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Carbon Capture and Storage [Kõva köide]

Contributions by (University of Cambridge, UK), Edited by (Imperial College London, UK), Edited by (Imperial College London, UK)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 596 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 1064 g, No
  • Sari: Energy and Environment Series Volume 26
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Dec-2019
  • Kirjastus: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-10: 1788011457
  • ISBN-13: 9781788011457
Teised raamatud teemal:
Carbon Capture and StorageSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 596 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 1064 g, No
  • Sari: Energy and Environment Series Volume 26
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Dec-2019
  • Kirjastus: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-10: 1788011457
  • ISBN-13: 9781788011457
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781788011457.html
Märksõnad:
This book will provide the latest global perspective on the role and value of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming. As well as providing a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the major sources of carbon dioxide emission and negative emissions technologies, the book also discusses technical, economic and political issues associated with CCS along with strategies to enable commercialisation.

This book provides the latest global perspective on the role and value of CCS in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming.



Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and “negative emissions” technologies will play an essential role in mitigating the impact of global warming and meeting the temperature targets set by the IPCC and by COP21. Identifying the role and value of CCS relative to other mitigations technologies is of vital importance. This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the major sources of carbon dioxide emission, capture and storage, as well as negative emissions technologies, and provides insight into the role and value of CCS in the industrial and power sectors. The issues associated with flexible operation and commercial deployment of CCS are discussed, providing potential approaches to overcome these hurdles through a combination of political, economic and R&D strategies. Carbon Capture and Storage provides the latest global perspective on the role and value of CCS in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming. With contributions from internationally recognised leaders, this book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry, working in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and energy policy.

Chapter 1 Introduction -- Carbon Capture and Storage
1(7)
Mai Bui
Niall MacDowell
1.1 Introduction
1(4)
1.2 Conclusion
5(3)
References
6(2)
Chapter 2 Understanding the Role of CCS Deployment in Meeting Ambitious Climate Goals
8(28)
R. J. Millar
M. R. Allen
2.1 Introduction
8(3)
2.2 Climate Science Fundamentals
11(6)
2.2.1 Cumulative Emissions and Peak Warming
12(4)
2.2.2 Carbon Budgets and Historical Emissions
16(1)
2.3 Taxonomy of Climate-economic Scenarios Meeting-Temperature Goals
17(11)
2.3.1 Integrated Assessment of Climate Change
17(2)
2.3.2 Dimensions of Mitigation Pathways
19(6)
2.3.3 Climate Constraints on the Fate of Extracted Carbon
25(3)
2.4 Characteristics of CCS Deployment in IAM Scenarios
28(1)
2.5 Conclusion
29(7)
Acknowledgements
30(1)
References
31(5)
Chapter 3 Solvent-based Absorption
36(33)
D. J. Heldebrant
J. Kothandaraman
3.1 History of Solvent-based Absorption
36(8)
3.1.1 History of Solvents
36(4)
3.1.2 The Development of Solvent-based CO2 Capture Processes
40(4)
3.2 Amine Blends
44(1)
3.3 Amines in Organic Co-solvents
45(3)
3.4 Concentrated Solvents
48(4)
3.5 Solvent Durability
52(8)
3.5.1 Evaporative Losses, Toxicity and Foaming
53(1)
3.5.2 Foaming
54(1)
3.5.3 Oxidative Degradation
55(1)
3.5.4 Heat Stable Salts (HSS)
56(2)
3.5.5 Thermal Degradation
58(2)
3.6 Corrosion
60(1)
