Preface |
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xi | |
Contributors to the First Edition |
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xiii | |
Introduction to Perioperative Echocardiography |
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1 | (50) |
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What Can Be Learned From Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)? |
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2 | (1) |
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What Echocardiographic Modalities Are Employed and How Can They Be Used? |
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2 | (5) |
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What Are the Indications and Contraindications for Perioperative TEE? |
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7 | (5) |
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Briefly, How Does Echocardiography Work? |
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12 | (7) |
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What Constitutes the Standard Perioperative TEE Examination? |
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19 | (8) |
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How Is TEE Routinely Used Perioperatively? |
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27 | (4) |
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What Is the Role of Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Perioperative Management? |
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31 | (1) |
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How Can Echocardiography Be Used to Determine Cardiac Output, Pressure Gradients, and Other Hemodynamic Measures Formerly Done With a Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheter? |
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32 | (9) |
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41 | (10) |
Chapter 1 Preoperative Evaluation of the Heart Surgery Patient |
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51 | (12) |
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Consent for Cardiac Anesthesia |
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51 | (1) |
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Cardiac Surgery and Teamwork |
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52 | (1) |
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Coronary Stents or Coronary Artery Bypass? |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (3) |
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Preoperative Patient Care and Comfort |
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60 | (3) |
Chapter 2 Hemodynamics and Cardiac Anesthesia |
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63 | (33) |
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Hemodynamic Calculations and Invasive Monitors: Why Are They Important and How Does One Determine Them? |
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63 | (14) |
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The Pumping Heart: How Does the Pump Contract and Relax? |
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77 | (6) |
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Pharmacology and Hemodynamics: An Introduction |
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83 | (5) |
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TEE and Hemodynamic Instability: How TEE Advances the Diagnosis of Hypotension? |
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88 | (4) |
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Avoiding Hemodynamic Collapse: A Case Illustration |
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92 | (4) |
Chapter 3 Perioperative Rhythm Abnormalities |
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96 | (18) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (2) |
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Supraventricular Tachycardias |
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105 | (3) |
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Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation |
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108 | (4) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
Chapter 4 Routine Cardiac Surgery and Anesthesia |
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114 | (16) |
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Immediate Preoperative Assessment and Antibiotic Prophylaxis |
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115 | (1) |
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Monitoring and Vascular Access |
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116 | (1) |
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Anesthetic Induction and Maintenance |
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117 | (3) |
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Institution of Cardiopulmonary Bypass |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (4) |
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Sternal Closure and Patient Transport |
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125 | (1) |
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Commonly Used Vasoactive Drugs in the Cardiac Surgery Patient |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
Chapter 5 The Complicated Patient for Cardiac Anesthesia and Surgery |
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130 | (25) |
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The Patient With Impaired Systolic and Diastolic Ventricular Function |
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130 | (19) |
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149 | (1) |
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The Diabetic Patient and Perioperative Glucose Control |
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150 | (1) |
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The Vascular Disease Patient in Need of Cardiac Surgery |
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151 | (1) |
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The Kidney Failure Patient and Cardiac Surgery |
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152 | (3) |
Chapter 6 Aortic Valve Disease |
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155 | (24) |
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155 | (1) |
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The Clinical Signs and Symptoms of AV Disease |
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156 | (3) |
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Physiologic Compensatory Mechanisms of AV Disease |
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159 | (2) |
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Echocardiography and AV Disease |
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161 | (9) |
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Surgical and Catheter-Mediated AV Replacement |
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170 | (4) |
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Anesthetic Implications of AV Diseases |
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174 | (2) |
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Clinical Scenario: The Patient With Mixed AS/AR and the Emergency Institution of CPB |
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176 | (3) |
Chapter 7 Mitral Valve Disease |
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179 | (28) |
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The Clinical Signs and Symptoms of MV Diseases |
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180 | (3) |
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Physiologic Compensatory Mechanisms of MV Diseases |
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183 | (2) |
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Echocardiography and MV Diseases |
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185 | (11) |
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Surgical and Catheter-Mediated Approaches to the Repair and Replacement of the MV |
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196 | (4) |
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Surgical Approaches to the Management of Atrial Fibrillation |
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200 | (2) |
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Anesthetic Implications of MV Diseases |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
Chapter 8 Right Heart Valves and Function |
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207 | (16) |
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The Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Tricuspid Valve Diseases |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Echocardiography of Right Heart Structures and Right Ventricular Function |
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210 | (3) |
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Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Tricuspid Valve and Tricuspid Regurgitation |
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213 | (6) |
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Surgical Approaches to TV Diseases |
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219 | (1) |
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Anesthetic Implications of TV Diseases, Pulmonary Hypertension, and RV Failure |
