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Acknowledgements |
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ix | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction, background and aims |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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Key questions in previous work |
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7 | (1) |
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Aims and structure of this study |
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8 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 The Deskford carnyx |
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11 | (24) |
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11 | (14) |
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12 | (4) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Scientific analysis of the alloys |
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26 | (4) |
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Implications of the analytical results |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Discovery and display |
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35 | (8) |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (3) |
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The reconstruction project |
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41 | (1) |
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The modern life of the carnyx |
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41 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 The Deskford carnyx in its landscape and settlement context |
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43 | (20) |
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Excavations at the findspot |
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43 | (14) |
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43 | (9) |
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52 | (4) |
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The site's use in the Iron Age |
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56 | (1) |
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Deskford within the north-east Scottish Iron Age |
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57 | (6) |
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The early and middle Iron Age |
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59 | (1) |
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The late pre-Roman and Roman Iron Age |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Depositional traditions in the Scottish Iron Age - metalwork and other finds |
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63 | (24) |
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The north-east of Scotland |
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75 | (4) |
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Rethinking prestige metalwork deposition |
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75 | (2) |
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Beyond prestige metalwork |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Celtic art in north-east Scotland and beyond: the massive metalwork tradition in context |
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87 | (38) |
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The massive metalworking tradition - a reappraisal |
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87 | (26) |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (8) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (8) |
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The origins of massive metalwork |
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109 | (1) |
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The social uses of massive metalwork |
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110 | (3) |
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The development and use of decorative metalwork in north Britain |
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113 | (9) |
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Metalwork in north Britain in the early and middle Iron Age |
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113 | (4) |
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Regional metalworking traditions in the later Iron Age |
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117 | (5) |
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122 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 The carnyx in the Iron Age world |
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125 | (94) |
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Identifying carnyces: some problems |
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125 | (7) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (54) |
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Tattershall Ferry, River Witham, Lincolnshire, UK |
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132 | (3) |
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Tintignac, dep. Correze, Limousin, France |
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135 | (16) |
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Mandeure, dep. Doubs, Franche-Comte, France |
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151 | (14) |
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Kappel, Lkr. Biberach, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany |
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165 | (5) |
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«Abentheuer», Lkr. Birkenfeld, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany |
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170 | (4) |
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La Tene, Marin-Flpagnier, canton Neuchatel, Switzerland |
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174 | (4) |
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Sanzeno, Val di Non, reg. Trentino, Italy |
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178 | (6) |
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184 | (2) |
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Likely or plausible carnyces |
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186 | (10) |
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Manching, Lkr. Pfaffenhofen an der Mm, Bavaria, Germany |
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186 | (4) |
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Salistea, jud. Alba, Romania |
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190 | (4) |
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Stare Hradisko, okr. Prostejov, Czech Republic |
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194 | (1) |
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Severeanu collection, Bucharest |
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195 | (1) |
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Fragments for future study |
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196 | (2) |
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Enserune, dep. Herault, France |
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196 | (1) |
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«Carnyces» to be dismissed from the record |
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196 | (1) |
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Castiglione delle Stiviere, prov. Mantova, Italy |
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196 | (1) |
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Le Mans, dep. Sarthe, France |
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196 | (2) |
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Discussion: the surviving fragments |
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198 | (4) |
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Technology and appearance |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (13) |
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Depictions of carnyces on coins |
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202 | (9) |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 The carnyx in the Classical world |
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219 | (50) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (6) |
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220 | (4) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (2) |
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Background to the groups of material |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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The carnyx in the Hellenistic world |
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228 | (3) |
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The carnyx on Roman coins |
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231 | (5) |
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The carnyx on Roman sculpture |
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236 | (21) |
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236 | (8) |
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244 | (3) |
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Dating patterns and connections to barbarian groups |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (7) |
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The carnyx on Roman artifacts |
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257 | (5) |
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Military and gladiatorial equipment |
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258 | (2) |
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Architectural fittings and decoration |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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Dating patterns and connections to barbarian groups |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Synthesis: interpreting patterns in the depictions of carnyces |
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262 | (7) |
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Chapter 9 Carnyces, Celts and Romans: material culture, ethnicity and barbarian iconography |
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269 | (34) |
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The problem with the Celts |
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269 | (1) |
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Barbarians and their material culture in Classical art - motives and meanings |
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270 | (23) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (2) |
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The dataset: spatial and chronological patterns |
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276 | (6) |
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282 | (1) |
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Defining barbarian groups in Roman iconography |
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282 | (11) |
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Material culture in barbarian iconography - changing meanings, changing realities |
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293 | (7) |
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293 | (4) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (2) |
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Implications of the carnyx in Classical art |
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300 | (1) |
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Roman visions and barbarian topoi |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Reconstructing the carnyx - an evocation of Iron Age music |
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303 | (30) |
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303 | (1) |
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Other carnyx reconstructions |
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304 | (3) |
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Evidence and rationale for reconstructing the Deskford carnyx |
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307 | (9) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (3) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
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The use of the carnyx and the role of music in the Iron Age |
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319 | (2) |
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Music in Iron Age Scotland |
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321 | (2) |
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Trumpets and horns in the European Iron Age |
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323 | (9) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (3) |
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The «Celtic lituus» - fact or fiction? |
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328 | (4) |
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332 | (1) |
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Chapter 11 Conclusions - the carnyx and the study of Iron Age Europe |
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333 | (34) |
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The history and development of the carnyx |
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333 | (6) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Interrogating barbarian stereotypes |
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339 | (1) |
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Similarities and differences in the European Iron Age |
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339 | (4) |
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Summary: The carnyx in Iron Age Europe - the Deskford carnyx in context |
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343 | (8) |
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Zusammenfassung: Die Carnyx im eisenzeitlichen Europa - die Deskford-Carnyx in ihrem weiteren Kontext |
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351 | (8) |
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Resume: Le carnyx dans I'Europe de I'age du Fer - le contexte du carnyx de Deskford |
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359 | (8) |
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Appendix 1 Catalogue of carnyx depictions |
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367 | (56) |
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368 | (1) |
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A1 British Iron Age coins |
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368 | (8) |
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A2 Gaulish Iron Age coins |
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376 | (14) |
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390 | (3) |
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A4 Roman Republican coins |
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393 | (18) |
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411 | (9) |
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A6 Colonial and provincial coins |
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420 | (3) |
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423 | (135) |
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423 | (48) |
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471 | (27) |
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498 | (19) |
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517 | (2) |
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519 | (26) |
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545 | (4) |
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549 | (2) |
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551 | (7) |
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558 | (33) |
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558 | (8) |
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C2 Hellenistic depictions |
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566 | (3) |
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C3 Roman military and gladiatorial equipment |
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569 | (10) |
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C4 Roman architectural fittings |
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579 | (10) |
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C5 Roman non-architectural ceramics |
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589 | (2) |
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Appendix 2 Details of carnyx depictions |
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591 | (14) |
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Appendix 3 Uncertain carnyces |
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605 | (6) |
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605 | (1) |
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605 | (1) |
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606 | (2) |
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608 | (2) |
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610 | (1) |
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611 | (18) |
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611 | (3) |
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A1 British Iron Age coins |
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614 | (2) |
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616 | (2) |
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A4 Roman Republican coins |
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618 | (1) |
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619 | (2) |
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621 | (7) |
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628 | (1) |
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Appendix 5 Barbarian material culture in Roman iconography |
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629 | (18) |
Bibliography |
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647 | (1) |
Ancient sources |
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647 | (1) |
Abbreviated references |
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647 | (1) |
References |
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647 | |