3.7 What is Next for Solvent Absorption?
61(8)
Acknowledgements
62(1)
References
62(7)
Chapter 4 Ionic Liquids
69(37)
J. G. Yao
P. S. Fennell
J. P. Hallett
4.1 Introduction
69(2)
4.2 Task-specific ILs/Functionalised ILs for Chemisorption of CO2
71(6)
4.2.1 Amine-functionalised Cations
71(3)
4.2.2 Amine-functionalised Anions
74(1)
4.2.3 Aprotic Heterocyclic Anions (AHAs)
75(2)
4.2.4 Alternative Functional Groups
77(1)
4.3 CO2 Capture through IL-based Proton Transfer
77(3)
4.4 ILs with Multiple Functional Groups for Capture
80(1)
4.5 Methods for Overcoming Mass Transport Limits
81(1)
4.6 IL Blends with Amines
81(1)
4.7 Poly(Il)s
82(5)
4.8 Ionic Liquid Membranes
87(3)
4.9 Molecular Simulations of CO2 with ILs
90(4)
4.10 Challenges and Opportunities with IL-based CCS
94(1)
4.11 Conclusions
95(11)
References
95(11)
Chapter 5 CO2 Capture by Adsorption Processes
106(62)
P. A. Webley
D. Danaci
5.1 Introduction
106(1)
5.2 Adsorbents for CO2 Capture
107(26)
5.2.1 Applications and Opportunities
107(2)
5.2.2 Mechanisms of Adsorption
109(2)
5.2.3 Mechanisms of Selectivity and Separation
111(3)
5.2.4 Carbonaceous Adsorbents
114(2)
5.2.5 Silicas and Aluminas
116(1)
5.2.6 Zeolites
116(2)
5.2.7 Metal-organic frameworks
118(6)
5.2.8 Microporous Organic Polymers
124(2)
5.2.9 Amine Hybridised Adsorbents
126(3)
5.2.10 Adsorbents for High Temperature Separations
129(3)
5.2.11 Stimuli Responsive Adsorbents
132(1)
5.3 Adsorption Processes
133(2)
5.4 Requirements of an Adsorbent to be Useful in Practice
135(2)
5.5 Gas/Solid Contacting Devices
137(2)
5.6 Regeneration of the Adsorbent
139(12)
5.6.1 Pressure Swing Adsorption
140(7)
5.6.2 Temperature Swing Adsorption
147(3)
5.6.3 Alternative Regeneration Technologies and Hybrid Systems
150(1)
5.7 Future Outlook
151(17)
References
152(16)
Chapter 6 Oxy-fuel Combustion Capture Technology
168(21)
R. P. Cabral
N. MacDowell
6.1 Introduction
168(2)
6.2 Air Separation Unit
170(8)
6.2.1 Cryogenic Air Separation Units
171(6)
6.2.2 Membrane Technology
177(1)
6.3 Power Plants
178(4)
6.3.1 Pulverized Coal
179(2)
6.3.2 Natural Gas
181(1)
6.3.3 Opportunities for Improvement
181(1)
6.4 Gas Processing Unit
182(2)
6.5 Conclusion
184(5)
Acknowledgements
185(1)
References
185(4)
Chapter 7 Chemical Looping Technologies for CCS
189(49)
M. A. Schnellmann
R. H. Gorke
S. A. Scott
J. S. Dennis
7.1 Introduction
189(2)
7.2 History
191(1)
7.3 Chemical Looping Air Separation
192(6)
7.3.1 Processes
193(2)
7.3.2 Oxygen Carrier Materials
195(2)
7.3.3 Practical Experience
197(1)
7.3.4 Economics and Scale-up
197(1)
7.3.5 Research Priorities
197(1)
7.4 Chemical Looping Combustion
198(7)
7.4.1 Processes
199(2)
7.4.2 Materials
201(2)
7.4.3 Practical Experience
203(1)
7.4.4 Economics and Scale-up
203(1)
7.4.5 Research Priorities
204(1)
7.5 Chemical Looping Hydrogen Production
205(10)
7.5.1 Processes
205(3)
7.5.2 Materials
208(5)
7.5.3 Practical Experience
213(1)
7.5.4 Economics and Scale-up
214(1)
7.5.5 Research Priorities
214(1)
7.6 Calcium Looping
215(9)
7.6.1 Processes
215(2)
