| Preface |
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vii | |
| How to Use This Book |
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1 | (1) |
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PART ONE The Building Blocks of Effective Messages |
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1 Succeeding in Business Communication |
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2 | (24) |
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3 | (2) |
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Benefits of Good Communication Skills |
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5 | (1) |
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"I'll Never Have to Write Because..." |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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The Cost of Communication |
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8 | (1) |
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Costs of Poor Communication |
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8 | (4) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Basic Criteria for Effective Messages |
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12 | (1) |
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Using Technology for Communication |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Understanding and Analyzing Business Communication Situations |
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13 | (1) |
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How to Solve Business Communication Problems |
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14 | (4) |
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Gather Knowledge and Brainstorm Solutions |
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14 | (1) |
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Answer the Five Questions for Analysis |
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15 | (1) |
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Organize Your Information to Fit Your Audiences, Your Purposes, and the Situation |
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16 | (1) |
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Make Your Document Visually Inviting |
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16 | (1) |
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Revise Your Draft to Create a Friendly, Businesslike, Positive Style |
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17 | (1) |
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Edit Your Draft for Standard English; Double-Check Names and Numbers |
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17 | (1) |
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Use the Response You Get to Plan Future Messages |
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17 | (1) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (3) |
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2 Adapting Your Message to Your Audience |
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26 | (30) |
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27 | (1) |
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Identifying Your Audiences |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (5) |
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29 | (1) |
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Analyzing Members of Groups |
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30 | (2) |
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Analyzing the Organizational Culture and the Discourse Community |
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32 | (2) |
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Choosing Channels to Reach Your Audience |
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34 | (3) |
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Using Audience Analysis to Adapt Your Message |
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37 | (4) |
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1 How Will the Audience Initially React to the Message? |
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37 | (1) |
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2 How Much Information Does the Audience Need? |
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38 | (1) |
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3 What Obstacles Must You Overcome? |
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39 | (1) |
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4 What Positive Aspects Can You Emphasize? |
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39 | (1) |
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5 What Are the Audience's Expectations about the Appropriate Language, Content, and Organization of Messages? |
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40 | (1) |
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6 How Will the Audience Use the Document? |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Good Audience Benefits |
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42 | (2) |
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1 Adapt Benefits to the Audience |
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42 | (1) |
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2 Stress Intrinsic as well as Extrinsic Motivators |
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42 | (1) |
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3 Prove Benefits with Clear Logic and Explain Them in Adequate Detail |
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43 | (1) |
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4 Phrase Benefits in You-Attitude |
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44 | (1) |
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Identifying and Developing Audience Benefits |
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44 | (1) |
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1 Identify the Needs, Wants, and Feelings that May Motivate Your Audience |
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44 | (1) |
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2 Identify the Objective Features of Your Product or Policy that Could Meet the Needs You've Identified |
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45 | (1) |
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3 Show How the Audience Can Meet Their Needs with the Features of the Policy or Product |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Writing or Speaking to Multiple Audiences with Different Needs |
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46 | (1) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (7) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (30) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (3) |
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How to Create You-Attitude |
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59 | (2) |
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You-Attitude beyond the Sentence Level |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (5) |
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How to Create Positive Emphasis |
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64 | (3) |
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How to Check Positive Emphasis |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Tone, Power, and Politeness |
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68 | (1) |
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Use Courtesy Titles for People You Don't Know Well |
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69 | (1) |
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Be Aware of the Power Implications of the Words You Use |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Using Technology to Build Goodwill |
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70 | (1) |
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Reducing Bias in Business Communication |
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70 | (6) |
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Making Language Nonsexist |
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71 | (3) |
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Making Language Nonracist and Nonageist |
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74 | (1) |
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Talking about People with Disabilities and Diseases |
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75 | (1) |
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Choosing Bias-Free Photos and Illustrations |
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76 | (1) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (7) |
