
375(2)
10.6 The Passivehaus Design
377(2)
11 Passive Solar Collection 379(38)
11.1 Solar Gain on Vertical Collectors with Non-Zero Yaw Angles
380(10)
11.2 Solar Gain Through Glass
390(3)
11.3 Shading
393(3)
11.4 Absorption of Glass - Not All Is Lost
396(3)
11.5 Solar Blinds
399(3)
11.6 Thermal Storage
402(6)
11.6.1 Direct Storage
402(2)
11.6.2 Rock Storage
404(1)
11.6.3 Trombe Walls
404(2)
11.6.4 Water Storage
406(1)
11.6.5 Eutectic Salts
407(1)
11.7 Solar Stills
408(3)
11.8 Solar Cookers and Ovens
411(4)
11.9 Solar Water Heaters
415(2)
12 Non-Concentrating, Active Solar Collectors 417(18)
12.1 Solar Gain on Sloping Surfaces
418(4)
12.2 Air Collectors
422(1)
12.3 Liquid Carrying Flat Plate Solar Collectors
423(2)
12.3.1 Trickle Type Collectors
423(1)
12.3.2 Closed Loop and Fully Wetted Collectors
424(1)
12.4 Stratified Water Tanks
425(1)
12.5 Selective Absorptivity/Emissivity Surfaces
426(4)
12.5.1 A Statement of the Problem
426(1)
12.5.2 Some Early Results
427(1)
12.5.3 Cermat Surfaces
428(1)
12.5.4 Selective Coating Films
429(1)
12.5.5 Optically Selective Paints and Sprays
430(1)
12.6 The Bread Box Solar Collector
430(1)
12.7 Evacuated Tube Collectors
430(3)
12.8 Heat Pipes
433(2)
13 Photovoltaic Panels 435(22)
13.1 Semiconductor Fundamentals
436(3)
13.2 p-n Junctions
439(1)
13.3 The First Transistors
440(2)
13.4 The Field Effect Transistor
442(1)
13.5 Photovoltaic Cells
443(1)
13.6 Energy in Photons
444(2)
13.7 Responses of First through Third Generation PV Cells
446(5)
13.8 Perovskite Solar Cells
451(2)
13.9 Building Integrated Photovoltaics
453(1)
13.10 Temperature Sensitivity
454(1)
13.11 Concentrating Photovoltaic Arrays
455(2)
14 Smart Grids, FiTs, and Net Metering 457(32)
14.1 History of Electrical Utilities
458(3)
14.2 The Power Factor Problem
461(2)
14.3 Standard Connections from Grid to Residence
463(2)
14.4 Inverters and Their Electrical Connections
465(2)
14.5 Smart Grids
467(6)
14.6 The Future of Solar Electrical Generation
473(4)
14.7 FiTs and Net metering
477(10)
14.8 A Regulated Future
487(2)
15 Architectural Considerations for Capturing Solar Energy 489(16)
15.1 Basic Requirements for a Passively Solar Heated Residence
489(1)
15.2 Architecture for Natural Air Flow
490(3)
15.3 Glazing for Passive Solar
493(3)
15.4 Roof Mounted Solar Elements
496(5)
15.4.1 Requirements for Photovoltaic Panels
496(1)
15.4.2 T-Bar Glazing Systems
497(2)
15.4.3 Multi-Layer Plastic Roofs
499(2)
15.4.4 Requirements for Solar Thermal Collectors
501(1)
15.5 Plumbing for Water Heating
501(4)
16 Methods of Energy Storage 505(30)
16.1 Electrical Generation Capacity
505(1)
16.2 The Energy Density Problem
506(2)
16.3 Mechanical Energy Storage Techniques
508(9)
16.3.1 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage
508(4)
16.3.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage
512(2)
16.3.3 Kinetic Storage
514(3)
16.4 Thermal Storage Systems
517(1)
16.5 Electrical and Electro-Mechanical Storage Systems
518(8)
16.5.1 A Brief History of Electricity
518(6)
16.5.2 Supercapacitors
524(1)
16.5.3 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
525(1)
16.6 Batteries and Battery Technology
526(5)
16.6.1 The Focus
526(1)
16.6.2 Common Batteries
526(2)
16.6.3 Battery Types
528(2)
16.6.4 Energy Density in Batteries
530(1)
16.7 Fuel Cells
531(1)
16.8 Hydrogen Generation and Storage
532(3)
Index 535
Parkin, Robert E.