7.6.2 Practical Experience
217(3)
7.6.3 Materials
220(2)
7.6.4 Economics and Scale-up
222(1)
7.6.5 Research Priorities
223(1)
7.7 Conclusion
224(14)
References
224(14)
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Subsurface CO2 Storage
238(58)
S. Krevor
M. J. Blunt
J. P. M. Truster
S. De Simone
8.1 Introduction
238(1)
8.2 The Geological Setting
239(5)
8.3 Geological Fluid Dynamics
244(34)
8.3.1 The Reactive Flow Processes of CO2 Storage
244(2)
8.3.2 Fluid Chemical, Thermophysical, and Interfacial Properties
246(5)
8.3.3 Geochemical Reaction Processes
251(6)
8.3.4 Fluid Flow through the Pores of Rocks
257(3)
8.3.5 The Continuum Flow Properties of Subsurface Rocks
260(6)
8.3.6 Large Scale Characteristics of Flow
266(6)
8.3.7 Geomechanics -- Fractures, Faults, and Seismicity
272(6)
8.4 Engineering Aspects of Subsurface CO2 Storage
278(3)
8.4.1 Site Characterisation and Reservoir Management
278(1)
8.4.2 Monitoring the Subsurface
279(2)
8.5 Storage Capacity
281(15)
8.5.1 Mass Flows and Analogues for Large Scale Storage
281(3)
8.5.2 Resource Assessment for CO2 Storage Potential
284(2)
8.5.3 Models for Estimating Storable Quantities
286(1)
8.5.4 Estimates of Regional and Global Storage Resources
287(1)
References
288(8)
Chapter 9 Carbon Capture and Storage from Industrial Sources
296(19)
Duncan Leeson
Andrea Ramirez
Niall MacDowell
9.1 Introduction
296(2)
9.2 Differences Between CCS in the Industrial and Power Sectors
298(4)
9.3 Carbon Capture Technologies and Opportunities by Sector
302(5)
9.3.1 Iron and Steel Industry
302(2)
9.3.2 Cement Industry
304(1)
9.3.3 Petroleum Refining Industry
305(1)
9.3.4 Pulp and Paper
306(1)
9.3.5 High Purity Sources
307(1)
9.4 Cost of Industrial CCS
307(2)
9.5 Policy Challenges
309(1)
9.6 Prospects for Industrial CCS Compared to Power CCS
310(1)
9.7 Conclusion
311(4)
References
312(3)
Chapter 10 Applications of CCS in the Cement Industry
315(38)
Thomas P. Hills
Mark G. Sceats
Paul S. Fennell
10.1 Introduction to Cement
315(2)
10.2 Non-CCS Mitigation Opportunities
317(2)
10.3 Carbon Capture in the Cement Industry
319(16)
10.3.1 Post-combustion Capture
320(8)
10.3.2 Oxyfuel Capture
328(5)
10.3.3 Direct Separation
333(2)
10.4 Notable Pilot Projects
335(1)
10.4.1 Dania, Denmark, 2009-2012
335(1)
10.4.2 HECLOT, Taiwan, 2013
335(1)
10.4.3 Norcem CO2 Capture Project, Norway, 2014-2017
335(1)
10.4.4 LEILAC, Belgium, 2016-2020
336(1)
10.5 Cost of CO2 Capture at Cement Plants
336(5)
10.5.1 Capital Cost Estimations
336(2)
10.5.2 Estimated Operating Costs and Overall Costs of Capture
338(2)
10.5.3 Cost of Carbon Capture on Cement Plants -- Conclusion
340(1)
10.6 Installing Carbon Capture at Cement Plants
341(4)
10.6.1 Available Space and Permissions
341(1)
10.6.2 Carbon Capture Technology Availability
342(1)
10.6.3 Opportunity Cost of Retrofit
342(2)
10.6.4 Access to CO2 Transport and Storage Infrastructure
344(1)
10.7 Capturing CO2 in Portland Cement Products
345(1)
10.8 Conclusion: The Way Forward for CCS in Cement
346(7)
References
348(5)