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84 | (2) |
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4 Navigating the Business Communication Environment |
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86 | (32) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (4) |
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92 | (1) |
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Interpersonal Communication |
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93 | (7) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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Trends in Business Communication |
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102 | (8) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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Globalization and Outsourcing |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Innovation and Entrepreneurship |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (4) |
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115 | (3) |
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PART TWO The Communication Process |
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5 Planning, Composing, and Revising |
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118 | (40) |
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119 | (1) |
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The Ways Good Writers Write |
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120 | (1) |
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Activities in the Composing Process |
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120 | (2) |
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Using Your Time Effectively |
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122 | (1) |
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Brainstorming, Planning, and Organizing Business Documents |
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123 | (1) |
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Writing Good Business and Administrative Documents |
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123 | (4) |
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124 | (1) |
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The Plain Language Movement |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Half-Truths about Business Writing |
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127 | (1) |
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Half-Truth 1 "Write as You Talk" |
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127 | (1) |
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Half-Truth 2 "Never Use I" |
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127 | (1) |
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Half-Truth 3 "Never Use You" |
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127 | (600) |
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Half-Truth 4 "Never Begin a Sentence with And or But" |
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727 | |
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Half-Truth 5 "Never End a Sentence with a Preposition" |
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128 | (1) |
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Half-Truth 6 "Never Have a Sentence with More than 20 Words, or a Paragraph with More than 8 Lines" |
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128 | (1) |
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Half-Truth 7 "Big Words Impress People" |
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128 | (1) |
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Half-Truth 8 "Business Writing Does Not Document Sources" |
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128 | (1) |
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Ten Ways to Make Your Writing Easier to Read |
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128 | (13) |
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129 | (3) |
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As You Write and Revise Sentences |
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132 | (8) |
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As You Write and Revise Paragraphs |
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140 | (1) |
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Organizational Preferences for Style |
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141 | (1) |
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Revising, Editing, and Proofreading |
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141 | (5) |
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What to Look for When You Revise |
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142 | (2) |
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What to Look for When You Edit |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Getting and Using Feedback |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (2) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (6) |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (28) |
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159 | (1) |
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The Importance of Effective Design as Part of the Writing Process |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Guidelines for Document Design |
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163 | (6) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (1) |
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3 Limit the Use of Words Set in All Capital Letters |
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166 | (1) |
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4 Use No More than Two Fonts in a Single Document |
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166 | (1) |
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5 Decide Whether to Justify Margins |
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167 | (1) |
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6 Put Important Elements in the Top Left and Lower Right Quadrants |
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168 | (1) |
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7 Use a Grid to Unify Graphic Elements |
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168 | (1) |
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8 Use Highlighting, Decorative Devices, and Color in Moderation |
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168 | (1) |
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Using Software Programs for Creating Document Designs |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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Analyzing Your Rhetorical Situation |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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Selecting Appropriate Visuals |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (3) |
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Analyzing Your Rhetorical Situation |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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Attracting and Maintaining Attention |
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174 | (1) |
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Creating a Usable Home Page |
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174 | (1) |
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Providing Easy Navigation |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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Testing the Design for Usability |
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176 | (1) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (6) |
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184 | (2) |
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7 Communicating across Cultures |
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186 | (26) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (2) |
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Local Culture Adaptations |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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International Career Experience |
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190 | (1) |
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Diversity in North America |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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Values, Beliefs, and Practices |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (5) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Understatement and Exaggeration |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Writing to International Audiences |