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220 | (1) |
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Case Scenario: The Patient With Endocarditis |
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220 | (3) |
Chapter 9 Anesthesia for Repair of Diseases of Thoracic Aorta |
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223 | (23) |
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Diseases of the Ascending Thoracic Aorta |
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224 | (7) |
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Diseases of the Descending Thoracic Aorta |
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231 | (1) |
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Anesthetic Management of the Patient With Disease of the Thoracic Aorta |
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232 | (3) |
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Distal Aortic Perfusion and Spinal Cord Protection During Descending Thoracic Aneurysm Resection and Endovascular Stenting |
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235 | (4) |
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Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest |
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239 | (3) |
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Echocardiography in the Management of Thoracic Aortic Diseases |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (3) |
Chapter 10 Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy and Cardiac Masses |
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246 | (14) |
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Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of HCM |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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Dynamic Obstruction of the LVOT |
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251 | (1) |
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Anesthetic Management of the HCM Patient for Noncardiac Surgery |
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251 | (1) |
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Anesthetic Management for Surgical Repair of HCM |
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252 | (2) |
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The Surgical Approach to HCM Repair |
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254 | (2) |
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256 | (2) |
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Case Scenario: 22-Year-Old Man With Sudden Cardiac Death |
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258 | (2) |
Chapter 11 Ventricular Assist Devices and Heart Transplantation |
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260 | (24) |
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Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation and the Heart Surgery Patient |
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260 | (2) |
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Ventricular Assist Devices: Designs and Indications |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (6) |
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269 | (1) |
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Anesthetic Management of VADs |
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270 | (3) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (7) |
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281 | (3) |
Chapter 12 Anesthesia for Patients With Congenital Heart Disease |
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284 | (34) |
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285 | (4) |
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Ventricular Septal Defects |
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289 | (4) |
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293 | (5) |
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Transposition of the Great Arteries |
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298 | (4) |
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Single Ventricle Patients |
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302 | (9) |
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Anesthesia for Noncardiac Surgery in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease |
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311 | (2) |
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Cardiac Surgery and Pregnancy |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (3) |
Chapter 13 Off-Pump, Robotic, and Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery |
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318 | (19) |
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Minimally Invasive Surgical Approaches |
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318 | (6) |
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Anesthetic Challenges for Off-Pump and Minimally Invasive Surgery |
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324 | (1) |
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Is Off-Pump Surgery Better Than On-Pump Surgery? |
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325 | (10) |
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335 | (2) |
Chapter 14 The Postoperative Care of the Cardiac Surgery Patient |
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337 | (16) |
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Routine Transport and Report |
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338 | (1) |
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Inflammation and the Cardiac Surgery Patient |
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339 | (2) |
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Genetic Associations and Cardiac Surgery Outcomes |
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341 | (1) |
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Perioperative Neurological Injury |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (2) |
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Analgesia, Electrolytes, Glucose |
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348 | (1) |
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Echocardiography in the ICU |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (3) |
Chapter 15 Anesthesia for Electrophysiology, Hybrid, and Catheterization Procedures |
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353 | (16) |
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Electrophysiology and Other Catheter-Based Procedures Overview |
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353 | (3) |
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356 | (4) |
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Anesthetic Management of EP Procedures |
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360 | (2) |
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Risks and Complications of Out-Of-The-OR Cardiac Procedures |
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362 | (7) |
Chapter 16 Coagulopathy, Bleeding, and Cardiac Anesthesia Emergencies |
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369 | (20) |
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Hemostasis and Cardiac Surgery |
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369 | (5) |
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Prevention of Blood Loss During Cardiac Surgery |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (6) |
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Outcomes Following Transfusion |
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381 | (1) |
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Massive Transfusion and Cardiac Trauma |
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382 | (2) |
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Options for Patients Who Refuse Blood Product Administration |
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384 | (1) |
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The Emergency Patient From the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (4) |
Chapter 17 Cardiopulmonary Bypass |
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389 | (19) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (4) |
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394 | (2) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (2) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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Systemic Inflammation and CPB |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) |
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403 | (5) |
Chapter 18 Postoperative Analgesia for Cardiac Surgery |
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408 | (15) |
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What Are the Systemic Implications of Pain in the Cardiac Surgery Patient? |
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408 | (2) |
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What Modalities Are Available to Treat Postoperative Pain? |
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410 | (5) |
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Enhanced Recovery Following Cardiac Surgery |
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415 | (1) |
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415 | (8) |
Index |
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423 | |