Chapter 11 CCS in the Iron and Steel Industry
353(39)
Noah McQueen
Caleb M. Woodall
Peter Psarras
Jennifer Wilcox
11.1 Introduction to Iron and Steel
353(10)
11.1.1 Process CO2 Emissions
357(3)
11.1.2 Iron and Steel Plant Lifetimes
360(2)
11.1.3 Energy Efficiency
362(1)
11.2 Post-combustion Capture -- Retrofit Technologies
363(9)
11.2.1 Absorption
363(2)
11.2.2 Adsorption
365(1)
11.2.3 Membranes
366(1)
11.2.4 Mineral Carbonation
367(2)
11.2.5 Oxyfuel Top Gas Recycled Blast Furnace (TGRBF) with CCS
369(3)
11.3 New Builds and Technology Changes
372(5)
11.3.1 Hydrogen Direct Reduction Technology
373(1)
11.3.2 Smelting Reduction Technologies
374(1)
11.3.3 Direct Reduced Iron with Natural Gas
375(1)
11.3.4 Direct Electrolysis of Iron
376(1)
11.4 Technology Development Initiatives and Pilot Scale Projects
377(4)
11.4.1 HYBRIT
379(1)
11.4.2 ULCOS
379(1)
11.4.3 Pohang Iron and Steel Company (POSCO)
380(1)
11.4.4 CO2 Ultimate Reduction in Steelmaking Process by Innovative Technology for Cool Earth 50 (COURSE50)
380(1)
11.4.5 Stepwise SEWGS
380(1)
11.5 Cost of CO2 Capture from Iron and Steel Production
381(3)
11.5.1 Costs per Tonne of CO2
381(2)
11.5.2 Capital, Operating and Maintenance Costs
383(1)
11.5.3 Policy Considerations
384(1)
11.6 The Way Forward
384(8)
References
385(7)
Chapter 12 CCS in Electricity Systems
392(34)
C. F. Heuberger
N. MacDowell
12.1 Introduction
392(2)
12.2 The Electricity System Transition
394(7)
12.2.1 Main Trends
395(1)
12.2.2 Electricity Markets
396(4)
12.2.3 Energy Policy
400(1)
12.3 Systemic Technology Valuation
401(4)
12.3.1 The Systems Perspective
401(1)
12.3.2 Essential Technology Features and Integration Effects
402(1)
12.3.3 Systemic Technology Valuation
403(2)
12.4 The Role and Value of CCS-equipped Power Generation
405(12)
12.4.1 Illustrative System Integration Effects of CCS Deployment
405(4)
12.4.2 Quantitative Evaluation of CCS Deployment via Whole-systems Modelling
409(8)
12.5 Flexibility in CCS-equipped Power Generation
417(3)
12.5.1 The Value of Flexible CCS-equipped Power Plants in the Electricity System
417(1)
12.5.2 Comparison of Flexible CCS Technologies
418(2)
12.6 Conclusion
420(6)
Acronyms
421(1)
Acknowledgements
422(1)
References
422(4)
Chapter 13 Carbon Capture and Utilisation
426(21)
A. Ramirez Ramirez
13.1 Introduction
426(3)
13.2 CO2 into Fuels and Chemicals
429(7)
13.3 CO2 Mineralisation
436(3)
13.4 CO2 as a Working Fluid to Extract Additional Energy Sources
439(2)
13.5 CO2 Utilisation and Climate Change
441(2)
13.6 Final Thoughts
443(4)
References
444(3)
Chapter 14 Negative Emissions Technologies
447(65)
H. A. Daggash
M. Fajardy
N. MacDowell
14.1 The Need for Negative Emissions
447(1)
14.2 Proposed Negative Emissions Technologies
448(4)
14.2.1 Afforestation and Reforestation (AR)
448(1)
14.2.2 Biochar and Soil Carbon Sequestration (SCS)
449(1)
14.2.3 Enhanced Weathering of Minerals
450(1)
14.2.4 Ocean Fertilisation
451(1)
14.3 Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS)
452(31)
14.3.1 Introduction
452(3)