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200 | (2) |
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Learning More about International Business Communication |
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202 | (1) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (6) |
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209 | (3) |
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8 Working and Writing in Teams |
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212 | (30) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (7) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Decision-Making Strategies |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Successful Student Teams |
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219 | (1) |
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Peer Pressure and Groupthink |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (5) |
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Sfeps in Conflict Resolution |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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You-Attitude in Conflict Resolution |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Technologies for Meetings |
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228 | (1) |
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Technologies for Scheduling and Assignments |
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229 | (1) |
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Technologies for Collaboration |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
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Planning the Work and the Document |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Editing and Proofreading the Document |
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231 | (1) |
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Making the Team Process Work |
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232 | (1) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (6) |
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240 | (2) |
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PART THREE Basic Business Messages |
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9 Sharing Informative and Positive Messages with Appropriate Technology |
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242 | (44) |
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243 | (1) |
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Purposes of Informative and Positive Messages |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (9) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Instant Messaging and Text Messaging |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (4) |
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E-mails, Letters, and Memos |
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254 | (3) |
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Organizing Informative and Positive Messages |
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257 | (1) |
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Subject Lines for Informative and Positive Messages |
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258 | (4) |
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Making Subject Lines Specific |
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258 | (2) |
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Making Subject Lines Concise |
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260 | (1) |
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Making Subject Lines Appropriate for the Pattern of Organization |
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261 | (1) |
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Pointers for E-mail Subject Lines |
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261 | (1) |
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Managing the Information in Your Messages |
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262 | (1) |
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Using Benefits in Informative and Positive Messages |
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263 | (1) |
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Ending Informative and Positive Messages |
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264 | (1) |
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Story in Informative Messages |
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265 | (1) |
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Humor in Informative Messages |
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265 | (1) |
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Varieties of Informative and Positive Messages |
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266 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
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Thank-You and Positive Feedback Notes |
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268 | (1) |
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Positive Responses to Complaints |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (5) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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Discussion of the Sample Solutions |
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271 | (3) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (10) |
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284 | (2) |
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10 Delivering Negative Messages |
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286 | (36) |
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287 | (1) |
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Purposes of Negative Messages |
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288 | (1) |
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Organizing Negative Messages |
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289 | (5) |
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Giving Bad News to Clients and Customers |
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289 | (1) |
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Giving Bad News to Superiors |
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290 | (1) |
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Giving Bad News to Peers and Subordinates |
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291 | (3) |
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The Parts of a Negative Message |
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294 | (4) |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Tone in Negative Messages |
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299 | (1) |
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Alternative Strategies for Negative Situations |
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300 | (2) |
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Recasting the Situation as a Positive Message |
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301 | (1) |
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Recasting the Situation as a Persuasive Message |
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302 | (1) |
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Varieties of Negative Messages |
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302 | (3) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Disciplinary Notices and Negative Performance Reviews |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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Using Technology for Negative Messages |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (4) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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Discussion of the Sample Solutions |
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307 | (3) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (9) |
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320 | (2) |
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11 Crafting Persuasive Messages |
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322 | (52) |
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323 | (1) |
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Purposes of Persuasive Messages |
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324 | (1) |
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Analyzing Persuasive Situations |
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325 | (6) |
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1 What Do You Want People to Do? |
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326 | (1) |
