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carnyx in Iron Age Europe: the Deskford carnyx in its European context: 2 Bände [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 684 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 300x210x58 mm, kaal: 3392 g, 2 hardbacks
  • Sari: RGZM/LEIZA - Monographien 146
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jul-2019
  • Kirjastus: Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum
  • ISBN-10: 3795434777
  • ISBN-13: 9783795434779
  • Formaat: Hardback, 684 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 300x210x58 mm, kaal: 3392 g, 2 hardbacks
  • Sari: RGZM/LEIZA - Monographien 146
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Jul-2019
  • Kirjastus: Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum
  • ISBN-10: 3795434777
  • ISBN-13: 9783795434779
The carnyx, an animal-headed bronze horn, once echoed across Iron Age Europe. Now, after centuries of silence, this book presents a full picture of this dramatic instrument. It considers the rare surviving fragments, with a detailed study of the Deskford carnyx from north-east Scotland, alongside depictions from Iron Age and Classical art.

The carnyx is studied here in the context of musical instruments, metalworking technology, Celtic art styles, hoards and sacrificial offerings, Iron Age connections across Europe, and how the Greeks and Romans used material culture to depict barbarians in triumphal art. Research shifts from details of a single carnyx to a European scale in order to obtain a rounded picture of this striking instrument. Often called Celtic, the carnyx was far more than this. This study questions how useful such broad terms are, and shows the instruments spread to other cultural groupings German, Dacian, and as far away as India.
Volume 1
Acknowledgements ix
Chapter 1 Introduction, background and aims
1(10)
What was a carnyx?
1(3)
Ancient literary sources
4(1)
Previous work
5(2)
Key questions in previous work
7(1)
Aims and structure of this study
8(3)
Chapter 2 The Deskford carnyx
11(24)
Description
11(14)
The head
12(4)
The snout
16(3)
The jaw support
19(1)
The lower jaw
19(2)
The palate
21(3)
The rear disc
24(1)
Function
25(1)
Scientific analysis of the alloys
26(4)
Implications of the analytical results
29(1)
The date of the carnyx
30(1)
Origins and influences
31(2)
Boars
33(1)
Summary
34(1)
Chapter 3 Discovery and display
35(8)
Discovery
35(3)
Museum history
38(3)
The reconstruction project
41(1)
The modern life of the carnyx
41(2)
Chapter 4 The Deskford carnyx in its landscape and settlement context
43(20)
Excavations at the findspot
43(14)
The findspot
43(9)
The ridge
52(4)
The site's use in the Iron Age
56(1)
Deskford within the north-east Scottish Iron Age
57(6)
The early and middle Iron Age
59(1)
The late pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age
60(1)
The Picts
61(1)
The Deskford area
62(1)
Chapter 5 Depositional traditions in the Scottish Iron Age - metalwork and other finds
63(24)
The north-east of Scotland
75(4)
Rethinking prestige metalwork deposition
75(2)
Beyond prestige metalwork
77(2)
Atlantic Scotland
79(4)
Southern Scotland
83(2)
Summary
85(2)
Chapter 6 Celtic art in north-east Scotland and beyond: the massive metalwork tradition in context
87(38)
The massive metalworking tradition - a reappraisal
87(26)
Distribution
89(2)
The material
91(8)
Chronology
99(2)
Technology
101(8)
The origins of massive metalwork
109(1)
The social uses of massive metalwork
110(3)
The development and use of decorative metalwork in north Britain
113(9)
Metalwork in north Britain in the early and middle Iron Age
113(4)
Regional metalworking traditions in the later Iron Age
117(5)
Conclusions
122(3)
Chapter 7 The carnyx in the Iron Age world
125(94)
Identifying carnyces: some problems
125(7)
Heads
128(1)
Nostrils
128(1)
Crests
128(1)
Ears
129(2)
Summary
131(1)
Certain carnyces
132(54)
Tattershall Ferry, River Witham, Lincolnshire, UK
132(3)
Tintignac, dep. Correze, Limousin, France
135(16)
Mandeure, dep. Doubs, Franche-Comte, France
151(14)
Kappel, Lkr. Biberach, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
165(5)
«Abentheuer», Lkr. Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
170(4)
La Tene, Marin-Flpagnier, canton Neuchatel, Switzerland
174(4)
Sanzeno, Val di Non, reg. Trentino, Italy
178(6)
Leisach, Tyrol, Austria
184(2)
Likely or plausible carnyces
186(10)
Manching, Lkr. Pfaffenhofen an der Mm, Bavaria, Germany
186(4)
Salistea, jud. Alba, Romania
190(4)
Stare Hradisko, okr. Prostejov, Czech Republic
194(1)
Severeanu collection, Bucharest
195(1)
Fragments for future study