14.3.2 Which Feedstock for BECCS?
455(5)
14.3.3 Comparing BECCS Pathways to Negative Emissions
460(6)
14.3.4 Sustainability Challenges of BECCS
466(14)
14.3.5 Converting Bioenergy into Negative Emissions: BECCS Carbon Efficiency
480(1)
14.3.6 BECCS Cost
481(2)
14.4 Direct Air Capture (DAC)
483(16)
14.4.1 Motivations for DAC
483(2)
14.4.2 CO2 Separation Technologies
485(1)
14.4.3 Thermodynamics of Capturing CO2 from Air
486(3)
14.4.4 Current Technology
489(7)
14.4.5 Cost of Direct Air Capture
496(1)
14.4.6 Scalability and Roll-out Potential
497(2)
14.5 Economic and Energetic Analysis of NETs
499(2)
14.6 Policy Implications
501(1)
14.7 Conclusion
502(10)
Acknowledgements
503(1)
References
503(9)
Chapter 15 New Technology Development for Carbon Capture
512(24)
Michael S. Matuszewski
Isadora Detweiler
15.1 Introduction
512(1)
15.2 Benchmarking CO2 Technology
513(19)
15.2.1 Metric of Comparison
513(1)
15.2.2 Framework for Technology Evaluation
514(1)
15.2.3 Theory Supporting Evaluation: 1st and 2nd Law Analysis
515(11)
15.2.4 Cost Considerations in CCS Technology Evaluation
526(4)
15.2.5 Size Considerations in Evaluation
530(2)
15.3 Impactful R&D Trajectories Beyond the CCS System
532(1)
15.4 Conclusion
533(1)
15.5 Acknowledgement
534(2)
References
535(1)
Chapter 16 The Political Economy of Carbon Capture and Storage
536(23)
D. M. Reiner
16.1 Introduction
536(3)
16.2 Stakeholder Views
539(2)
16.3 Comparative Political Economy
541(10)
16.3.1 Leadership
543(1)
16.3.2 Norway
544(1)
16.3.3 Canada
544(1)
16.3.4 United Kingdom
545(1)
16.3.5 The Netherlands
546(1)
16.3.6 Germany
547(1)
16.3.7 European Union
548(1)
16.3.8 United States
548(2)
16.3.9 Japan
550(1)
16.3.10 Peripheral Countries
550(1)
16.4 Emerging Themes
551(3)
16.4.1 Perfect Storm of 2009
552(1)
16.4.2 Getting the Policies Right
552(1)
16.4.3 CCS as a Trendsetter for Climate Policy
553(1)
16.4.4 Damaged Reputation
553(1)
16.4.5 The Lumpy Nature of CCS Projects
553(1)
16.4.6 A Role for Industrial Policy?
554(1)
16.5 Conclusion
554(5)
References
555(4)
Chapter 17 CCS -- From an Oil Crisis to a Climate Crisis Response
559(4)
Jon Gibbins
17.1 CCS -- From an Oil Crisis to a Climate Crisis Response
559(4)
References
561(2)
Chapter 18 Getting CO2 Storage Right -- Arithmetically and Politically
563(5)
R. Stuart Haszeldine
18.1 Getting CO2 Storage Right -- Arithmetically and Politically
563(5)
Acknowledgements
566(1)
References
566(2)
Subject Index 568
Dr Niall Mac Dowell is a Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) in Energy and Environmental Technology and Policy in the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, where he currently leads the Clean Fossil and Bioenergy Research Group. He is a Chartered Engineer with the Institution of Chemical Engineers and is on the Executive Board of the IChemEs Energy Centre, a member of the Technical Working Group of the CCSA and the ZEP on industrial decarbonisation and a member of the UKCCSRC. He currently leads a research group of 5 PDRAs, 10 PhD students all of whom are focused on technology development for climate change mitigation and has published work at the molecular, process and network scales in this context. He has given advice to DECC, the IEA, the ETI and the JRC and has travelled on behalf of the Foreign Office to China and Korea to promote low carbon power generation. He is currently the PI on the EPSRC-funded project MESMERISE-CCS and the IEA-funded project FlexEVAL and Co-I on the EPSRC-funded projects Opening Future Fuels and CCSInSupply and the UKCCSRC funded project BECCS-IL in addition to the FP7 Project CO2QUEST. He was awarded the 2010 Qatar Petroleum Prize and the 2015 IChemE Nicklin medal for research excellence in low carbon energy.



Dr Mai Bui is a Senior Research Associate at the Centre for Environmental Policy in the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Imperial College London. She is also a member of the Centre for Process Systems Engineering (CPSE) and co-leads the Clean Fossil and Bioenergy Research Group (CleanFaB) with Dr Niall Mac Dowell. She is a Future Energy Leader at the Energy Centre of the Institute of Chemical Engineers (IChemE). She is also a committee member of the SCI Energy Group. She currently works on the Comparative assessment and region-specific optimisation of greenhouse gas removal (GGR) technologies project (funded by NERC), which studies the region-specific potential of negative emission technologies. Mai completed her PhD at Monash University in Australia (2011-2015). She worked in collaboration with The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) to study the effect of flexible operation during post-combustion capture (PCC) of CO2.