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2 What Objections, If Any, Will the Audience Have? |
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326 | (1) |
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3 How Strong Is Your Case? |
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326 | (2) |
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4 What Kind of Persuasion Is Best for the Situation? |
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328 | (1) |
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5 What Kind of Persuasion Is Best for the Organization and the Culture? |
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329 | (2) |
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Choosing a Persuasive Strategy |
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331 | (1) |
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Why Threats and Punishment Are Less Effective Than Persuasion |
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331 | (1) |
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Making Persuasive Direct Requests |
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332 | (1) |
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Writing Persuasive Problem-Solving Messages |
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333 | (7) |
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Subject Lines for Problem-Solving Messages |
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334 | (1) |
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Developing a Common Ground |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (2) |
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Offering a Reason for the Audience to Act Promptly |
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338 | (1) |
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Building Emotional Appeal |
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339 | (1) |
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Tone in Persuasive Messages |
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340 | (1) |
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Varieties of Persuasive Messages |
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340 | (5) |
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340 | (3) |
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Letters of Recommendation |
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343 | (2) |
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Sales and Fund-Raising Messages |
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345 | (11) |
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Organizing a Sales or Fund-Raising Message |
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345 | (5) |
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Strategy in Sales Messages and Fund-Raising Appeals |
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350 | (3) |
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353 | (3) |
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Technology and Persuasion |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (4) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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Discussion of the Sample Solutions |
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358 | (3) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (8) |
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371 | (3) |
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374 | (46) |
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375 | (1) |
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A Time Line for Job Hunting |
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376 | (1) |
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Evaluating Your Strengths and Interests |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (6) |
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Using the Internet Effectively in Your Job Search |
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378 | (2) |
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Building Relationships through Networking |
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380 | (1) |
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Building Relationships through Internships |
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380 | (1) |
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Establishing a Reputation Online |
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381 | (1) |
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A Caution about Blogs, Social Networking Sites, and Internet Tracking |
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382 | (1) |
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Innovative Uses of the Internet in Job Searches |
|
|
383 | (1) |
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Be Prepared with an Excellent Traditional Resume and Cover Letter |
|
|
384 | (1) |
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How Employers Use Resumes |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (4) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (2) |
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What to Include in a Resume |
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391 | (11) |
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Name and Contact Information |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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Summary of Qualifications |
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393 | (1) |
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393 | (3) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (4) |
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401 | (1) |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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402 | (1) |
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What Not to Include in a Resume |
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403 | (1) |
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Dealing with Difficulties |
|
|
403 | (3) |
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"I Don't Have Any Experience" |
|
|
403 | (1) |
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"All My Experience Is in My Family's Business" |
|
|
404 | (1) |
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"I Want to Change Fields" |
|
|
404 | (1) |
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"I've Been Out of the Job Market for a While" |
|
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (2) |
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Sending Your Resume Electronically |
|
|
406 | (1) |
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Posting Your Resume on the Web |
|
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407 | (1) |
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|
408 | (2) |
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Summary by Learning Objectives |
|
|
410 | (1) |
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411 | (8) |
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419 | (1) |
|
13 Writing Job Application Letters |
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420 | (32) |
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421 | (1) |
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How Content Differs in Job Letters and Resumes |
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|
422 | (1) |
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How to Find Out about Employers and Jobs |
|
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423 | (1) |
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Tapping into the Hidden Job Market |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
|
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (2) |
|
Content and Organization for Job Application Letters |
|
|
426 | (9) |
|
How to Organize Solicited Letters |
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427 | (2) |
|
How to Organize Prospecting Letters |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
First Paragraphs of Solicited Letters |
|
|
429 | (3) |
|
First Paragraphs of Prospecting Letters |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Showing a Knowledge of the Position and the Company |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Showing What Separates You from Other Applicants |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Writing the Last Paragraph |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
E-mail Application Letters |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
Creating a Professional Image |
|
|
