Canada in the Age of Rum charts the history of rum drinking in New France, Newfoundland, the Maritimes, Upper and Lower Canada, and the West from the late seventeenth to the early nineteenth century.
Awash in a sea of rum describes the years between the 1670s and the 1830s in the colonies that would later become Canada. Millions of litres of the sugar-based liquor were imported every year to supply a comparatively small population of colonists and Indigenous people. Why rum, and why so much? Rum was cheap and plentiful. Intimately connected to the West Indian slave plantation complex, rum shipped to early Canada and around the Atlantic World was part of the early modern expansion of intercontinental trade known as the first globalization. Canada in the Age of Rum shows what happened to the vast quantities that came to Canadian shores: rum was especially important to workers in the early Canadian staples industries. Fishermen and fur-trade voyageurs drank rum in massive quantities, supplied on credit and at grossly inflated prices by their employers, an arrangement that served to claw back wages and ensure the profitability of enterprises that would not have been viable otherwise. Traders deliberately sought to get hunting peoples hooked on rum in order to ensure a steady supply of pelts – alcohol was not so much a commodity for sale as it was a gift used to induce hunters to conform to the ways of the capitalist economy. However, Indigenous people drank rum in their own ways and for their own reasons; and when drinking became a serious social problem, they organized to resist it. The story ends in the 1830s when the combined effects of the temperance movement and the rise of whisky led to a sharp decline in rum consumption. This brilliant history follows the thread of a single commodity from West Indian plantations to Newfoundland, Quebec, and the west, revealing rum as a critical lubricant of the social life of early Canada and its particular version of early capitalism.
Arvustused
This book hits so many high notes. The writing is cogent and lively. It compellingly narrates fascinating episodes that demonstrate rum and alcohols significance in early Canada. Most importantly it persuasively connects early Canadian history with the broader Atlantic history of slave-produced commodities and shows how the contours of exploitative labour regimes in the early Canadian staple trades resembled some key aspects of Caribbean slavery. It is a genuinely new contribution to historical scholarship. - Anya Zilberstein, Concordia University
This book demonstrates with unique clarity the importance of rum not only as a commodity but also as a crucial influence on commercial and cultural relationships throughout the territories that were to become Canada. It will quickly and deservedly gain recognition as an indispensable study. - John Reid, Saint Marys University
Muu info
A new history revealing early Canada as a place where people drank rum and a lot of it.
Tables, Figures, and Plates / ix
Preface / xiii
1 The Age of Rum: Capitalism, Slavery, and Empire / 3
2 Drinking on the Job: The Atlantic Cod Fishery / 24
3 New France: The Water of Life / 44
4 Rum Conquers Quebec / 60
5 The North West Company / 79
6 Indigenous Rum / 105
7 The End of the Age of Rum / 128
Appendix 1: Measurements / 143
Appendix 2: Rum Imports, Port of Saint John, New Brunswick, 17921819 / 144
Appendix 3: Alcohol Imports, New France / 145
Appendix 4: Rum and Molasses Imports, Quebec, 176586, in gallons / 147
Appendix 5: Rum Shipped from Montreal for the Western Fur Trade, 178190 /
149
Notes / 151
Bibliography / 171
Index / 193
Allan Greer is professor emeritus of history at McGill University.