196(2)
Enserune, dep. Herault, France
196(1)
«Carnyces» to be dismissed from the record
196(1)
Castiglione delle Stiviere, prov. Mantova, Italy
196(1)
Le Mans, dep. Sarthe, France
196(2)
Discussion: the surviving fragments
198(4)
Technology and appearance
199(3)
Iron Age depictions
202(13)
Depictions of carnyces on coins
202(9)
Other depictions
211(4)
Discussion
215(4)
Chapter 8 The carnyx in the Classical world
219(50)
The data
219(1)
Biases in the data
220(6)
Intention
220(4)
Interpretation
224(1)
Variable occurrence
224(2)
Background to the groups of material
226(1)
The Sanchi stupa
227(1)
The carnyx in the Hellenistic world
228(3)
The carnyx on Roman coins
231(5)
The carnyx on Roman sculpture
236(21)
Public monuments
236(8)
Private sculpture
244(3)
Dating patterns and connections to barbarian groups
247(3)
Carnyx characteristics
250(7)
The carnyx on Roman artifacts
257(5)
Military and gladiatorial equipment
258(2)
Architectural fittings and decoration
260(1)
Ceramics
261(1)
Dating patterns and connections to barbarian groups
261(1)
Carnyx characteristics
262(1)
Synthesis: interpreting patterns in the depictions of carnyces
262(7)
Chapter 9 Carnyces, Celts and Romans: material culture, ethnicity and barbarian iconography
269(34)
The problem with the Celts
269(1)
Barbarians and their material culture in Classical art - motives and meanings
270(23)
Defining barbarians
272(1)
Material approaches
273(1)
Equipment typology
274(2)
The dataset: spatial and chronological patterns
276(6)
Stages of analysis
282(1)
Defining barbarian groups in Roman iconography
282(11)
Material culture in barbarian iconography - changing meanings, changing realities
293(7)
Shields
293(4)
Tores and boar standards
297(1)
The draco and the falx
297(1)
Synthesis
298(2)
Implications of the carnyx in Classical art
300(1)
Roman visions and barbarian topoi
300(1)
Conclusions
301(2)
Chapter 10 Reconstructing the carnyx - an evocation of Iron Age music
303(30)
Music archaeology
303(1)
Other carnyx reconstructions
304(3)
Evidence and rationale for reconstructing the Deskford carnyx
307(9)
The head
308(1)
The crest
309(1)
The bell
310(1)
The tube
310(2)
The mouthpiece
312(3)
Playing position
315(1)
Reconstruction
316(1)
Musical potential
317(2)
The use of the carnyx and the role of music in the Iron Age
319(2)
Music in Iron Age Scotland
321(2)
Trumpets and horns in the European Iron Age
323(9)
The Loughnashade type
323(2)
Other metal aerophones
325(3)
The «Celtic lituus» - fact or fiction?
328(4)
Conclusions
332(1)
Chapter 11 Conclusions - the carnyx and the study of Iron Age Europe
333(34)
The history and development of the carnyx
333(6)
Phase 1 300-150 BC
337(1)
Phase 2 150 BC-AD 50
338(1)
Phase 3 AD 50-300
338(1)
Interrogating barbarian stereotypes
339(1)
Similarities and differences in the European Iron Age
339(4)
Summary: The carnyx in Iron Age Europe - the Deskford carnyx in context
343(8)
Zusammenfassung: Die Carnyx im eisenzeitlichen Europa - die Deskford-Carnyx in ihrem weiteren Kontext
351(8)
Resume: Le carnyx dans I'Europe de I'age du Fer - le contexte du carnyx de Deskford
359(8)
Volume 2
Appendix 1 Catalogue of carnyx depictions
367(56)
A Coins
368(1)
A1 British Iron Age coins
368(8)
A2 Gaulish Iron Age coins
376(14)
A3 Greek coin
390(3)
A4 Roman Republican coins
393(18)
A5 Roman Imperial coins
411(9)
A6 Colonial and provincial coins
420(3)
B Sculpture
423(135)
B1 Rome and environs
423(48)
B2 Italy
471(27)
B3 Gaulish provinces
498(19)
B4 German provinces
517(2)
B5 Iberian provinces
519(26)
B6 African provinces
545(4)
B7 Eastern provinces
549(2)
B8 Non-Roman sculpture
551(7)
C Artefacts
558(33)
C1 Iron Age
558(8)
C2 Hellenistic depictions
566(3)
C3 Roman military and gladiatorial equipment
569(10)
C4 Roman architectural fittings
579(10)
C5 Roman non-architectural ceramics
589(2)
Appendix 2 Details of carnyx depictions
591(14)
Appendix 3 Uncertain carnyces
605(6)
A1 British Iron Age coin
605(1)
A4 Roman Republican coin
605(1)
A5 Roman Imperial coins
606(2)
B Roman sculpture
608(2)
C Artefacts
610(1)
Appendix 4 Falsae
611(18)
Artefacts
611(3)
A1 British Iron Age coins
614(2)
A2 Gaulish coins
616(2)
A4 Roman Republican coins
618(1)
A5 Roman Imperial coins
619(2)
B Classical sculpture
621(7)
C Artefacts
628(1)
Appendix 5 Barbarian material culture in Roman iconography
629(18)
Bibliography 647(1)
Ancient sources 647(1)
Abbreviated references 647(1)
References 647
Fraser Hunter did a degree in Archaeological Sciences at the University of Bradford, where he also did his PhD on the topic of the carnyx. He is curator of Iron Age and Roman collections at National Museums Scotland in Edinburgh.