437 | (3) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Paragraph Length and Unity |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Social Networking and Personal Websites |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Summary by Learning Objectives |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (8) |
|
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
14 Interviewing, Writing Follow-Up Messages, and Succeeding in the Job |
|
|
452 | (34) |
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453 | (1) |
|
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454 | (2) |
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|
454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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457 | (3) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
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|
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457 | (1) |
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|
|
458 | (1) |
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|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (3) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Traditional Interview Questions and Answers |
|
|
463 | (6) |
|
|
|
469 | (4) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Final Steps for a Successful Job Search |
|
|
473 | (4) |
|
Following Up with Phone Calls and Written Messages |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Negotiating for Salary and Benefits |
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
Deciding Which Offer to Accept |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Summary by Learning Objectives |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (4) |
|
|
|
484 | (2) |
|
PART FIVE Proposals and Reports |
|
|
|
15 Researching Proposals and Reports |
|
|
486 | (32) |
|
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
The Report Production Process |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
Research Strategies for Reports |
|
|
492 | (15) |
|
Finding Information Online and in Print |
|
|
492 | (3) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
Analyzing and Designing Surveys |
|
|
496 | (6) |
|
Conducting Research Interviews |
|
|
502 | (3) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Observing Customers and Users |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Using Technology for Research |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Source Citation and Documentation |
|
|
507 | (2) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Summary by Learning Objectives |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (6) |
|
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
16 Creating Visuals and Data Displays |
|
|
518 | (56) |
|
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
When to Use Visuals and Data Displays |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Guidelines for Creating Effective Visuals and Data Displays |
|
|
521 | (6) |
|
1 Check the Quality of the Data |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
2 Determine the Story You Want to Tell |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
3 Choose the Right Visual or Data Display for the Story |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
5 Use Color and Decoration with Restraint |
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
6 Be Accurate and Ethical |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Integration of Visuals and Data Displays into Your Text |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Software Programs for Creating Visuals and Data Displays |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Conventions for Specific Visuals and Data Displays |
|
|
529 | (6) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
Summary by Learning Objectives |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (12) |
|
|
|
548 | (3) |
|
17 Writing Proposals and Progress Reports |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
Brainstorming for Writing Proposals |
|
|
552 | (3) |
|
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
Proposals for Class Research Projects |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Preparing the Budget and Costs Sections |
|
|
557 | (5) |
|
Writing Proposal Varieties |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Business Plans and Other Proposals for Funding |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
|
564 | (4) |
|
Chronological Progress Reports |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Recommendation Progress Reports |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Summary by Learning Objectives |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
|
569 | (3) |
|
|
|
572 | (2) |
|
18 Analyzing Information and Writing Reports |
|
|
574 | (46) |
|
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Using Your Time Efficiently |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Analyzing Data and Information for Reports |
|
|
577 | (5) |
|
Evaluating the Source of the Data |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Choosing Information for Reports |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
Organizing Information in Reports |
|
|
583 | |
|
Patterns for Organizing Information |
|
|
583 | (4) |
|
Patterns for Specific Varieties of Reports |
|
|
587 | (5330) |
|
Presenting Information Effectively in Reports |
|
|
5917 | |
|
1 Use Clear, Engaging Writing |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
2 Keep Repetition to a Minimum |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
3 Introduce Sources and Visuals |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
4 Use Forecasting, Transitions, Topic Sentences, and Headings |
|
|
593 | (3) |
|
|
|
596 | (16) |
|
|
|
597 | (10) |
|
Letter or Memo of Transmittal |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Conclusions and Recommendations |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Summary by Learning Objectives |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (6) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
9 Making Oral Presentations |
|
|
620 | (28) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
Comparing Written and Oral Messages |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Identifying Purposes in Oral Presentations |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Planning a Strategy for Your Presentation |
|
|
623 | (2) |
|
Choosing the Kind of Presentation |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
Adapting Your Ideas to the Audience |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Choosing Information to Include |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Organizing Your Information |
|
|
626 | (3) |
|
Planning a Strong Opening |
|
|
626 | (2) |
|
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Planning a Strong Conclusion |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
629 | (5) |
|
Designing PowerPoint Slides |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Using Technology Effectively |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Delivering an Effective Presentation |
|
|
634 | (4) |
|
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Developing a Good Speaking Voice |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Making Group Presentations |
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
Summary by Learning Objectives |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (5) |
|
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
A Formatting Letters and E-mail Messages |
|
|
648 | (10) |
|
|
|
649 | (5) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Formats for E-mail Messages |
|
|
654 | (3) |
|
State and Province Abbreviations |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (25) |
|
|
|
659 | (4) |
|
|
|
659 | (2) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
Understanding Punctuation |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (2) |
|
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
Punctuation within Sentences |
|
|
665 | (4) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
Special Punctuation Marks |
|
|
669 | (2) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Writing Numbers and Dates |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
Words That Are Often Confused |
|
|
671 | (6) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (5) |
|
C Citing and Documenting Sources |
|
|
683 | (9) |
|
American Psychological Association (APA) Format |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
Modern Language Association (MLA) Format |
|
|
685 | (7) |
| Glossary |
|
692 | (10) |
| Photo Credits |
|
702 | (1) |
| Name Index |
|
703 | |
| Company Index |
|
70 | (642) |
| Subject Index |
|
712 | |